New geochemical and isotopic constraints on the genesis of the Oliveira Azeméis granitoid melts (Porto-Tomar Shear Zone, Iberian Variscan Chain, Central-Western Portugal).

The Porto-Tomar Shear Zone (PTSZ) is a very important tectonic structure that separates, in central-western Portugal, two of the major tectonic units of the Iberian Variscan Chain: the Ossa-Morena Zone, to the west, and the Central Iberian Zone, to the east. The Oliveira de Azeméis area lies in the northern sector of the PTZC and it is characterized by the occurrence of strongly deformed granitoids. Country rocks are dominantly pelitic metasediments which, according to recent geological mapping (Pereira et al., 2007), belong to the Precambrian Lourosa Formation and the Ordovician São João de Ver Formation. Using Rb-Sr whole-rock isotopic data, Pinto (1979) proposed an age of 379 12 Ma for the Oliveira de Azeméis granitoids. In this work, new results were obtained on these granitoids in the area between the villages of Travanca and Curval, especially in the Sacramento quarry. In this critical outcrop, strongly deformed two-mica granite (displaying S-C structures, with dextral NNW-SSE shear planes) pass into diatexites and metatexites with garnet, cordierite and sillimanite-bearing melanosomes. Leucosomes seem to have mainly granitic s.s. compositions, but cm-thick bands of leucotonalite were also found. Major element geochemistry of granite samples shows the following ranges: 71.4% SiO2 74.2%; 0.74% Fe2O3t 2.48%; 0.35% MgO 0.60%; 0.49% CaO 1.32%; 2.90% Na2O 3.11%; 4.70% K2O 5.47%; 1.17 ASI 1.36. Trace element data reveal a strong fractionation between highly incompatible LILE and less incompatible HFSE (248 PM normalized Rb/Y 671) and between LREE and HREE (18.6 PM normalized La/Lu 54.7). These features, in particular the peraluminous composition, the high K contents and the distinct rare-earth fractionation suggest that the Oliveira de Azeméis granites are mostly the result of partial melting of metasediments with a large pelitic component and that garnet is a likely residual phase. Isotope geochemistry data show that the previously reported isochron should not correspond to a true age since the 87Sr/86Sr(380Ma) obtained in the granite samples analysed in the present work are very low, varying from 0.6978 to 0.7063, with an average value of 0.7023, which are unrealistic in S-type granitic melts. Probably, the 380 Ma date is the consequence of mixing of different melt source components in the samples used in its calculation. Using the granite whole-rock samples collected in this work, a 328 28 Ma errorchron (MSWD=4.0; initial 87Sr/86Sr=0,7106 0.0045) is now obtained. Assuming a typical syn-tectonic Variscan age of 320 Ma for the studied granites, 87Sr/86Sr and "Nd range from 0.7100 to 0.7133 and from -6.5 to -7.9, respectively. A micaschist sample collected in this area displays 87Sr/86Sr(320Ma) = 0.7146 and "Nd(320Ma) = -9.2. Therefore, the Sr and Nd isotope composition agrees with the clearly dominance of a melt component derived by anatexis of a metapelitic source. Two samples of a garnet-bearing (and comparatively zircon-rich) diatexite show 87Sr/86Sr(320Ma) values (0.7120 and 0.7102) similar to those found in granites, but have higher "Nd(320Ma): -2.0 and -1.6. This may be explained by either (a) the involvement of a different source in the genesis of this diatexite or (b) the occurrence of Nd isotope disequilibrium during the melting process, with the preservation of high 143Nd/144Nd ratios in refractory phases such as garnet and/or zircon. A Rb-Sr wr-feldspar-biotite-muscovite isochron of 301.2 5.6 Ma (MSWD=0.42; initial 87Sr/86Sr=0,71516 0.00074) in a granite sample is interpreted as recording the final stage of the operation of the shear zone, which was accompanied by mica recrystallization. Funding: projects Petrochron (PTDC/CTE-GIX/112561/2009) and Geobiotec (PEst-C/CTE/UI4035/2011). References Pereira E. et allia (2007) – Carta Geológica 1/50000 de Oliveira de Azeméis. INETI, Lisboa. Pinto M.S. (1979) – PhD Thesis. Univ. Leed

Hukum Dan Konsumen Anak (Studi Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Penayangan Reality Show Di Televisi)

ABSTRACT Television programs that many developing nowadays, namely infotainment, variety shows, soap opera, quiz and reality show that is popular now. Several establishment of community characteristics arebased on the television programs which they watch. The producer television have to think whatthe television programandwho watch the show, not only think aboutthe existence of a reality show on the television. In particular, children are as a consumer watching a reality Show and the children protection becomes one of the tools to achieve compliance with the Declaration of Rights of Children in the 10thprinciple. The government should take a part in protecting the rights of children as the nation's future, though indirectly. The protection of the children can also be used as a solution barring broadcasts on television reality show. keywords : reality show, consumer, protection of childre

Renal lesions in deer (Cervus elaphus) - Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis involvelment

Renal lesions in deer (Cervus elaphus) - Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis involvelment

Granulomatous lesions and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in portuguese wild boars (Sus scrofa)

Granulomatous lesions and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in portuguese wild boars (Sus scrofa)

Study of the multi-species annihilating random walk transition at zero branching rate - cluster scaling behavior in a spin model

Numerical and theoretical studies of a one-dimensional spin model with locally broken spin symmetry are presented. The multi-species annihilating random walk transition found at zero branching rate previously is investigated now concerning the cluster behaviour of the underlying spins. Generic power law behaviors are found, besides the phase transition point, also in the active phase with fulfillment of the hyperscaling law. On the other hand scaling laws connecting bulk- and cluster exponents are broken - a possibility in no contradiction with basic scaling assumptions because of the missing absorbing phase.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, final form to appear in PRE Nov.200

Geochronology, isotope geochemistry and tectonomagmatic setting of the Lalezar granitoids (Urumieh-Dokhtar Volcanic Belt, Iran)

The Lalezar granitoids crop out within the Urumieh-Dokhtar Volcanic Belt, which is the largest volcanic belt in Central Iran. These granitoids have intruded into the Eocene volcano-sedimentary rocks and range from gabbro-diorites to granites in composition, with dominance of diorites and tonalites. Two of the least altered samples, 5-ln-7 and 23-ln-6, were selected for Rb–Sr geochronology. Biotite (Bt), hornblende (Hbl) and plagioclase (Pl) separates were obtained from both samples. For sample 5-ln-7, using the data from the whole-rock and the three mineral separates, a 87Sr/86Sr vs. 87Rb/86Sr correlation corresponding to a 14.6±5.8 Ma age is obtained, with initial 87Sr/86Sr=0.7055. However, the MSWD has a very large value (376). This is due to the fact that Hbl composition plots deviated from the alignement defined by WR, Pl and Bt, suggesting that some disturbance took place. Under the petrographic microscope, the amphibole grains in this sample show some low temperature alteration, as testified by chloritization and oxidation, which makes plausible that a late enrichment in radiogenic Sr could have affected hornblende. If Hbl is discarded, the result now is a 15.0±0.4 Ma Bt-Pl-WR isochron, with MSWD=2.4 and initial 87Sr/86Sr=0.70517. Considering the errors, both results (with and without Hbl) overlap, which suggests that there was Sr isotope equilibrium at an age of ca. 15 Ma (most likely during igneous crystallization). In the 87Sr/86Sr vs. 87Rb/86Sr diagram for sample 23-ln-6, the line obtained with Bt-Hbl-Pl-WR has a slope indicating an age of 15.8±1.6 Ma. The MSWD value is 18 and the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio is 0.70533. The MSWD shows that the correlation is not perfect, and, as in the previous case, it probably reflects some minor alteration; once again, Hbl plots above the line that passes through WR, Pl and Bt. Taking the errors into account, the ages calculated for 23-ln-6 and 5-ln-7 overlap each other, suggesting that this set of data is geochronologically meaningful. Therefore, and considering that the studied rocks are shallow intrusives which should have not undergone a long cooling period, the obtained 15-16 Ma ages are probably dating the intrusive events. For isotope geochemistry, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions were determined for 14 whole-rock samples. Assuming an age of 15 Ma, initial 87Sr/86Sr and εNd values vary in restricted ranges from 0.70495 to 0.70565 and from +3.1 to +1.5, respectively. In the εNdi versus (87Sr/86Sr)i diagram, this cluster plots to the right of the so-called mantle array and overlaps the field of island-arc basalts. The limited range of Sr and Nd isotopic compositions suggest that the Lalezar intrusions are co-genetic, deriving from the same parental magmas essentially by magmatic differentiation processes. Taking into account the IAB-like isotopic compositions of the studied rocks, the parental magmas may have been formed by partial melting in a supra-subduction mantle wedge. The occurrence of gabbrodioritic rocks in the Lalezar suite provides additional evidence in favour of an origin of the parental magmas by melting of mantle peridotites, rather than by melting of mafic crust

Pre-main-sequence Lithium Depletion

In this review I briefly discuss the theory of pre-main-sequence (PMS) Li depletion in low-mass (0.075<M<1.2 Msun) stars and highlight those uncertain parameters which lead to substantial differences in model predictions. I then summarise observations of PMS stars in very young open clusters, clusters that have just reached the ZAMS and briefly highlight recent developments in the observation of Li in very low-mass PMS stars.Comment: 8 pages, invited review at "Chemical abundances and mixing in stars in the Milky Way and its satellites", eds. L. Pasquini, S. Randich. ESO Astrophysics Symposium (Springer-Verlag

Novel universality class of absorbing transitions with continuously varying critical exponents

The well-established universality classes of absorbing critical phenomena are directed percolation (DP) and directed Ising (DI) classes. Recently, the pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD) has been investigated extensively and claimed to exhibit a new type of critical phenomena distinct from both DP and DI classes. Noticing that the PCPD possesses a long-term memory effect, we introduce a generalized version of the PCPD (GPCPD) with a parameter controlling the memory effect. The GPCPD connects the DP fixed point to the PCPD point continuously. Monte Carlo simulations show that the GPCPD displays novel type critical phenomena which are characterized by continuously varying critical exponents. The same critical behaviors are also observed in models where two species of particles are coupled cyclically. We suggest that the long-term memory may serve as a marginal perturbation to the ordinary DP fixed point.Comment: 13 pages + 10 figures (Full paper version

Professionalism, Golf Coaching and a Master of Science Degree: A commentary

As a point of reference I congratulate Simon Jenkins on tackling the issue of professionalism in coaching. As he points out coaching is not a profession, but this does not mean that coaching would not benefit from going through a professionalization process. As things stand I find that the stimulus article unpacks some critically important issues of professionalism, broadly within the context of golf coaching. However, I am not sure enough is made of understanding what professional (golf) coaching actually is nor how the development of a professional golf coach can be facilitated by a Master of Science Degree (M.Sc.). I will focus my commentary on these two issues

Pathogen-induced activation of disease-suppressive functions in the endophytic root microbiome

Microorganisms living inside plants can promote plant growth and health, but their genomic and functional diversity remain largely elusive. Here, metagenomics and network inference show that fungal infection of plant roots enriched for Chitinophagaceae and Flavobacteriaceae in the root endosphere and for chitinase genes and various unknown biosynthetic gene clusters encoding the production of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs). After strain-level genome reconstruction, a consortium of Chitinophaga and Flavobacterium was designed that consistently suppressed fungal root disease. Site-directed mutagenesis then revealed that a previously unidentified NRPS-PKS gene cluster from Flavobacterium was essential for disease suppression by the endophytic consortium. Our results highlight that endophytic root microbiomes harbor a wealth of as yet unknown functional traits that, in concert, can protect the plant inside out.Microbial Biotechnolog