Do young graduates with professional and vocational master's degrees regard themselves as competent to hold their jobs ?

En ligne sur http://www.cereq.fr/content/download/16090/129720/file/Trai118.pdfProfessional and vocational courses requiring 5 years' post-secondary study are supposed to meet specific needs for competences in a given area of employment. Young graduates believe they have acquired the specific competences they think their employers require. In their view, the shortfall lies in their general competences. Is this a reason to question the increasingly vocational nature of university courses

Intricate visibility effects from resolved emission of young stellar objects: the case of MWC158 observed with the VLTI

In the course of our VLTI young stellar object PIONIER imaging program, we have identified a strong visibility chromatic dependency that appeared in certain sources. This effect, rising value of visibilities with decreasing wavelengths over one base, is also present in previous published and archival AMBER data. For Herbig AeBe stars, the H band is generally located at the transition between the star and the disk predominance in flux for Herbig AeBe stars. We believe that this phenomenon is responsible for the visibility rise effect. We present a method to correct the visibilities from this effect in order to allow "gray" image reconstruction software, like Mira, to be used. In parallel we probe the interest of carrying an image reconstruction in each spectral channel and then combine them to obtain the final broadband one. As an illustration we apply these imaging methods to MWC158, a (possibly Herbig) B[e] star intensively observed with PIONIER. Finally, we compare our result with a parametric model fitted onto the data.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Molecular monitoring of plasmodium falciparum drug susceptibility at the time of the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy in Yaoundé, Cameroon: Implications for the future

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Regular monitoring of the levels of anti-malarial resistance of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>is an essential policy to adapt therapy and improve malaria control. This monitoring can be facilitated by using molecular tools, which are easier to implement than the classical determination of the resistance phenotype. In Cameroon, chloroquine (CQ), previously the first-line therapy for uncomplicated malaria was officially withdrawn in 2002 and replaced initially by amodiaquine (AQ) monotherapy. Then, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), notably artesunate-amodiaquine (AS-AQ) or artemether-lumefantrine (AL), was gradually introduced in 2004. This situation raised the question of the evolution of <it>P. falciparum </it>resistance molecular markers in Yaoundé, a highly urbanized Cameroonian city.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The genotype of <it>pfcrt </it>72 and 76 and <it>pfmdr1 </it>86 alleles and <it>pfmdr1 </it>copy number were determined using real-time PCR in 447 <it>P. falciparum </it>samples collected between 2005 and 2009.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This study showed a high prevalence of parasites with mutant <it>pfcrt </it>76 (83%) and <it>pfmdr1 </it>86 (93%) codons. On the contrary, no mutations in the <it>pfcrt </it>72 codon and no samples with duplication of the <it>pfmdr1 </it>gene were observed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The high prevalence of mutant <it>pfcrt </it>76T and <it>pfmdr1 </it>86Y alleles might be due to the choice of alternative drugs (AQ and AS-AQ) known to select such genotypes. Mutant <it>pfcrt </it>72 codon was not detected despite the prolonged use of AQ either as monotherapy or combined with artesunate. The absence of <it>pfmdr1 </it>multicopies suggests that AL would still remain efficient. The limited use of mefloquine or the predominance of mutant <it>pfmdr1 </it>86Y codon could explain the lack of <it>pfmdr1 </it>amplification. Indeed, this mutant codon is rarely associated with duplication of <it>pfmdr1 </it>gene. In Cameroon, the changes of therapeutic strategies and the simultaneous use of several formulations of ACT or other anti-malarials that are not officially recommended result in a complex selective pressure, rendering the prediction of the evolution of <it>P. falciparum </it>resistance difficult. This public health problem should lead to increased vigilance and regular monitoring.</p

Hydrogen recycling during RF plasma heating in the U-3M torsatron

The hydrogen recycling behavior has been studied during the plasma experiments in torsatron U-3M. For this purpose, the time dependence of the molecular hydrogen pressure in the U-3M torsatron vacuum chamber in the modes of RF wall conditioning and RF plasma heating has been measured. The experimental results show that the hydrogen pumping from the vacuum chamber runs at constant rate during the RF discharge for each mode. After RF power switching-off the inverse desorption of hydrogen, accumulated during the RF discharge in the vacuum chamber walls and helical coil surfaces, is observed. When the antenna anode voltages and the RF pulse duration in both modes are increasing, the character of the time dependences of hydrogen pressure does not change significantly.Изучено поведение рециклинга водорода во время плазменных экспериментов на торсатроне У-3М. Для этой цели было проведено измерение временных зависимостей давления водорода в вакуумной камере торсатрона У-3М в режимах ВЧ-чистки стенок камеры и ВЧ-нагрева плазмы. Экспериментальные результаты показали, что в обоих режимах во время ВЧ-разряда скорость откачки водорода из вакуумной камеры остается постоянной для каждого из режимов. После выключения ВЧ-мощности наблюдается обратная десорбция водорода, накопленного во время ВЧ-разряда в стенках вакуумной камеры и винтовых катушек. Повышение анодных напряжений на ВЧ-антеннах и увеличение длительности ВЧ-импульса существенно не влияют на характер временных зависимостей давления водорода.Вивчено поведінку рециклінгу водню під час плазмових експериментів на торсатроні У-3М. Для цієї мети було проведено вимірювання часових залежностей тиску водню у вакуумній камері торсатрона У-3М в режимах ВЧ-чистки стінок камери і ВЧ-нагріву плазми. Експериментальні результати показали, що в обох режимах під час ВЧ-розряду швидкість відкачування водню з вакуумної камери залишається постійною для кожного з режимів. Після виключення ВЧ-потужності спостерігається зворотна десорбція водню, накопиченого під час ВЧ-розряду в стінках вакуумної камери і гвинтових котушок. Підвищення анодних напруг на ВЧ-антенах і збільшення тривалості ВЧ-імпульсу істотно не впливають на характер тимчасових залежностей тиску водню

Vivax malaria in Mauritania includes infection of a Duffy-negative individual

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Duffy blood group polymorphisms are important in areas where <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>is present because this surface antigen is thought to act as a key receptor for this parasite. In the present study, Duffy blood group genotyping was performed in febrile uninfected and <it>P. vivax</it>-infected patients living in the city of Nouakchott, Mauritania.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>Plasmodium vivax </it>was identified by real-time PCR. The Duffy blood group genotypes were determined by standard PCR followed by sequencing of the promoter region and exon 2 of the Duffy gene in 277 febrile individuals. Fisher's exact test was performed in order to assess the significance of variables.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the Moorish population, a high frequency of the <it>FYB^ES/FYB^ES</it>genotype was observed in uninfected individuals (27.8%), whereas no <it>P. vivax</it>-infected patient had this genotype. This was followed by a high level of <it>FYA/FYB</it>, <it>FYB/FYB</it>, <it>FYB/FYB^ES</it>and <it>FYA/FYB^ES</it>genotype frequencies, both in the <it>P. vivax</it>-infected and uninfected patients. In other ethnic groups (Poular, Soninke, Wolof), only the <it>FYB^ES/FYB^ES</it>genotype was found in uninfected patients, whereas the <it>FYA/FYB^ES</it>genotype was observed in two <it>P. vivax</it>-infected patients. In addition, one patient belonging to the Wolof ethnic group presented the <it>FYB^ES/FYB^ES</it>genotype and was infected by <it>P. vivax</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study presents the Duffy blood group polymorphisms in Nouakchott City and demonstrates that in Mauritania, <it>P. vivax </it>is able to infect Duffy-negative patients. Further studies are necessary to identify the process that enables this Duffy-independent <it>P. vivax </it>invasion of human red blood cells.</p

Outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with haploidentical versus HLA-matched donors in patients with higher-risk MDS.

peer reviewedAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the best curative option for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. The presence of monosomal karyotype and/or complex karyotype abnormalities predicts inferior survival after allo-SCT in MDS patients. Haploidentical allo-SCT has been increasingly used in acute leukemia (AL) and has similar results as using HLA-matched donors, but data on higher-risk MDS is sparse. We compared outcomes in 266 patients with higher-risk MDS after HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD, n = 79), HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD, n = 139) and HLA haploidentical donor (HID, n = 48) from 2010 to 2019. Median donor age differed between the three groups (p < 0.001). The overall survival was significantly different between the three groups with a better OS observed in the MUD group (p = 0.014). This observation could be explained by a higher progression-free survival with MUD (p = 0.014). The cumulative incidence of grade 2-4 acute GvHD was significantly higher in the HID group (p = 0.051). However, in multivariable analysis, patients transplanted using an HID had comparable mortality to patients transplanted using a MUD (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR]: 0.58 [0.32-1.07]; p = 0.080) and a MSD ([sHR]: 0.56 [0.28-1.11]; p = 0.094). MUD do not remain a significant positive predictor of survival, suggesting that beyond the donor-recipient HLA matching, the donor age might impact recipient outcome

L'acupuncture, médecine complémentaire dans la prise en charge des patients cancéreux ? (enquête régionale auprès des médecins acupuncteurs, des cancérologues et des patients.)

STRASBOURG-Medecine (674822101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Mélatonine, agonistes mélatoninergiques et luminothérapie dans les troubles du sommeil et du décalage horaire

La mélatonine est une hormone naturelle produite par la glande pinéale. Sa sécrétion nocturne présente des variations en fonction des individus, de l'âge, des saisons, De plus, la lumière est le principal modulateur du rythme endogène de cette dernière. Ainsi dans certaines situations comme le travail posté ou les voyages transméridiens les modifications des synchroniseurs externes perturbent-elles la synthèse de mélatonine, et entraînent alors des troubles du sommeil. De même, en cas d'avance ou de retard de phase, des variations similaires sont observées. Or l'apport de mélatonine exogène permet d'obtenir une resynchronisation, et semble donc être une thérapeutique intéressante dans le traitement des troubles décrits précédemment. Son utilisation ponctuelle à faible dose permet de pallier le manque d'information sur les effets indésirables susceptibles d'apparaître suite à une utilisation à long terme. Toutefois, étant donné que cette molécule à une demi-vie courte et qu'elle n'est pas brevetable en l'état, les laboratoires pharmaceutiques s'intéressent préférentiellement à la recherche d'agonistes mélatoninergiques. D'autre part, la luminothérapie longtemps laissée de côté, est à nouveau reconnue comme pouvant jouer un rôle intéressant dans le traitement de certains troubles du sommeil. En France, la mélatonine a obtenue une Autorisation de Mise sur le Marché sous le nom de Circadin*. Cependant, il est relativement facile de s'en procurer sans prescription médicale sur Internet, ce qui n'est pas sans présenter quelques dangers, liés notamment aux différences de législation entre les pays.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Essai d'analyse et de comparaison des représentations mentales et du vécu de la douleur en Chine et en Occident

STRASBOURG-Medecine (674822101) / SudocSudocFranceF