What Makes Agile Test Artifacts Useful? An Activity-Based Quality Model from a Practitioners' Perspective

Background: The artifacts used in Agile software testing and the reasons why these artifacts are used are fairly well-understood. However, empirical research on how Agile test artifacts are eventually designed in practice and which quality factors make them useful for software testing remains sparse. Aims: Our objective is two-fold. First, we identify current challenges in using test artifacts to understand why certain quality factors are considered good or bad. Second, we build an Activity-Based Artifact Quality Model that describes what Agile test artifacts should look like. Method: We conduct an industrial survey with 18 practitioners from 12 companies operating in seven different domains. Results: Our analysis reveals nine challenges and 16 factors describing the quality of six test artifacts from the perspective of Agile testers. Interestingly, we observed mostly challenges regarding language and traceability, which are well-known to occur in non-Agile projects. Conclusions: Although Agile software testing is becoming the norm, we still have little confidence about general do's and don'ts going beyond conventional wisdom. This study is the first to distill a list of quality factors deemed important to what can be considered as useful test artifacts

Analytical methods of phytochemicals from the Cuphea genus : a review

Cuphea genus (Lythraceae) comprises about 260 species. The dispersion of the genus occurs in two mains geographic centers: North and South America, with Brazil being the most Cuphea species-rich country, with approximately 104 identified species. Still poorly studied, the number of papers about genus has been growing considerably. However, a review of its analytical methods has not been previously performed. Therefore, this review aims to provide studies about different chromatographic methods used for the separation, elucidation, and identification of metabolites present in species of the Cuphea genus. Research in scientific databases like Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were managed, and all references were analyzed. This review covers the relevant literature until May 2021, totalizing 22 studies described on 12 species of Cuphea. Most methods were employed for chemical analysis, and just one of them was validated for quantification purposes. Thus, this review provides a brief overview of the different chromatographic methods used in the separation, elucidation, and identification of compounds on different species of the Cuphea genus

Development and validation of a new analytical method based on UV-visible spectroscopy for quantification of ceftaroline fosamil in powder for injection

Quantification of drugs is an essential part for ensuring quality, safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical formulations. For this, validated methods must be used in order to guarantee analytical reliability during monitoring in clinical studies and quality control. In the present study, we aim to develop a reliable, accurate, accessible and rapid UV-VIS spectrophotometry method for quantification of ceftaroline fosamil in powder for intravenous administration. Each analyzed solution was prepared individually and the only reagent used was Milli-Q water, as a solvent, making the method eco-friendly. The absorbances were measured at 242 nm, the peak absorbance found for the drug. The developed method was validated according to ICH and ANVISA guidelines, proving to be specific and demonstrating good linearity in the concentration range of 5 μg.mL-1 to 15 μg.mL-1, with determination (r2) and correlation coefficients (r) equal to 0.9999. The limits of detection and quantification found were acceptable (0.51 μg.mL-1 and 1.55 μg.mL-1, respectively).  The method exhibited excellent intermediate precision and repeatability, with relative standard deviation values of 0.87% and 0.98%, respectively. Furthermore, the method’s accuracy was confirmed, showing a mean recovery of 100 ± 2.67%. Additionally, the robustness was assayed and confirmed using Plackett-Burmann design. In conclusion, the method can easily be applied for routine quality control analysis

Analytical methods of phytochemicals from the Cuphea genus - A review

Cuphea genus (Lythraceae) comprises about 260 species. The dispersion of the genus occurs in two mains geographic centers: North and South America, with Brazil being the most Cuphea species-rich country, with approximately 104 identified species. Still poorly studied, the number of papers about genus has been growing considerably. However, a review of its analytical methods has not been previously performed. Therefore, this review aims to provide studies about different chromatographic methods used for the separation, elucidation, and identification of metabolites present in species of the Cuphea genus. Research in scientific databases like Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were managed, and all references were analyzed. This review covers the relevant literature until May 2021, totalizing 22 studies described on 12 species of Cuphea. Most methods were employed for chemical analysis, and just one of them was validated for quantification purposes. Thus, this review provides a brief overview of the different chromatographic methods used in the separation, elucidation, and identification of compounds on different species of the Cuphea genus

Development and validation of a new analytical method based on UV-visible spectroscopy for quantification of ceftaroline fosamil in powder for injection

Quantification of drugs is an essential part for ensuring quality, safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical formulations. For this, validated methods must be used in order to guarantee analytical reliability during monitoring in clinical studies and quality control. In the present study, we aim to develop a reliable, accurate, accessible and rapid UV-VIS spectrophotometry method for quantification of ceftaroline fosamil in powder for intravenous administration. Each analyzed solution was prepared individually and the only reagent used was Milli-Q water, as a solvent, making the method eco-friendly. The absorbances were measured at 242 nm, the peak absorbance found for the drug. The developed method was validated according to ICH and ANVISA guidelines, proving to be specific and demonstrating good linearity in the concentration range of 5 μg.mL-1 to 15 μg.mL-1, with determination (r2) and correlation coefficients (r) equal to 0.9999. The limits of detection and quantification found were acceptable (0.51 μg.mL-1 and 1.55 μg.mL-1, respectively). The method exhibited excellent intermediate precision and repeatability, with relative standard deviation values of 0.87% and 0.98%, respectively. Furthermore, the method’s accuracy was confirmed, showing a mean recovery of 100 ± 2.67%. Additionally, the robustness was assayed and confirmed using Plackett-Burmann design. In conclusion, the method can easily be applied for routine quality control analysis

Comparison between UV spectrophotometric and capillary electrophoresis methods for determination of rabeprazole sodium in pharmaceutical formulations

Rabeprazole sodium (RAB) is an anti-secretory agent which inhibits the enzyme H+ /K+ ATPase, present in the stomach parietal cells. The aim of this work is to develop and validate a simple and fast ultraviolet spectrophotometric method (UV) for quantification of RAB in pharmaceutical formulation and compare it with a capillary electrophoresis (CE) one, previously validated. The UV technique was applied using water (pH 10.0) as diluent and the determinations were made at λ = 291 nm. The method showed good linearity (r = 0.9997) in the concentration range of 6.0 to 18.0 μg ml-1 .(The intra- and interday precision data demonstrated the method has good repeatability (RSD = 0.52 and 0.82, respectively . Accuracy and specificity were also evaluated and results were satisfactory. The detection and quantitation limits were 0.32 and 0.95 μg ml-1 , respectively. Both methods demonstrated to be adequate for the intended purpose.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Comparison between UV spectrophotometric and capillary electrophoresis methods for determination of rabeprazole sodium in pharmaceutical formulations

Rabeprazole sodium (RAB) is an anti-secretory agent which inhibits the enzyme H+ /K+ ATPase, present in the stomach parietal cells. The aim of this work is to develop and validate a simple and fast ultraviolet spectrophotometric method (UV) for quantification of RAB in pharmaceutical formulation and compare it with a capillary electrophoresis (CE) one, previously validated. The UV technique was applied using water (pH 10.0) as diluent and the determinations were made at λ = 291 nm. The method showed good linearity (r = 0.9997) in the concentration range of 6.0 to 18.0 μg ml-1 .(The intra- and interday precision data demonstrated the method has good repeatability (RSD = 0.52 and 0.82, respectively . Accuracy and specificity were also evaluated and results were satisfactory. The detection and quantitation limits were 0.32 and 0.95 μg ml-1 , respectively. Both methods demonstrated to be adequate for the intended purpose.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire