Effect of dietary bile extracts on serum response of astaxanthin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a preliminary study

Effects of porcine bile extracts added at three different dietary concentrations 0, 10 and 20 g kg)1 were studied on astaxanthin serum concentration in rainbow trout (mean weight 200 ± 7 g). Astaxanthin from micro-algae Haematococcus pluvialis and synthetic astaxanthin (CAROPHYLL pink) were incorporated in diets of rainbow trout at a rate of 100 mg astaxanthin kg)1 of feed. Fish were hand fed twice a day. After 5 days of feeding there was a significant effect of the pigment source on the ratio (total blood astaxanthin per unit body weight to cumulative astaxanthin intake per unit body weight). Trout receiving synthetic astaxanthin showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher ratio than trout fed algal astaxanthin. Increasing dietary bile extract did not lead to produce any effect on this ratio. The power of the statistical analysis is discussed. Therefore, the interaction (pigment source · dietary bile concentration) showed no more effect

Bennettitales, Erdtmanithecales and Gnetales from the Early Cretaceous of the Lusitanian Basin (western Portugal)

This paper presents a synthesis of the occurrence of extinct gymnosperms related to the Bennettitales, Erdtmanithecales and Gnetales group and discusses the stratigraphic setting of previously described specimens. These plants are represented by small fossil seeds collected from Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian to Lower Albian) fluvial siliciclastic deposits of the Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal, and probably constitute a monophyletic group, the BEG complex. The fossil seeds are composed of an innermost membranous nucellus preserved as a delicate cuticle. The nucellus is evolved by a membranous integument surrounded by a sclerenchymatic outer envelope. Plants from the BEG complex were contemporary of the earliest angiosperm having shared ecosystems with similar environmental characteristics, what reinforces its paleoecological importance

Evaluation of different cell disruption processes on encysted cells of Haematococcus pluvialis: effects on astaxanthin recovery and implications for bio-availability

Although Haematococcus pluvialis is one of the most importantnatural sources of the carotenoid astaxanthin as a pigmentor for theaquaculture industry, the thick sporopollenin cell wall in the cysts hindersastaxanthin extraction and its subsequent bio-availability to fish. A rangeof physical and chemical processes were tested to promote the disruptionof the encysted cells. The efficacy of these processes was evaluated interms of astaxanthin recovery, which was assessed by determining theextent of leaching of astaxanthin into an organic solvent. The processestested were: autoclave 30 min, 121 °C, 1 atm; HCl 0.1 M, 15min and 30 min; NaOH 0.1 M, 15 min and 30 min; enzymatictreatment with a mixture of 0.1% protease K and 0.5% driselase in aphosphate buffer, pH 5.8, 30 °C, for one hour; spray drying, inlet180 °C, outlet 115 °C; and mechanical disruption, with acell homogeniser developed for this purpose. The mechanical(homogenisation) and autoclave treatments were the most effective in termsof extraction and availability

A PRÁTICA DOCENTE COMO AÇÃO POLÍTICA: UM OLHAR HISTÓRICO

This article discusses contemporary educational trends regarding teaching and that points ways to teacher pedagogic practice. The objective is to make clear that the existence of these trends does not constitute a particularity of our time, but, in the contrary, that in all historical periods there have been projects aiming at finding solutions for education. However, what is now presented is a brief retrospective of modern educational proposals, after that an analysis of contemporary proposals, especially those that have appeared since the XIX century. The theme which guides our approach is the understanding of educational ideas within their historical context and, effectively,to analyze them as an expression of political trends at a given time.Este artigo tem como prop&oacute;sito discutir as tend&ecirc;ncias contempor&acirc;neas da Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o que apontam caminhos para a pr&aacute;tica pedag&oacute;gica do docente. O intuito &eacute; explicitar que a exist&ecirc;ncias dessas tend&ecirc;ncias n&atilde;o constitui uma particularidade de nossa &eacute;poca, mas, ao contr&aacute;rio, em todas as &eacute;pocas hist&oacute;ricas existiram projetos buscando solu&ccedil;&otilde;es para a educa&ccedil;&atilde;o. Contudo, o que ora se apresenta no texto &eacute; uma breve retrospectiva de propostas educativas na modernidade para, em seguida, analisarmos com vagar, as contempor&acirc;neas, especificamente aquelas que surgiram a partir do s&eacute;culo XIX. O fio condutor que norteia nossa abordagem &eacute; o entendimento das id&eacute;ias educacionais dentro de seu contexto hist&oacute;rico e, efetivamente, analis&aacute;-las como express&atilde;o de tend&ecirc;ncias pol&iacute;ticas de um dado momento

The influence of light and culture media on the growth of the red seaweed Gracilaria gracilis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales) under laboratory conditions

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Notes on mating behaviour and a possible new host plant for megacyllene angulata (Fabricius, 1775) (cerambycidae, coleoptera)

The mating behavior of M. angulata (Fabricius, 1775) is described, illustrated and discussed. Additionally, we also comment on the possible new host plant of this species based on two plants (Luehea cymulosa Spruce ex Benth. (Malvaceae) and Doliocarpus dentatus (Aubl.) Standl (Dilleniaceae) on which copulation occurs. © 2020, Universidade de Sao Paulo. All rights reserved

Reproduction of the blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus, in western Portugal: microscopic gonad analysis reveals indeterminate fecundity and skipped spawning patterns

Blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus, is the fifth most landed fish species in mainland Portugal, but information on its reproductive biology is scarce. From September 2018 to August 2019, 626 specimens were collected from commercial vessels to clarify the reproductive strategy of the T. picturatus population off the west coast of Portugal. The proportion and length range of males and females were similar. Only three of the specimens collected were categorized as immature, indicating that the fish caught in the fishery are primarily mature. The spawning season lasted from late January until the end of March, with gonadosomatic indices being similar for males and females. Fecundity was indeterminate, and estimated batch fecundity ranged between 6,798 (at 25.4 cm TL) and 302,358 oocytes (at 33.8 cm TL). The low number of females showing direct evidence of imminent or recent spawning suggests a low number of spawning events. In addition, 12.7% of females were considered non-reproductive due to ovary abnormalities including parasitic infection by Kudoa species, atretic structures and skipped spawning events. This study highlights the importance of accounting for skipped spawning events and ovary abnormalities in the management of species fisheries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio