287 research outputs found
Lâimmixtion de tiers amicaux dans le mĂ©canisme juridictionnel
Alors que la rĂ©forme du Code de procĂ©dure civile a permis Ă lâintervenant dâintĂ©rĂȘt public de faire son entrĂ©e « officielle » dans les prĂ©toires quĂ©bĂ©cois, lâarticle qui suit a pour objet dâillustrer les divers mĂ©canismes permettant Ă des tiers dĂ©pourvus dâintĂ©rĂȘt au sens juridique du terme de sâimmiscer dans le processus juridictionnel. Lâauteure propose de dĂ©passer la signification restreinte de lâexpression amicus curiae afin de savoir si le procureur gĂ©nĂ©ral, lâexpert et lâintervenant dâintĂ©rĂȘt public peuvent ĂȘtre, eux aussi, qualifiĂ©s dâ« amis de la cour ». Tous ont vocation Ă Ă©clairer le juge, lâamicus curiae par dĂ©finition, le procureur gĂ©nĂ©ral par fonction, lâexpert par mission et lâintervenant dâintĂ©rĂȘt public par conviction. Cependant, tous ne correspondent pas Ă un mĂ©canisme amical dâintervention. Câest notamment le cas de lâexpert. En revanche, lâintervenant dâintĂ©rĂȘt public est un vĂ©ritable intervenant amical dont le rĂŽle ne demande quâĂ ĂȘtre davantage utilisĂ© devant les tribunaux quĂ©bĂ©cois.While the reforming of the Code of Civil Procedure has allowed a party acting in the public interest to make an âofficialâ act of presence before the courts of QuĂ©bec, this paper seeks to illustrate the various stratagems that an individual devoid of interest, within the legal sense of the word, may employ to work his or her way into legal proceedings. This exposĂ© intends on going beyond the restrictive meaning of the term amicus curiae in order to fathom whether the attorney general, an expert and a party for the public interest may also be qualified as a âfriend of the court.â They all have as their objective to enlighten the judge : the amicus curiae by definition, the attorney general by office, the expert by objective and the party for public interest by conviction. Nonetheless, they cannot all be equated to a friendly means for intervening before the court. This is especially the case of the expert. Yet in contrast, the party for public interest is truly a friendly intervening party whose role should only be increasingly used before the courts of QuĂ©bec
Promouvoir les bibliothĂšques par le plaidoyer: conception d'un outil pour les bibliothĂšques publiques et/ou scolaires fribourgeoises
Le prĂ©sent travail a vu le jour suite Ă un mandat formulĂ© par lâAssociation des bibliothĂšques fribourgeoises (ABF). Ayant abordĂ© avec ses membres la question des relations publiques et du lobbying des bibliothĂšques, lâABF a souhaitĂ© concevoir un document promotionnel mettant en avant les plus-values des bibliothĂšques de lecture publique et/ou scolaires pour les citoyens du canton. Ce document pourra soutenir les bibliothĂšques fribourgeoises dans leur processus de plaidoyer auprĂšs des Ă©lus. Lâobjectif de ce travail est de proposer le contenu du document promotionnel en tant que tel et dâen Ă©tayer les propos. Pour dĂ©buter, un Ă©tat des lieux a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©digĂ© sur la base des statistiques annuelles rĂ©coltĂ©es par lâABF. Lâanalyse du contexte dans lequel se situent les bibliothĂšques fribourgeoises a confirmĂ© le besoin important de dĂ©velopper une stratĂ©gie commune autour dâun argumentaire solide. Une revue de la littĂ©rature a ensuite permis dâidentifier les plus-values Ă mettre en avant. Elle a Ă©galement mis en lumiĂšre lâimportance de la communication pour les bibliothĂšques aujourdâhui. Enfin, elle a dĂ©signĂ© le processus de plaidoyer comme un excellent moyen de sâadresser aux Ă©lus afin dâobtenir davantage de reconnaissance et de soutien. Les Ă©lĂ©ments constitutifs du processus de plaidoyer ainsi que ses objectifs ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s et mis en lien avec le prĂ©sent projet. Afin que le message proposĂ© soit bel et bien en adĂ©quation avec le contexte et les besoins des bibliothĂšques fribourgeoises, des entretiens semi-directifs et un focus group ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©s, auprĂšs de bibliothĂ©caires mais Ă©galement auprĂšs de politiciens du canton. Les rĂ©ponses obtenues ont permis de consolider le message Ă mettre en avant. Des pistes pour une meilleure visibilitĂ© et promotion des bibliothĂšques fribourgeoises ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© abordĂ©es puis synthĂ©tisĂ©es. Aujourdâhui, les bibliothĂšques de lecture publique et/ou scolaires fribourgeoises ont plus que jamais besoin de se fĂ©dĂ©rer autour dâun message commun, afin dâĂȘtre davantage visibles et reconnues. Leur intĂ©gration au tissu cantonal existant, la valorisation de leurs impacts ainsi que la mise en relation de leurs objectifs avec ceux des Ă©lus permettront de mettre en avant leurs plus-values pour les citoyens
Nanodroplet Flight Control in Electrohydrodynamic Redox 3D Printing
Electrohydrodynamic 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technique with
enormous potential in plasmonics, microelectronics, and sensing applications,
thanks to its broad materials palette, high voxel deposition rate, and
compatibility with various substrates. However, the electric field used to
deposit material is concentrated at the depositing structure resulting in the
focusing of the charged droplets and geometry-dependent landing positions,
which complicates the fabrication of complex 3D shapes. The low level of
concordance between design and printout seriously impedes the development of
electrohydrodynamic 3D printing and rationalizes the simplicity of the designs
reported so far. In this work, we break the electric field centrosymmetry to
study the resulting deviation in the flight trajectory of the droplets.
Comparison of experimental outcomes with predictions of an FEM model provides
new insights into the droplet characteristics and unveils how the product of
droplet size and charge uniquely governs its kinematics. From these insights,
we develop reliable predictions of the jet trajectory and allow the computation
of optimized printing paths counterbalancing the electric field distortion,
thereby enabling the fabrication of geometries with unprecedented complexity
Additive manufacturing of multi-metals and multi-materials by electrohydrodynamic redox printing â towards 3D gradient materials with submicrometer resolution
Many emerging applications in microscale engineering require the fabrication of three-dimensional architectures in inorganic materials. Small-scale additive manufacturing (AM) aspires to provide access to these geometries with feature sizes in the micro- and submicrometer range. Yet, the synthesis of device-grade inorganic materials is still a challenge for AM â a major handicap for its incorporation in advanced micro- and nanofabrication processes [1,2].
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Fetal sex and the relative reactivity of human umbilical vein and arteries are key determinants in potential beneficial effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common complication of pregnancy. We previously demonstrated that IUGR is associated with an impaired nitric oxide (NO)-induced relaxation in the human umbilical vein (HUV) of growth-restricted females compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns. We found that phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition improved NO-induced relaxation in HUV, suggesting that PDEs could represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PDE inhibition on human umbilical arteries (HUAs) compared to HUV. Umbilical vessels were collected in IUGR and AGA term newborns. NO-induced relaxation was studied using isolated vessel tension experiments in the presence or absence of the nonspecific PDE inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). PDE1B, PDE1C, PDE3A, PDE4B, and PDE5A were investigated by Western blot. NO-induced vasodilation was similar between IUGR and AGA HUAs. In HUAs precontracted with serotonin, IBMX enhanced NO-induced relaxation only in IUGR females, whereas in HUV IBMX increased NO-induced relaxation in all groups except IUGR males. In umbilical vessels preconstricted with the thromboxane A2 analog U46619, IBMX improved NO-induced relaxation in all groups to a greater extent in HUV than HUAs. However, the PDE protein content was higher in HUAs than HUV in all study groups. Therefore, the effects of PDE inhibition depend on the presence of IUGR, fetal sex, vessel type, and vasoconstrictors implicated. Despite a higher PDE protein content, HUAs are less sensitive to IBMX than HUV, which could lead to adverse effects of PDE inhibition in vivo by impairment of the fetoplacental hemodynamics.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The effects of phosphodiesterase inhibition on the umbilical circulation depend on the presence of intrauterine growth restriction, the fetal sex, vessel type, and vasoconstrictors implicated. The human umbilical vascular tone regulation is complex and depends on the amount and activity of specific proteins but also probably on the subcellular organization mediating protein interactions. Therefore, therapeutic interventions using phosphodiesterase inhibitors to improve the placental-fetal circulation should consider fetal sex and both umbilical vein and artery reactivity
Shakedown solutions for pavements with materials following associated and non-associated plastic flow rules
Existing lower-bound shakedown solutions for pavement problems are generally obtained by assuming that materials obey an associated flow rule, whereas plasticity of real materials is more inclined to a non-associated flow. In this paper, a numerical step-by-step approach is developed to estimate shakedown limits of pavements with MohrâCoulomb materials. In particular, influences of a non-associated flow rule on the shakedown limits are examined by varying material dilation angle in the numerical calculations. It is found that the decrease of dilation angle will lead to accelerated reduction of pavement shakedown limits, and the reduction is most significant when the material friction angle is high. Furthermore, existing lower-bound shakedown solutions for pavements are extended, in an approximate manner, to account for the change of material dilation angle and the shakedown results obtained in this way agree well with those obtained through the numerical step-by-step approach. An example of pavement design using shakedown theory is also presented
Mouvements involontaires chez l'enfant (affections extrapyramidales) réalisation d'un film vidéo didactique à partir d'une vidéothÚque informatisée de neuropédiatrie
Ashley Hans Scheirl
PrĂ©sentation du travail de lâartiste Ashley Hans Scheirl *1956 et de son installation Ă la Neue Galerie pour la Documenta 14 de Kassel en 2017
François Colona dâIstria, Philosophie du droit et pratique des juristes, Paris, Dalloz, 2021, 307 p., ISBN 9766-2-247-20663-6.
Lâimmixtion de tiers amicaux dans le mĂ©canisme juridictionnel
Alors que la rĂ©forme du Code de procĂ©dure civile a permis Ă lâintervenant dâintĂ©rĂȘt public de faire son entrĂ©e « officielle » dans les prĂ©toires quĂ©bĂ©cois, lâarticle qui suit a pour objet dâillustrer les divers mĂ©canismes permettant Ă des tiers dĂ©pourvus dâintĂ©rĂȘt au sens juridique du terme de sâimmiscer dans le processus juridictionnel. Lâauteure propose de dĂ©passer la signification restreinte de lâexpression amicus curiae afin de savoir si le procureur gĂ©nĂ©ral, lâexpert et lâintervenant dâintĂ©rĂȘt public peuvent ĂȘtre, eux aussi, qualifiĂ©s dâ« amis de la cour ». Tous ont vocation Ă Ă©clairer le juge, lâamicus curiae par dĂ©finition, le procureur gĂ©nĂ©ral par fonction, lâexpert par mission et lâintervenant dâintĂ©rĂȘt public par conviction. Cependant, tous ne correspondent pas Ă un mĂ©canisme amical dâintervention. Câest notamment le cas de lâexpert. En revanche, lâintervenant dâintĂ©rĂȘt public est un vĂ©ritable intervenant amical dont le rĂŽle ne demande quâĂ ĂȘtre davantage utilisĂ© devant les tribunaux quĂ©bĂ©cois.While the reforming of the Code of Civil Procedure has allowed a party acting in the public interest to make an âofficialâ act of presence before the courts of QuĂ©bec, this paper seeks to illustrate the various stratagems that an individual devoid of interest, within the legal sense of the word, may employ to work his or her way into legal proceedings. This exposĂ© intends on going beyond the restrictive meaning of the term amicus curiae in order to fathom whether the attorney general, an expert and a party for the public interest may also be qualified as a âfriend of the court.â They all have as their objective to enlighten the judge : the amicus curiae by definition, the attorney general by office, the expert by objective and the party for public interest by conviction. Nonetheless, they cannot all be equated to a friendly means for intervening before the court. This is especially the case of the expert. Yet in contrast, the party for public interest is truly a friendly intervening party whose role should only be increasingly used before the courts of QuĂ©bec
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