Ácido indolacético influencia no enraizamento de estacas de Pittosporum tobira

The objective was to evaluate the rooting of Japanese pittosporum (Pittosporum tobira) during the application of different doses of indole acetic acid (IAA). The plant material consisted of 10 cm long cuttings, which were treated with different concentrations of IAA (0; 1,000; 2,000; 3,000; and 4,000 mg L-1) for 10 seconds. After that, the cuttings were grown in polyethylene bags containing commercial substrate and vermiculite, at the nursery under greenhouse conditions and subjected to environmental conditions. After 120 days, we evaluated the percentage of survival and rooted cuttings, leaf area index (LAI), and root length, using the UTHSCSA software. Cutting survival was not influenced by the concentration of IAA. The rooting percentage and LAI showed quadratic behavior as concentrations of IAA increased. The best rooting responses were using 2,000 mg L-1 of IAA, resulting in maximum dose of technical efficiency (MDTE) to 2,175.00 mg L-1. The greatest length of roots per cutting was found at intermediate concentrations of IAA, with MDTE of 1,911 mg L-1. The use of 2,000 mg L-1 of IAA benefits the rooting of P. tobira cuttings.O objetivo foi avaliar o enraizamento de estacas de pistóporo-japonês (Pittosporum tobira) sob o efeito de diferentes doses de ácido indolacético (AIA). Como material vegetativo, utilizou-se de estacas caulinares de 10 cm de comprimento, as quais foram tratadas a diferentes concentrações de AIA (0, 1.000, 2.000, 3.000 e 4.000 mg L-1), por 10 segundos. As estacas foram cultivadas em sacos de polietileno contendo substrato comercial e vermiculita, mantidas em viveiro sob telado e submetidas às condições do ambiente. Após 120 dias, avaliaram-se a porcentagem de sobrevivência e de estacas enraizadas, o índice de área foliar (IAF) e o comprimento das raízes com o auxílio do programa UTHSCSA. A sobrevivência das estacas não foi influenciada pelas concentrações de AIA. A porcentagem de enraizamento e o IAF apresentaram comportamento quadrático na medida em que se aumentaram as concentrações de AIA. As melhores respostas de enraizamento foram observadas quando se utilizou 2.000 mg L-1 de AIA, obtendo-se a dose de máxima eficiência técnica (DMET) de 2.175,00 mg L-1. O maior comprimento de raízes por estaca foi observada em concentrações intermediárias de AIA, com DMET de 1.911 mg L-1. O uso de 2.000 mg L-1 de AIA favorece o enraizamento de estacas de P. tobira

Micropropagação de dois genótipos de Sequoia sempervirens com adição de pequenas concentrações de cinetina

Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. is a conifer which produces highquality wood with potential industrial applications. However, the species shows low germination rates. This study was devoted to optimizing a protocol for shoot multiplication of S. sempervirens through micropropagation. Two genotypes, adapted to southern Brazil, constituted the source of explants for consecutive experiments aiming in vitro multiplication. We used the traditional MS (Murashige & Skoog) culture medium at 50% of its original concentration, supplemented with plant growth regulators under two approaches. For multiplication we combined α-naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzilaminopurine (BAP) at distinct concentrations. In the second experiment, we tested concentrations of three cytokinins types (BAP, kinetin and 2-isopentheiladenine ). NAA at 0.1 mg L-1 enabled the production of shoots with higher mean length for the main branch. The use of kinetin in low concentrations provided the best performance for shoot multiplication, differing between two genotypes. We outline a recommendation of the most suitable plant growth regulators and their concentration for shoot multiplication of S. sempervirens, which might assist further work aiming at adventitious rooting and acclimatization.Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. é uma conífera que produz madeira de elevada qualidade, com potencial de aplicação na indústria. No entanto, a espécie exibe baixas taxas de germinação. Este estudo foi dedicado à otimizar um protocolo para a multiplicação de brotos de S. sempervirens, através da micropropagação. Dois genótipos, adaptados ao Sul do Brasil, foram a fonte de explantes para o estudo da multiplicação in vitro. Utilizou-se o meio de cultura MS (Murashige Skoog) (50% de sua concentração original) complementado com reguladores de crescimento sob duas abordagens. Para a multiplicação, foram combinados ácido α-naftaleno acético (ANA) e 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), em concentrações distintas. No segundo experimento foram testadas, separadamente, três concentrações de cintinas (BAP, cinetina e 2-isopentenladenina). ANA , na concentração 0,1 mg L-1, permitiu a produção de brotos com maior comprimento médio do ramo principal. O uso de cinetina, em baixas concentrações, proporcionou o melhor desempenho para a multiplicação de brotos, mas com desempenhos distintos, de acordo com o genótipo. Descrevemos uma recomendação dos reguladores de crescimento de plantas mais adequados e suas concentrações para a multiplicação de brotos de S. sempervirens, o que pode auxiliar trabalhos voltados para enraizamento e aclimatização adventícia

Boletín meteorológico diario: Número 156 - 2004 Junio 04

The discharge of sewage and industrial effluents containing high concentrations of pollutants in water bodies increases eutrophication. Cyanobacteria, some of the organisms whose growth is promoted by high nutrient concentrations, are resistant and produce several types of toxins, known as cyanotoxins, highly harmful to human beings. Current water treatment systems for the public water supply are not efficient in degradation of toxins. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have been tested for the removal of cyanotoxins, and the results have been positive. This study examines the application of photoelectrooxidation in the degradation of cyanotoxins (microcystins). The performance of the oxidative processes involved was evaluated separately: Photocatalysis, Electrolysis and Photoelectrooxidation. Results showed that the electrical current and UV radiation were directly associated with toxin degradation. The PEO system is efficient in removing cyanotoxins, and the reduction rate reached 99%. The final concentration of toxin was less than 1 μg/L of microcystin in the treated solution.A descarga de esgotos e efluentes industriais contendo altas concentrações de poluentes nos corpos d’água aumenta a eutrofização. As cianobactérias, são organismos cujo crescimento é promovido por concentrações elevadas de nutrientes, são resistentes e produzem vários tipos de toxinas conhecidas, como cianotoxinas, altamente prejudiciais para os seres humanos. Os sistemas atuais de tratamento de água para o abastecimento público de água não são eficientes na degradação destas toxinas. Processos oxidativos avançados (POA) foram testados para a remoção de cianotoxinas, e os resultados têm sido positivos. Este estudo avalia o processo de fotoeletrooxidação (FEO) na degradação de cianotoxinas (microcistinas). Foi avaliado o desempenho dos processos envolvidos separadamente: fotocatalisis, eletrólise e fotoeletrooxidação. Os resultados mostram que a potencia da radiação UV e da corrente elétrica estão diretamente associados com a degradação de toxinas. O sistema de FEO é eficiente na remoção de cianotoxinas e a redução foi de 99%. A concentração final de toxina foi inferior a 1 g / L de microcistina na solução tratada

Efeito do volume do tubete e doses de fertilizantes no crescimento inicial de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden

O uso de fertilizantes de liberação controlada constitui-se umas das formas de suprimento ao longo da formação das mudas em viveiro. O objetivo do estudo foi testar doses crescentes de fertilizante de liberação controlada (FLC) em tubetes de diferentes tamanhos no crescimento inicial de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden. As mudas foram originadas de sementes, semeadas em tubetes de 55cm³ e 110cm³, compondo o primeiro fator do esquema fatorial 2 x 5. Ao substrato foram adicionadas diferentes doses de FLC (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 g L-1), compondo o segundo fator. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições de 25 plantas cada. Cem dias após a semeadura foi realizada a avaliação da altura, diâmetro do colo, área foliar (AF) e comprimento de raízes (CR). As mudas produzidas em tubetes de maior volume (110 cm³) e dose próxima a 5 g L-1 de FLC apresentaram os melhores resultados de altura, diâmetro do colo, área foliar e comprimento de raízes. Com o uso de tubetes de menor tamanho (55 cm³) foi necessário no geral maior dose de FLC. Doses maiores de 6 g L-1 de FLC promoveram a diminuição na qualidade das mudas, assim como doses menores a 4 g L-1. A escolha de tubetes de tamanho adequado e a definição da melhor dose de adubação são importantes para a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii de boa qualidade

Support for Arbitrary Regions in XSL-FO ♦

latex, SVG, digital printing This paper proposes an extension of the XSL-FO standard which allows the specification of an unlimited number of arbitrarily shaped page regions. These extensions are built on top of XSL-FO 1.1 to enable flow content to be laid out into arbitrary shapes and allowing for page layouts currently available only to desktop publishing software. Such a proposal is expected to leverage XSL-FO towards usage as an enabling technology in the generation of content intended for personalized printing

Safety outcomes and long-term effectiveness of ex vivo autologous cultured limbal epithelial transplantation for limbal stem cell deficiency

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ex vivo autologous cultured limbal stem cell transplantation (CLET). METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 59 consecutive patients treated with 65 CLETs. Efficacy was graded 1 year after surgery as successful, partially successful or failed. A safety analysis was performed considering side effects and complications that were recorded during the first year after CLET and those reported later than 1 year, including the events related to subsequent treatments. RESULTS: The mean post-CLET follow-up was 6.0\ub14.1 years. 69% of CLETs had either one or more adverse events (AEs), or adverse drug reactions (ADRs), within 1 year of surgery, with inflammation being the most common (42%), followed by corneal epithelium defects/disepithelialisation (31%), and blood coagula under the fibrin (24%). One year after surgery, 41% of the 59 primary CLET procedures were successful, 39% partially successful and 20% failed. The most common ADRs recorded for the primary unsuccessful CLETs were ulcerative keratitis, melting/perforation, and epithelial defects/disepithelialisation. Six failed CLETs required reconstructive penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Among CLETs with a favourable outcome, 13 underwent corrective PK (mean 4.8\ub13.4 years), and thereafter seven eyes maintained integrity of the corneal epithelium, five showed corneal surface failure, and one had recurrent epithelial defects. Corneal graft rejection episodes were reported in 71% and 58% of patients following corrective or reconstructive PK, respectively. Seven primary CLETs with a favourable outcome worsened thereafter, and the overall 3-year long-term effectiveness was 68%. CONCLUSIONS: This study addresses important issues regarding possible risks associated with disarray of the ocular surface homeostasis following autologous CLET in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency, despite the fact that the majority of patients experienced a favourable long-term benefit

Diagnosis and treatment of acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol withdrawal syndrome: position paper of the Italian Society on Alcohol

The chronic use of alcohol can lead to the onset of an alcohol use disorder (AUD). About 50% of subjects with an AUD may develop alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) when they reduce or discontinue their alcohol consumption and, in 3-5% of them, convulsions and delirium tremens (DTs), representing life-threatening complications, may occur. Unfortunately, few physicians are adequately trained in identifying and treating AWS. The Italian Society on Alcohol has, therefore, implemented a task force of specialists to draw up recommendations for the treatment of AWS with the following main results: (1) while mild AWS may not require treatment, moderate and severe AWS need to be pharmacologically treated; (2) out-patient treatment is appropriate in patients with mild or moderate AWS, while patients with severe AWS need to be treated as in-patients; (3) benzodiazepines, BDZs are the "gold standard" for the treatment of AWS and DTs; (4) alpha-2-agonists, beta-blockers, and neuroleptics may be used in association when BDZs do not completely resolve specific persisting symptoms of AWS; (5) in the case of a refractory form of DTs, the use of anaesthetic drugs (propofol and phenobarbital) in an intensive care unit is appropriate; (6) alternatively to BDZs, sodium oxybate, clomethiazole, and tiapride approved in some European Countries for the treatment of AWS may be employed for the treatment of moderate AWS; (7) anti-convulsants are not sufficient to suppress AWS, and they may be used only in association with BDZs for the treatment of refractory forms of convulsions in the course of AWS