Consumidores de produtos orgânicos na economia circular

Purpose: To identify drivers and barriers perceived by consumers of organic products regarding their actions supporting circularity. Theoretical framework: Circular Economy (CE) is seen as solution for food crisis and environmental pollution. It also contributes to growing awareness of social responsibility and sustainability, which increases the interest in organic products. Method/design/approach: Qualitatively, twelve consumers of organic products were interviewed through indepth online interviews. Results and conclusion: Consumers identified several drivers that encourage them to be part of CE, such as less packaging at farmer’s markets, the opportunity to compost at home, and government policies that support waste sorting for recycling. However, the failure of suppliers to provide initiatives to reuse packaging, bags and to return glass containers, the restrictions on home composting, lack of room to separate and dispose of recyclable waste efficiently, not used to reusing vegetable waste, and not used to returning packaging to suppliers, were identified as barriers to CE. Research implications: This study contributes to the development of CE, promotion of sustainability and establishment of CE as an element of organic production. Originality/value: Studies address CE with focus on the industry. Contemplate the importance of the consumer for the development of circularity, this study advances with a look at the consumer, foment to the comprehensive, until then not investigated, of the perception of consumers of organic products regarding their actions supporting circularity.Objetivo: Identificar drivers e barreiras percebidos pelos consumidores de produtos orgânicos em relação às suas ações em prol da circularidade. Referencial teórico: A economia circular (EC) é vista como solução para crise alimentar e poluição ambiental. Também contribui para crescente conscientização sobre responsabilidade social e sustentabilidade, enquanto aumenta o interesse por produtos orgânicos. Método: De forma qualitativa, doze consumidores de produtos orgânicos foram entrevistados por meio de entrevistas em profundidade on-line. Resultados e conclusão: Os consumidores identificaram uma série de drivers que os incentivam a fazer parte da EC, como diminuição do uso de embalagens nas feiras, oportunidade de fazer compostagem em casa e políticas governamentais que apoiam a coleta seletiva de resíduos para reciclagem. No entanto, a falha dos fornecedores em oferecer iniciativas de reutilização de embalagens, sacolas e de devolução de recipientes de vidro, restrições à compostagem domiciliar, falta de espaço para separar e descartar resíduos recicláveis de forma eficiente, não ter como reutilizar resíduos vegetais, e a não devolução de embalagens aos fornecedores, foram identificados como barreiras à EC. Implicações da pesquisa: Este estudo contribui para o desenvolvimento da EC, promoção da sustentabilidade e, estabelecimento da EC como elemento da produção orgânica. Originalidade/valor: Estudos tratam da EC com um foco maior para a indústria. Considerando a significativa importância do consumidor para o desenvolvimento da circularidade, este estudo avança com olhar para o consumidor, contribuindo para o entendimento, até então não investigados, da persepção dos consumidores de produtos orgânicos em relação às suas ações em prol da circularidade

Provas de carga em estacas pré-moldadas ensaiadas em areias porosas

Collapsibles porous sands are found to a large extent of Brazil, representing 5% of the country. In the layers of those soils the thickness are of to 15 meters. Precast-concrete piles were build, with instrumentation, made to that research. The piles were drive in soil sandy porous collapsible, found in the state of São Paulo (Brazil). Vertical static load tests were made in six piles (compression, uplift forces and horizontal loading). There were performed field tests and laboratory in samples obtained from the subsoil, aiming geotechnical characterization of the place.Os solos porosos arenosos colapsíveis ocorrem na região central do Brasil, representando 5% da área do país. Esses coluviões porosos alcançam espessuras de até 15 metros. Nesse trabalho, foram construídas estacas pré-moldadas de concreto, instrumentadas, especialmente confeccionadas para essa pesquisa. Essas estacas foram cravadas em solo arenoso de alta porosidade, colapsível, situado na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Diversas provas de carga axiais, estáticas, foram efetuadas em seis estacas (por ensaios de compressão, tração e carregamento horizontal). Foram realizados, ainda, ensaios geotécnicos laboratoriais e de campo nesses solos, com o intuito de melhor caracterizar o campo experimental estudado.28528

Medicinal Plants from Northeastern Brazil against Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been linked with oxidative stress, acetylcholine deficiency in the brain, and inflammatory processes. In the northeast region of Brazil, various plants are used to treat several diseases associated with these processes; then an antioxidant test was performed with those plants in a previous work and twelve species with higher antioxidant activity were selected for AChE inhibition evaluation. The phenolic compounds content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu test and flavonoid content with AlCl3 reagent using UV-visible spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activity was assessed analyzing the inhibitory activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and by the β-carotene/linoleic acid system and acetylcholinesterase inhibition using qualitative and quantitative tests. The combination of better acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities pointed out six species, in descending order, as the best potential sources of therapeutic agents against AD: Hancornia speciosa > Myracrodruon urundeuva > Copaifera langsdorffii > Stryphnodendron coriaceum > Psidium guajava > Mangifera indica. Besides, the phenolic compounds in the species probably contribute to these activities. However, further pharmacological studies to assess the specific applications of these plants against AD are required to confirm these results

Comparative Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing Infections and Disease Progression from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 and BA.2, Portugal

We estimated comparative primary and booster vaccine effectiveness (VE) of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 and BA.2 lineages against infection and disease progression. During April-June 2022, we implemented a case-case and cohort study and classified lineages using whole-genome sequencing or spike gene target failure. For the case-case study, we estimated the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of vaccination using a logistic regression. For the cohort study, we estimated VE against disease progression using a penalized logistic regression. We observed no reduced VE for primary (aOR 1.07 [95% CI 0.93-1.23]) or booster (aOR 0.96 [95% CI 0.84-1.09]) vaccination against BA.5 infection. Among BA.5 case-patients, booster VE against progression to hospitalization was lower than that among BA.2 case-patients (VE 77% [95% CI 49%-90%] vs. VE 93% [95% CI 86%-97%]). Although booster vaccination is less effective against BA.5 than against BA.2, it offers substantial protection against progression from BA.5 infection to severe disease.The acquisition of sequencing equipment and reagents used in this study by the Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge was partially funded by the HERA project (grant no. 2021/PHF/23776) supported by the European Commission through the European Centre for Disease Control, and also partially funded by the GenomePT project (grant no. POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020–Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation, Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme, Algarve Portugal Regional Operational, under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund, and by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation. Algarve Biomedical Center Laboratory received public funding through the Project ALG-D2-2021-06 Variants Screen in Southern Portugal– Monitoring Variants of Concern in Southern Portugal and the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation national support through the Comprehensive Health Research Center (grant no. UIDP/04923/2020)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Autoimmune hepatitis in 828 Brazilian children and adolescents: clinical and laboratory findings, histological profile, treatments, and outcomes

In this large clinical series of Brazilian children and adolescents, autoimmunehepatitis-1 was more frequent, and patients with autoimmune hepatitis-2 exhibited higherdisease remission rates with earlier response to treatment. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 had a higher risk of death.sentation, laboratory findings, histological profile, treatments, and outcomes of children andadolescents with autoimmune hepatitis.Methods: The medical records of 828 children and adolescents with autoimmune hepatitiswere reviewed. A questionnaire was used to collect anonymous data on clinical presentation,biochemical and histological findings, and treatments.Results: Of all patients, 89.6% had autoimmune hepatitis-1 and 10.4% had autoimmunehepatitis-2. The female sex was predominant in both groups. The median age at symptomonset was 111.5 (6; 210) and 53.5 (8; 165) months in the patients with autoimmune hepatitis1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively. Acute clinical onset was observed in 56.1% and58.8% and insidious symptoms in 43.9% and 41.2% of the patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively. The risk of hepatic failure was 1.6-fold higher forautoimmune hepatitis-2. Fulminant hepatic failure occurred in 3.6% and 10.6% of the patientswith autoimmune hepatitis-1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively; the risk was 3.1-foldhigher for autoimmune hepatitis-2. The gamma globulin and immunoglobulin G levels were sig-nificantly higher in autoimmune hepatitis-1, while the immunoglobulin A and C3 levels werelower in autoimmune hepatitis-2. Cirrhosis was observed in 22.4% of the patients; biochem-ical remission was achieved in 76.2%. The actuarial survival rate was 93.0%. A total of 4.6%underwent liver transplantation, and 6.9% died (autoimmune hepatitis-1: 7.5%; autoimmunehepatitis-2: 2.4%).Conclusions: In this large clinical series of Brazilian children and adolescents, autoimmunehepatitis-1 was more frequent, and patients with autoimmune hepatitis-2 exhibited higherdisease remission rates with earlier response to treatment. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 had a higher risk of death.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PROMOÇÃO A SAÚDE E MULTIPROFISSIONALIDADE NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA A SAÚDE: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Primary Health Care (PHC) is defined by the Pan American Health Organization as the gateway to health services, in which patients will receive continuous care. In Brazil, health promotion practices are regulated by the National Health Promotion Policy (PNPS). However, there are some weaknesses in PHC that hinder the ability to resolve problems encountered in the population. In this context, multidisciplinary teams work in an integrated manner and in networks to promote quality health care for patients. This review aims to identify studies in the scientific literature that address health promotion actions in the sphere of family health strategy and their importance for the context of health care. The search was carried out in databases such as Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) – Via Biblioteca Nacional de Saúde (VHL), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) – Via Plataforma Periódicos Capes. 101 articles were identified, with only 8 included as they met the eligibility criteria. The narrative literature review showed that actions aimed at promoting health brought numerous benefits to the target audiences of the studies evaluated, demonstrating the importance of multidisciplinary teams and thus allowing comprehensiveness in health care to be guaranteed.A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é definida pela Organização Pan-americana da Saúde como a porta de entrada para os serviços de saúde, na qual os pacientes receberão cuidados contínuos. No Brasil as práticas de promoção à saúde são regulamentadas pela Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (PNPS). No entanto, há algumas fragilidades na APS que prejudicam a resolutividade dos problemas encontrados na população. Neste contexto, as equipes multidisciplinares desenvolvem um trabalho de forma integrada e em redes visando promover assistência em saúde de qualidade aos pacientes. Está revisão tem como objetivo identificar na literatura científica estudos que abordem ações de promoção de saúde na esfera da estratégia de saúde da família e sua importância para o contexto de assistência em saúde. A busca foi realizada em bases de dados como Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) – Via Biblioteca Nacional de Saúde (BVS), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) – Via Plataforma Periódicos Capes. Foram identificados 101 artigos, com apenas 8 foram incluídos por atender aos critérios de elegibilidade. A revisão narrativa de literatura mostrou que as ações visando a promoção a saúde trouxeram inúmeros benefícios para os públicos alvos dos estudos avaliados, demonstrando a importância das equipes multiprofissionais e permitindo assim, que se garanta a integralidade na assistência em saúde

Medicamentos opioides: revisão literária de aspectos farmacológicos de relevância

A dor é que uma percepção empírica sensorial nociceptiva, de conotação afetiva e desagradável, oposta ao prazer. O fenômeno da dor é resultado da ativação dos receptores nociceptivos, os quais captam estímulos nocivos ao organismo via SNC, o qual proporciona a detecção e sinalização do dano tecidual, exteriorizado como sensação dolorosa. Os receptores opioides são acoplados à proteína G na membrana celular, de tal forma que quando os mesmos sofrem estímulo farmacológico específico, ocorre inibição da enzima adenilato ciclase, com consequente queda da concentração intracelular de monofosfato cíclico de adenosina