Carbon-supported statistically distributed polyethyleneimine/palladium (II) complexes as efficient and sustainable Sonogashira catalysts

We thank the Spanish Ministry of Science & Innovation, and the Junta de Andalucía for financial support (grants MAT2009-14185-C02-01, P09-FQM-4765 and a fellowship to A. Peñas). To CPL Carbon Link for kind donation of carbon samples. We also thank CICT of University of Jaén for technical facilities.A novel approach toward the obtaining of a Pd (II) carbon-supported catalyst based on a statistical distributed polymer (hyperbranched polyethyleneimine) and its use as a highly efficient and sustainable catalyst for Sonogashira-type coupling reactions is presented. The heterogenous Pd (II)/HBPEI catalyst fabricated through a facile, cost-effective and scalable procedure provides an innovative catalyst structure based on statistical distributed singular catalytic centers with well-defined Pd-Polymer chemical interactions, highly resistant to suffer leaching processes and extensively and homogenously distributed across the whole carbon surface. The catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic and recycling activity for several cross-coupling reactions between different aryl halides and terminal alkynes, free of any undesired by-product and in excellent yields, under air atmosphere, using water as solvent, at moderate temperatures (65 °C) and avoiding the use of phosphine derivatives, Cu(I) as co-catalyst and excess of any of the reactant. Therefore, the reported Pd(II)-HBPEI carbon-supported material can be considered a truly competitive heterogeneous Pd(II) catalyst for large-scale under green chemistry conditions.Spanish Ministry of Science & InnovationJunta de Andalucía MAT2009-14185-C02-01, P09-FQM-4765University of Jaén, CIC

Compuestos bioactivos, propiedades antioxidantes y antibacterianas de pulpa, piel y arilo de la fruta de Clusia quadrangula (Clusiaceae)

Background and Aims: The Clusiaceae family is known for its bioactive compounds with beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The objectives of this study were to 1) identify and quantify the individual polyphenol compounds in the methanolic extract from peel, pulp and aril of the fruit of Clusia quadrangula by UPLC-MSMS, evaluate their antioxidant properties, 2) analyze the fatty acid profile, minerals composition and 3) determine the antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria of the methanolic extract.Methods: Physicochemical properties, antioxidants and bioactive compounds, fatty acid profile and mineral content were analyzed using a Microplate Spectrophotometer, Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole Mass Spectrometer, Gas Chromatography coupled with a Mass Spectrometer and Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy.Key results: Twenty phenolic compounds were identified and quantified plus the precursor shikimic acid (103.55 µg/g solids). Procyanidin B2 (41.56 µg/g solids), (−)-epicatechin (34.07 µg/g solids), and ellagic acid (27.58 µg/g solids) were found in greater quantity in the methanolic extract of the pulp. Palmitic and linoleic acid were the most abundant fatty acids in the pulp, peel, and aril, and linolenic acid was present in the pulp. The pulp also exhibited the highest amount of total polyphenolic compounds (24.33 mg GAE/g) and reducing power evaluated by FRAP (18.697 mg ET/g). Analysis of the minerals revealed that all fractions are rich in magnesium, potassium, sodium, and calcium. The results showed that the methanolic extract of the different parts of the fruit had antibacterial properties against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusions: These results indicate that different parts of the C. quadrangula fruit are a rich source of natural antioxidants and possess antibacterial properties. Therefore, it can be considered for use as ingredient or additive in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or food industries.Antecedentes y Objetivos: La familia Clusiaceae es conocida por sus compuestos bioactivos con propiedades antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias beneficiosas. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) identificar y cuantificar compuestos polifenólicos individuales en el extracto metanólico de cáscara, pulpa y arilo del fruto de Clusia quadrangula por UPLC-MSMS, evaluar sus propiedades antioxidantes, 2) analizar el perfil de ácidos grasos, la composición mineral y 3) determinar la actividad antibacteriana contra bacterias patógenas del extracto metanólico. Métodos: Las propiedades fisicoquímicas, antioxidantes y compuestos bioactivos, perfil de ácidos grasos y contenido de minerales fueron analizados utilizando un Espectrofotómetro de Microplaca, Cromatografía de Líquidos de Ultra Alta Resolución acoplado a un Espectrómetro de Masas triple cuadrupolo, Cromatografía de Gases acoplada a un Espectrómetro de Masas y Espectroscopia de Emisión Atómica de Plasma de Microondas.Resultados clave: Se identificaron y cuantificaron 20 compuestos fenólicos más el precursor ácido shikímico (103.55 µg/g sólidos). Procianidina B2 (41.56 µg/g sólidos), (−)-epicatequina (34.07 µg/g sólidos) y ácido elágico (27.58 µg/g sólidos) se encontraron en mayor cantidad en el extracto metanólico de la pulpa. Los ácidos palmítico y linoleico fueron los ácidos grasos más abundantes en la pulpa, cáscara y arilo, y el ácido linolénico estuvo presente en la pulpa. La pulpa también exhibió la mayor cantidad de compuestos polifenólicos totales (24.33 mg GAE/g) y poder reductor evaluado por FRAP (18.697 mg ET/g). El análisis de los minerales reveló que todas las fracciones son ricas en magnesio, potasio, sodio y calcio. Los resultados mostraron que el extracto metanólico de las diferentes partes del fruto tenían propiedades antibacterianas contra Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, y Enterococcus faecalis.Conclusión: Estos resultados indican que las diferentes partes del fruto de C. quadrangula son una rica fuente de antioxidantes naturales y poseen propiedades antibacterianas, por lo que se puede considerar para su uso como ingrediente o aditivo en la industria cosmética, farmacéutica o alimentaria

BIOFUMIGACIÓN Y SOLARIZACIÓN DEL SUELO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE SANDÍA (Citrulluslanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &Nakai)

The implementation of techniques such as soil biofumigation and solarization, are an alternative to control diseases and weeds in the vegetable production. This study was carried out at the experimental field of the Sonora University, from July to December 2006. Soil solarization and biofumigation (incorporation of broccoli as organic matter) plus solarization effects on watermelon (Citrulluslanatus (Thunb.)Matsum.&Nakai) was evaluated. The transplant was carried out on August 15, 2006. The experimental design was a completely randomized with six replications. Yield and fruit quality of watermelon, Fusarium and nematodes presence,weeds presence, also mineral nutrition from soil and plant were evaluated. The combination of both techniques (soil biofumigation plus solarization) increased the total yield and fruit weight. Total solid soluble and fruit firmness were not affected by soil solarization and biofumigation plus solarization, not influencing the fruit quality. Soil solarization as well as its interaction with biofumigation significantly reduced the presence of Fusarium and nematode presence.The weed presence was efficiently controlled by soil solarization.The phosphorus and potassium fertilization can be reduced with soil biofumigation plus solarization. The total nitrogen and zincin plant was enhanced with soil solarization, while the manganeseabsorption was increased with the soil biofumigation and solarization combination

Adsorptive Capacity, Inhibitory Activity and Processing Techniques for a Copper-MOF Based on the 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate Ligand

Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules27228073/s1Acknowledgments: E.E. is grateful to the Government of the Basque Country for the predoctoral fellowship and R.F.M for the Junior Research Position CEECIND/ 00553/2017. S.R. acknowledges the Juan de la Cierva Incorporación Fellowship (grant agreement no. IJC2019-038894-I). The authors thank for technical and human support provided by SGIker of UPV/EHU and European funding (ERDF and ESF) and also wish to acknowledge the terrific help of all reviewers of the present manuscript, whose comments helped to improve the quality of the work.Funding: This work was developed within the scope of the projects given by the University of the Basque Country (GIU 20/028 Junta de Andalucía (B-FQM-734-UGR20, ProyExcel_00386 and FQM-394), the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) (PGC2018-102052-B-C21) and the CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020 and UIDP/50011/2020).Due to the fast, emerging development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the need for novel, efficient routes to battle these pathogens is crucial; in this scenario, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for combating them effectively. Herein, a novel Cu-MOF—namely 1—that displays the formula [Cu3L2(DMF)2]n (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) is described, synthesized by the combination of copper(II) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (H3L)—both having well-known antibacterial properties. The resulting three-dimensional structure motivated us to study the antibacterial activity, adsorptive capacity and processability of the MOF in the form of pellets and membranes as a proof-of-concept to evaluate its future application in devices.Government of the Basque Country for the predoctoral fellowship and R.F.M for the Junior Research Position CEECIND/00553/2017Juan de la Cierva Incorporación Fellowship (grant agreement no. IJC2019-038894-I)SGIker of UPV/EHUEuropean funding (ERDF and ESF)University of the Basque Country (GIU 20/028 Junta de Andalucía (B-FQM-734-UGR20, ProyExcel_00386 and FQM-394)Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) (PGC2018-102052-B-C21)CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020 and UIDP/50011/2020

RESPUESTA DE LA SANDÍA (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) A LAS TÉCNICAS DE BIOFUMIGACIÓN Y SOLARIZACIÓN DEL SUELO

El sector agrícola en México aumentó considerablemente su superficie debido al incremento en la demanda de alimentos por los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica; de ahí la importancia de validar diferentes técnicas de manejo de cultivos, buscando incrementar la producción hortícola. La implementación de técnicas como la biofumigación y la solarización del suelo, constituyen una alternativa en la explotación hortícola. El presente trabajo se realizó en el campo experimental del Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería de la Universidad de Sonora de julio a diciembre de 2006. Se evaluó el efecto de la solarización del suelo y la biofumigación (incorporación de brócoli como materia orgánica) más solarización, en el cultivo de sandía (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai). En cuanto al rendimiento total del cultivo y el peso del fruto, se observó un incremento con el uso de la combinación de ambas técnicas (biofumigación más solarización). En cuanto a la concentración de sólidos solubles y la firmeza del fruto, ambas técnicas no influyeron en la calidad del fruto. En lo referente al muestreo de fitopatógenos del suelo, el uso de la solarización, al igual que su interacción con la biofumigación, redujo considerablemente la presencia de Fusarium. En cuanto a la evaluación de las malezas, la implementación de la solarización del suelo controló eficazmente la presencia de las mismas

Evolution of COVID-19 pregnancies treated with nitazoxanide in a third-level hospital.

Background Nitazoxanide shows adequate in vitro activity against coronavirus. The aim of this study was to describe the behavior of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women treated with nitazoxanide. Methodology This cross-sectional study included the files of COVID-19 positive pregnant women treated with nitazoxanide 500 mg every 6 hours, levofloxacin every 12 hours, and clarithromycin 500 mg every 12 hours. Results The data of 51 women (mean age: 27.4 ± 7.2 years) were analyzed. Eleven (21.56%) patients had to receive medical attention in the intensive care unit. There were 22 (43.13%) preterm deliveries, 21 by cesarean and one by vaginal delivery. The medical attention of this population was as follows: 31 cesareans, five vaginal deliveries, nine still pregnant, two requiring manual vacuum aspiration, two ectopic pregnancies, one requiring curettage, and one requiring hysterotomy. There were seven (13.72%) cases of preeclampsia, and there were two (3.92%) deaths. Conclusion Nitazoxanide prescription could be an option against COVID-19 in pregnancy due to its safety profile

Diseño de un sistema de control interno para la optimización de recursos y control de gastos de la ferretería DISENSA del municipio de Atiquizaya departamento de Ahuachapán

Empresa muy reconocida, dedicada a la venta de materiales de construcción, pisos cerámicos, techos, laminas, tubos de hierro y otros accesorios para la construcción. Debido al crecimiento del negocio, el número de empleados y la magnitud de productos que posee es indispensable tener una eficiente gestión administrativa. Por tal razón es necesario que exista una adecuada organización y funcionamiento que permita lograr sus objetivos, para ello es imprescindible que se cuente con mecanismos de implementación que ayuden a realizar las actividades administrativas y operativas en forma eficiente utilizando adecuadamente los recursos disponibles además de analizar la situación actual

Application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the Course "Industrial Chemical Technology" of the Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering

[EN] This paper describes the application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the subject "Industrial Chemical Technology" of the Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering from the Universitat Politécnica de València (UPV). This course includes contents related to the Basic Operations of Chemical Engineering, not previously studied by most students. This fact, together with the difficulties associated with the management of 300 students have conditioned the type of methodologies that can be applied and, therefore, the level of depth at which the contents can be developed. Therefore, the main methodology applied so far has been the participative masterclass, with problem solving in the classroom. Although the results in terms of percentage of students who pass the course are very satisfactory, the approach to learning is superficial in some aspects and teachers believe that it should be adapted to master's level. To achieve deeper learning of students in the contents of the course, it has been decided to partially modify the methodology, integrating Problem-Based Learning (ABP). This new methodology will consist of grouped resolution of problems integrated into the same real industrial process, which will allow students to also acquire a more global view of the contents covered in the course. The level of the problems will be increased compared to those solved in the classroom and students will be required to search, select and justify additional data and information to solve the problems that will also be multidisciplinary. All this innovation is part of an Innovation and Educational Improvement Project granted and funded by the ¿Vicerrectorado de Estudios, Calidad y Acreditación (VECA)¿ of the UPV. This work describes how the PBL has been defined for implementation in the course and analyses the results achieved to date, identifying the aspects to be improved for the continuation of the methodology in the following academic years.This work has been funded by the Vicerrectorado de Estudios, Calidad y Acreditación (VECA of the Universitat Politécnica València (A + D Call for Innovation and Educational Improvement Projects)Sancho, M.; García-Fayos, B.; Garcia-Castello, EM.; Martí Calatayud, MC.; Rodríguez López, AD.; Bes-Piá, M.; Mendoza Roca, JA.... (2021). Application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the Course "Industrial Chemical Technology" of the Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering. IATED. 3740-3747. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.0775S3740374

Alcohol consumption and school violence in school adolescents

Objetivo: conocer la relación entre el consumo de alcohol y violencia escolar en adolescentes escolarizados. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional en una muestra de 222 estudiantes de secundaria, se utilizó muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Cuestionario de Identificación de Desórdenes por Uso de Alcohol (AUDIT) y Escala de Conducta Delictiva y Violenta en el aula (ECV). Los datos fueron procesados en el programa SPSS versión 22. Se utilizó coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y la prueba H de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: se encontró una correlación positiva entre el consumo de alcohol y la violencia escolar (p<.001). Los patrones de consumo de alcohol mostraron diferencias significativas con la violencia escolar, conducta violenta y victimización (p = .006, p = .003 y p = 0.43, respectivamente). Conclusión: existe asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la violencia escolar en los adolescentes de secundaria, es preciso atender a esta población, debido a su vulnerabilidad de presentar conductas adictivas que se atribuye a conductas violentas en las aulas.Objective: to know the relationship between alcohol consumption and school violence in school adolescents. Method: quantitative, descriptive and correlational study in a sample of 222 high school students, using stratified probability sampling. The instruments used were: Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Questionnaire (AUDIT) and Crime and Violence in the Classroom Scale (CCS). The data were processed in the SPSS version 22 program. Spearman's correlation coefficient and Kruskal Wallis' H-test were used. Results: A positive correlation was found between alcohol consumption and school violence (p < .001). Drinking patterns showed significant differences with school violence, violent behavior, and victimization (p = .006, p = .003, and p = 0.43, respectively). Conclusion: there is an association between alcohol consumption and school violence in secondary school adolescents. This population needs to be addressed, due to its vulnerability to presenting addictive behaviors that are attributed to violent behavior in the classroom

El uso del algeblocks como estrategia didáctica para la enseñanza del Álgebra en alumnos y alumnas de Octavo Grado en cinco Centros Escolares del municipio de Ilobasco, departamento de Cabañas

El Algeblocks como una estrategia didáctica para enseñar Álgebra, es por ello que se realizó la investigación con el tema el uso del Algeblocks como estrategia didáctica para la enseñanza del Álgebra en alumnos y alumnas de octavo grado en cinco centros escolares del Municipio de Ilobasco departamento de Cabañas. El estudio surge debido a la necesidad de buscar estrategias que ayuden a mejorar la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Matemática en Álgebra ya que en la actualidad existe un promedio muy bajo en los resultados obtenidos por el ministerio de educación a nivel nacional en esta asignatura. Por esa razón se presenta un objetivo general y tres objetivos específicos que plantean el alcance que se tendrá, en la justificación se describe la importancia del uso del Algeblocks, en el planteamiento del problema se presenta el enunciado, el marco teórico contiene la fundamentación de la investigación y antecedentes históricos del Algeblocks en la enseñanza de la Matemática y la descripción del material manipulable con sus dimensiones en las cuatro operaciones básicas en Algebra. La recolección de la información se hizo por medio virtual, el cual las encuestas fueron dirigidas a cinco maestros y una muestra de ciento setenta y uno estudiantes de los cinco centros escolares. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en la investigación se concluye que el uso del Algeblocks, incide de forma positiva en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Se recomienda a los docentes de matemática que implementen el uso del Algeblocks como una estrategia didáctica. The Algeblocks as a didactic strategy to teach Algebra, that is why the research was carried out on the topic the use of Algeblocks as a didactic strategy for teaching Algebra in eighth grade students in five schools in the Municipality of Ilobasco department of Cabins The study arises due to the need to seek strategies that help improve the teaching-learning of Mathematics in Algebra since at present there is a very low average in the results obtained by the Ministry of Education at the national level in this subject. For this reason, a general objective and three specific objectives are presented that propose the scope that will be had, in the justification the importance of the use of Algeblocks is described, in the statement of the problem the statement is presented, the theoretical framework contains the foundation of the Research and historical background of the Algeblocks in the teaching of Mathematics and the description of the manipulable material with its dimensions in the four basic operations in Algebra. The information was collected through virtual means, in which the surveys were directed to five teachers and a sample of one hundred and seventy-one students from the five schools. According to the results obtained in the investigation, it is concluded that the use of Algeblocks has a positive impact on student learning. Math teachers are encouraged to implement the use of Algeblocks as a teaching strategy