Análisis de eficiencia en los procesos de las fábricas artesanales de muebles de madera

La presente investigación utiliza una metodología cualitativa, ya que emplea el método inductivo mediante el análisis de un caso en particular para plantear un modelo a negocios con similares características, analiza el caso particular de la Mueblería “Muebles Deco-Arte Hogar” basados en la aplicación general de la literatura empleada por diferentes autores en otras investigaciones, en el que se analizan sus procesos de producción con el sistema de control de calidad y se propone un nuevo proceso eficiente de optimización en el área de producción y su organización del recurso humano y demás recursos para la producción de muebles

La influencia de la personalidad en los estilos de liderazgo

El presente trabajo plantea determinar si el tipo de liderazgo desarrollado por una persona para dirigir una organización o un grupo de trabajo, está determinado por la personalidad del individuo y de cómo se puede adaptar con las personalidades de sus subalternos para desarrollar actividades organizadas y direccionadas al éxito y cumplimiento de los objetivos planteados. Para lo cual se ha realizado una revisión literaria de diferentes investigaciones contraponiendo resultados y desde una perspectiva cualitativa determinar si el liderazgo de un líder está definido por la personalidad. Las personas que tienen tipos de personalidad orientados a tareas tienden a tener una considerable atención en los detalles. Ellos no se sienten cómodos de iniciar una acción hasta que están satisfechos que tienen todos los elementos necesarios. Por otro lado, las personas que tienen relaciones orientado a los tipos de personalidad tienden a tener un interés considerable en el resultado y se sienten cómodos de iniciar una acción de planta cuando tienen sólo los hechos esenciales (Blake & Mouton, 1982). Por lo tanto, es importante para un líder entender la personalidad y ajustar con precisión el estilo de liderazgo a la situación de la gestión. (Bass, 1990).Palabras claves: Contrato Psicológico, Compromiso organizacional, liderazg

Impacto del desarrollo urbanístico en el sector rural del municipio de Anapoima

Evaluar la incidencia del desarrollo urbanístico en la reducción del sector rural y las zonas de cultivo en la región del Tequendama en el municipio de AnapoimaEl desarrollo urbanístico en el municipio de Anapoima ha generado un impacto para el sector rural específicamente para los campesinos que se han visto envueltos en esta transición económica que está tomando el municipio en cuestión. Según el plan de desarrollo en Anapoima se localizan suelos con pendientes que varían entre el 2% y el 20%, que favorecen actividades agrícolas especialmente los cultivos frutales, café y de caña, además de actividades pecuarias, donde nos permite cuestionar ¿se estarían aprovechando dichos suelos para el cultivo?The urban development in the municipality of Anapoima has generated an impact for the rural sector specifically for the farmers who have been involved in this economic transition that the municipality in question is taking. According to the development plan in Anapoima, soils with slopes varying between 2% and 20% are located, which favor agricultural activities, especially fruit, coffee and cane crops, as well as livestock activities, where we can question whether they would be taking advantage of said soils for cultivation

Impacto del desarrollo urbanístico en el sector rural del municipio de Anapoima

Evaluar la incidencia del desarrollo urbanístico en la reducción del sector rural y las zonas de cultivo en la región del Tequendama en el municipio de AnapoimaEl desarrollo urbanístico en el municipio de Anapoima ha generado un impacto para el sector rural específicamente para los campesinos que se han visto envueltos en esta transición económica que está tomando el municipio en cuestión. Según el plan de desarrollo en Anapoima se localizan suelos con pendientes que varían entre el 2% y el 20%, que favorecen actividades agrícolas especialmente los cultivos frutales, café y de caña, además de actividades pecuarias, donde nos permite cuestionar ¿se estarían aprovechando dichos suelos para el cultivo?The urban development in the municipality of Anapoima has generated an impact for the rural sector specifically for the farmers who have been involved in this economic transition that the municipality in question is taking. According to the development plan in Anapoima, soils with slopes varying between 2% and 20% are located, which favor agricultural activities, especially fruit, coffee and cane crops, as well as livestock activities, where we can question whether they would be taking advantage of said soils for cultivation

El Balanced Scorecard en el Desarrollo de los Negocios Familiares

Family businesses are the oldest business units in the business world, these types of businesses are of great importance within a country because they boost the economy and employment results. The subsistence of this type of long-term business is very important, however, a large part of this type of family business fails before reaching the age of 5. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement the network management system to identify problems and help improve, the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is the most appropriate management tool to solve problems and help manage this type of organizations. The present work is a literary review of high impact research can be determined in the BSC as the best option at the time of planning and control of activities in organizations, improving expectations of sustainability and growth in organizations.Las empresas familiares son las unidades de negocio más antiguas en el mundo empresarial, este tipo de empresas son de gran importancia dentro de un país porque dinamizan la economía y generan empleo. La subsistencia de este tipo de empresas a largo plazo es muy importante, sin embargo, gran parte de este tipo de negocios familiares llegan a fracasar antes de cumplir los 5 años de vida. Por ello es necesario el desarrollo e implementación de un sistema de gestión que logre identificar los problemas y ayude a mejorarlos, el Balanced Scorecard (BSC) es la herramienta de gestión más adecuada para solucionar problemas y ayudar a gestionar este tipo de organizaciones. El presente trabajo realizo una revisión literaria de investigaciones de alto impacto, permitiendo determinar al BSC como la mejor opción al momento de realizar la planificación y control de las actividades en las organizaciones, mejorando las expectativas de sostenibilidad y crecimiento en las organizaciones

Crecimiento económico ligado al desarrollo del emprendimiento social

El presente trabajo exponemos el emprendimiento social como un modelo de negocio viable, considerando los aportes de diferentes autores en cuanto al logro del desarrollo de la misión y valor social al cual se comprometen estos emprendedores y el tipo de modelo en que se puede dividir un emprendimiento social conocido como emprendimiento social hibrido, un sector que se ve afectado positivamente con el desarrollo de este tipo de emprendimientos sociales es la economía, aquí se revisará brevemente cuales son los factores que impulsan o afectan al crecimiento económico, y como se relaciona el emprendimiento social desde la perspectiva económica. Palabras Clave: Emprendimiento social, crecimiento económico, cambio social, oportunidades, emprendimiento social hibrido

Influence of chronic ocular hypertension on emmetropia: Refractive, structural and functional study in two rat models

Chronic ocular hypertension (OHT) influences on refraction in youth and causes glaucoma in adulthood. However, the origin of the responsible mechanism is unclear. This study analyzes the effect of mild-moderate chronic OHT on refraction and neuroretina (structure and function) in young-adult Long-Evans rats using optical coherence tomography and electroretinography over 24 weeks. Data from 260 eyes were retrospectively analyzed in two cohorts: an ocular normotension (ONT) cohort (20 mmHg), in which OHT was induced either by sclerosing the episcleral veins (ES group) or by injecting microspheres into the anterior chamber. A trend toward emmetropia was found in both cohorts over time, though it was more pronounced in the OHT cohort (p < 0.001), especially in the ES group (p = 0.001) and males. IOP and refraction were negatively correlated at week 24 (p = 0.010). The OHT cohort showed early thickening in outer retinal sectors (p < 0.050) and the retinal nerve fiber layer, which later thinned. Electroretinography demonstrated early supranormal amplitudes and faster latencies that later declined. Chronic OHT accelerates emmetropia in Long–Evans rat eyes towards slowly progressive myopia, with an initial increase in structure and function that reversed over time. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Fine-scale predictions of distributions of Chagas disease vectors in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico

One of the most daunting challenges for Chagas disease surveillance and control in Mexico is the lack of community level data on vector distributions. Although many states now have assembled representative domestic triatomine collections, only two triatomine specimens had been collected and reported previously from the state of Guanajuato. Field personnel from the stateÕs Secretarõ´a de Salud conducted health promotion activities in 43 of the 46 counties in the state and received donations of a total of 2,522 triatomine specimens between 1998 and 2002. All specimens were identiÞed, and live insects examined for Trypanosoma cruzi. In an effort to develop Þne-scale distributional data for Guanajuato, collection localities were georeferenced and ecological niches were modeled for each species by using evolutionary-computing approaches. Five species were collected: Triatoma mexicana (Herrich-Schaeffer), Triatoma longipennis (Usinger), Triatoma pallidipennis (Stål), Triatoma barberi (Usinger), and Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille) from 201 communities located at elevations of 870Ð2,200 m. Based on collection success, T. mexicana had the broadest dispersion, although niche mapping indicates that T. barberi represents the greatest risk for transmission of Chagas disease in the state. T. dimidiata was represented in collections by a single adult collected from one village outside the predicted area for all species. For humans, an estimated 3,755,380 individuals are at risk for vector transmission in the state, with an incidence of 3,500 new cases per year; overall seroprevalences of 2.6% indicate that 97,640 individuals are infected with T. cruzi at present, including 29,300 chronic cases

Novel use of plga microspheres to create an animal model of glaucoma with progressive neuroretinal degeneration

Progressive degeneration of neuroretinal tissue with maintained elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) to simulate chronic glaucoma was produced by intracameral injections of poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres (Ms) in rat eyes. The right eye of 39 rats received different sizes of PLGA-Ms (2 µL suspension; 10% w/v): 14 with 38–20 µm Ms (Ms38/20 model) and 25 with 20–10 µm particles (Ms20/10 model). This novel glaucoma animal model was compared to the episcleral vein sclerosis (EPI) model (25 eyes). Injections were performed at baseline, two, four and six weeks. Clinical signs, IOP, retina and optic nerve thicknesses (using in vivo optical coherence tomography; OCT), and histological studies were performed. An IOP increment was observed in all three groups, however, the values obtained from the PLGA-Ms injection resulted lower with a better preservation of the ocular surface. In fact, the injection of Ms20/10 created a gentler, more progressive, and more sustained increase in IOP. This IOP alteration was correlated with a significant decrease in most OCT parameters and in histological ganglion-cell count for the three conditions throughout the eight-week follow-up. In all cases, progressive degeneration of the retina, retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve, simulating chronic glaucoma, was detected by OCT and corroborated by histological study. Results showed an alternative glaucoma model to the well-known episcleral vein model, which was simpler to perform, more reproducible and easier to monitor in vivo

Chronic glaucoma using biodegradable microspheres to induce intraocular pressure elevation. Six-month follow-up

Background: To compare two prolonged animal models of glaucoma over 24 weeks of follow-up. A novel pre-trabecular model of chronic glaucoma was achieved by injection of biodegradable poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres (10–20 µm) (Ms20/10) into the ocular anterior chamber to progressively increase ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: Rat right eyes were injected to induce OHT: 50% received a suspension of Ms20/10 in the anterior chamber at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks, and the other 50% received a sclerosing episcleral vein injection biweekly (EPIm). Ophthalmological clinical signs, intraocular pressure (IOP), neuroretinal functionality measured by electroretinography (ERG), and structural analysis of the retina, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) protocols using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histological exams were performed. Results: Both models showed progressive neuroretinal degeneration (p < 0.05), and contralateral eye affectation. The Ms20/10 model showed a more progressive increase in IOP and better preservation of ocular surface. Although no statistical differences were found between models, the EPIm showed a tendency to produce thicker retinal and thinner GCL thicknesses, slower latency and smaller amplitude as measured using ERG, and more aggressive disturbances in retinal histology. In both models, while the GCL showed the greatest percentage loss of thickness, the RNFL showed the greatest and earliest rate of thickness loss. Conclusions: The intracameral model with biodegradable microspheres resulted more like the conditions observed in humans. It was obtained by a less-aggressive mechanism, which allows for adequate study of the pathology over longer periods. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland