An Investigation of High Performance Heterojunction Silicon Solar Cell Based on n-type Si Substrate

In this study, high efficient heterojunction crystalline silicon solar cells without using an intrinsic layer were systematically investigated. The effect of various parameters such as work function of transparent conductive oxide (ϕTCO), density of interface defects, emitter and crystalline silicon thickness on heterojunction silicon solar cell performance was studied. In addition, the effect of band bending and internal electric field on solar cell performance together with the dependency of cell performance on work function and reflectance of the back contact were investigated in full details. The optimum values of the solar cell properties for the highest efficiency are presented based on the results of the current study. The results represent a complete set of optimum values for a heterojunction solar cell with high efficiency up to the 24.1 % with VOC = 0.87 V and JSC =32.69 mA⋅cm – 2

Endotracheal tube cuff pressure assessment: Education may improve but not guarantee the safety of palpation technique

Background: Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure (ETCP) should be kept in the range of 20 - 30 cm H2O. Earlier studies suggested that ETCP assessment by palpation of pilot balloon results in overinflation or underinflation and subsequent complications such as tracheal wall damage and aspiration. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of an in vitro educational program on the ability of anesthesia personnel to inflate Endotracheal Tube Cuffs (ETT) within safe pressure limits. Patients and Methods: The survey included two series of blinded ETCP measurements in intubated patients before and two weeks after an in vitro educational intervention. The in vitro educational program included two separate trials. The anesthesia personnel were asked to inflate an ETT cuff inserted in a tracheal model using their usual inflation technique. In the same session, six ETTs at different pressure levels were examined by the participants and their estimation of ETCP was recorded. After the in vitro assessment, the participants were informed about the actual pressure of the in vitro ETCPs and were allowed to train their fingers by in vitro pilot balloon palpation with validated manometer measurements. Results: The mean ETCP after the in vitro survey was significantly lower than the mean ETCP before the intervention (45 ± 13 vs. 51 ± 15 cm H2O, P = 0.002). The rate of measurements within the safe pressure limits significantly improved after the in vitro education (24.2 vs. 39.7, P = 0.002). Conclusions: Implementing educational programs with the introduction of estimation techniques besides the use of manometer as a standard intraoperative monitoring will improve the safety of the practice. © 2015, Iranian Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ISRAPM)

Naltrexone Induced Serotonin Syndrome

Background: Serotonin syndrome resulted from hyperactivity of serotonin in nervous system and is potentially life threatening. Tramadol is known as one it's causing factors. Administration of Naltrexone is associated with a significant increase in the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT and DOPAC/DA in the frontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus respectively. We present a rare case with some signs of serotonin syndrome and withdrawal syndrome which simultaneously use naltrexone, tramadol and benzodiazepine in the realm of opium addiction. Case Report: A 41 years old man who was admitted due to loss of consciousness and seizure. In simultaneous usage of naltrexone, tramadol and benzodiazepine in an addicted person, and in the case of sever agitation which was resistance to routine treatments, serotonin syndrome beside withdrawal syndrome should be considered and its treatment should be done as soon as possible. Conclusion: In simultaneous usage of naltrexone, tramadol and benzodiazepine in an addicted person, and in the case of sever agitation which was resistance to routine treatments, serotonin syndrome beside withdrawal syndrome should be considered and its treatment should be done as soon as possible

An Investigation of High Performance Heterojunction Silicon Solar Cell Based on n-type Si Substrate

In this study, high efficient heterojunction crystalline silicon solar cells without using an intrinsic layer were systematically investigated. The effect of various parameters such as work function of transparent conductive oxide (ϕTCO), density of interface defects, emitter and crystalline silicon thickness on heterojunction silicon solar cell performance was studied. In addition, the effect of band bending and internal electric field on solar cell performance together with the dependency of cell performance on work function and reflectance of the back contact were investigated in full details. The optimum values of the solar cell properties for the highest efficiency are presented based on the results of the current study. The results represent a complete set of optimum values for a heterojunction solar cell with high efficiency up to the 24.1 % with VOC = 0.87 V and JSC =32.69 mA⋅cm – 2

Cause of murder or normal variation, which one is true?

Background: Parietal hole is formed as a result of defect or delay in the ossifying one third of the posterior parietal in the fifth month of fetal in genetic transfer of mutated gene dominant autosomal genetic. Artery, vein, meningia or brain cortex is exited through it, as for as the equal with its size. Parietal foramen is located in syndromic frame. Case Presentation: The case is Iranian 34 years old woman, that was found in dead state in the motel. The positive findings in examination: - Abrasion in skin of left upper posterior area of parietal. - Scars of cosmetic surgery and numerous tattoos. - Purple bruises in the arms. The positive findings in necropsy: - A hematoma under the right and posterior site of parietal skin in 2˟ 2 cm, under parietal skin abrasion. - A hole that it was in the posterior of right parietal bone,1 mm in diameter ,near the sagittal suture .It was extended to the inner surface of skull. -Very mild desquamation in dura mater with very mild bleeding about 2 cc above arachnoid (under dural desquamation).- A hematoma with 1˟1 cm , between the cervical muscles - A 3˟3 cm hematoma under the skin of upper and anterior of chest wall.The serologic, Toxicologic and pathologic sample were negative.Conclusion: As for as wearing in the left posterior parietal and hematoma under the skin in this area and finding a holes in mentioned area, at first, it seemed that the lesion is created by a sharp object, hard edges or shot. But in closer examinations there was no rupture on scalp and edge of the hole was perfectly sharp and smooth. Hence in order to prevent confusion in similar cases, the physician is familiar with these variations.ith these variations

The Rules of Forensic Medicine Examination in Diagnosis of Electrical injury in Childhood

Background: History taking is a duty that must get out in different situation as child's parents or in adults by themselves, to able provide the best helps in minimum time. Certainly, the information come out from history have significant effects on management plans. Case Presentation: A 16 months baby that transfers to ER department with complete cardiorespiratory arrest and after response to resuscitation the medical management was done for him. As history taking, he found unconsciousness near dress pan with wet dressing in bathroom. In physical exam the little impact traumatism on his/her head and face was detected. In blood and urine samples, there were not significant findings for toxicological screening. The physician requested for forensic specialist consultation for ruling out any child abuse doubt. The future examination was done by forensic team and they found the hyperkeratotic nodules on palmar surface of first phalange of right index finger due to electrocution. Conclusion: The history taking and following physical exam have greatest significant moment and the detailed and exact physical examination include whole parts of body, especially in children who couldn't present and complain about their problems completely

Sudden death due to association between NAFLD and cardiovascular changes in a 37-year-Old Man: A case report

Fatty liver disease (FLD) is the most prevalent form of liver disease worldwide. Overnutrition can induce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of conditions ranging from simple steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Some of the epidemiological and pathological studies have also suggested an association between the presence of fatty liver and sudden death. A 37-year-old man was found dead when he was asleep in the bed at home. According to his family, he was single and a costermonger. He was not an athlete, and there was no history of any physical and mental disorder. He was not addicted and did not use any drugs or alcohol. The positive points, in this case, were: a large heart with mild coronary stenosis and steatohepatitis in autopsy and sudden death. Since steatohepatitis did not have any complication such as fat embolism, it can be concluded that the combination of steatohepatitis and cardiovascular disorder led to sudden unexpected death. Heart more than 450 gr is susceptible to arrhythmia, and fatty liver disease can cause cardiovascular changes. © 2016 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Characteristics of traumatic brain injury among accident and falling down cases

Motor vehicle and falling down are responsible for the most number of traumatic injuries. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of traumatic brain injury among accident and falling down cases. In this analytical cross- sectional study, data were collected from the records of cadavers who died due to accident or falling down and referred to Kahrizak dissection hall, Tehran forensic medicine organization during 2013. A total of 237 subjects (183 (77.2) accident and 54 (22.8) falling down) with a mean age of 35.62 (SD=15.75) were evaluated. A number of 213 (89.9) were male. From accident group, scalp injury was seen in 146 (79.8), scalp abrasion in 122 (66.7), scalp laceration in 104 (56.8), sub skull bruising in 176 (96.3), skull fracture in 119 (65), hemorrhage in 166 (90.7), Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) in 155 (84.7), Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 161 (88), Epidural hemorrhage (EDH) in 41 (22.4), contusion in 140 (76.5), and skull base fracture in 140 (76.5) of cases. In falling down group scalp injury was seen in 42 (77.8) cadavers, scalp abrasion in 38 (70.4), scalp laceration in 30 (55.6), sub skull bruising in 49 (90.7), skull fracture in 39 (72.2), Hemorrhage in 49 (90.7), SDH in 43 (79.6), SAH in 47 (87), EDH in 10 (18.5), contusion in 33 (61.1), and skull base fracture in 39 (72.2) of cases. There was no significant difference between these two groups (P Value> 0.05). Accident and falling down had no difference in terms of any injury or hemorrhage. © 2015 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

The Relationship between Environmental, Cultural and Chronological Factors with the Frequency, Cause and Type of Burn Injuries Admitted to the Trauma and Burn Center Motahari Hospital, during the Years 2007to 2011

Background:One of the most important health associated problem are events, which burns considered the most common of them. To prevent burn and reduce the complication and mortality rate, accurate information of epidemiology of burn is essential for planning properly.This study was conducted to determine the relationship between environmental and cultural factors and the type, cause and extent of burn injuries admitted to the trauma and burn center of Motahari hospital during 1386 to 1390.Methods: In this routine data base study, we recruited all burned patients whichreferred to trauma andburncenter of ShahidMotahari hospital between 2007 and 2011. Mainvariables includingeconomic conditions, season ofoccurrenceof the accident,the accident tocurriedonspecial occasions, yearof accident, accidentstatuson holidays, type of injury, cause of injury, injuryseverity, burnarea, anddemographic variables such asage and gender were entered in checklist from patient’s documents.Collected data were entered into softwareSPSS version 11 and were analyzed.Results:5511 patients were admitted to Motahari hospital during the April of 1386 to the end of 1390, from which 1448 (26.3%) cases were female and 4063 (73.7%) male. The mean age of subjects was 28.47 (SD=1.88).There was significant difference between different gender and etiology, so that men were burned more by oil, gasoline and diesel fuel rather than women.There was significant difference about the number of burned cases by the flame at different seasons of the year. Average number of people burned by gas cylinders,electricity,caraccident,bitumen was significantly different in different seasons.Conclusion:There were significant differences about burn injuries due to the gas cylinders,bitumen,electricity and car accidents in different seasons and months.To inform burn centers, principalship of these data increases their ability to manage populated and harmful days. According to the higher rate of explosive burn injury in the last month of the year producing harmless explosive materials can be so effective to support patients lives