Technology and Urban Management. Semiannual Report, October 1, 1967 through March 31, 1968

The projects under Technology and Urban Management (TAUM) have continued during the last few months with considerable success. The individual studies conducted in the City of Oakland and the progress made are described in this report

Implementing Risk-Limiting Post-Election Audits in California

Risk-limiting post-election audits limit the chance of certifying an electoral outcome if the outcome is not what a full hand count would show. Building on previous work, we report on pilot risk-limiting audits in four elections during 2008 in three California counties: one during the February 2008 Primary Election in Marin County and three during the November 2008 General Elections in Marin, Santa Cruz and Yolo Counties. We explain what makes an audit risk-limiting and how existing and proposed laws fall short. We discuss the differences among our four pilot audits. We identify challenges to practical, efficient risk-limiting audits and conclude that current approaches are too complex to be used routinely on a large scale. One important logistical bottleneck is the difficulty of exporting data from commercial election management systems in a format amenable to audit calculations. Finally, we propose a bare-bones risk-limiting audit that is less efficient than these pilot audits, but avoids many practical problems

Contra un diseño dependiente : un modelo para la autodeterminación nacional

254 páginasEl presente trabajo se publicó por primera vez en 1977. Fue el esfuerzo de un grupo de profesores fundadores de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana y se instituyó en ese momento como el fundamento operativo para una teoría unificada del diseño. Su antecedente, fue el postulado innovador que propuso a las diferentes disciplinas del diseño a reunirse en un conjunto interdisciplinario unificado donde la integración de los diferentes cuerpos teóricos posibilitaron al diseño a constituir un sistema de conocimientos coherentes con su campo de acción y su objeto de estudio. El resultado del trabajo fue una propuesta metodológica, un "Modelo General del Proceso de Diseño". Se tuvo entonces el cuidado de considerar que constituirse en su marco general y ser por ello un sistema flexible en su desarrollo y desenvolvimiento

Sustainable Transport

I assume we’ll want to sustain any mode of transport only if we judge it to be effective and desirable, and of course, only if we think we can afford to sustain it. Over time, we’ve abandoned any number of modes that failed those tests — horsecars, trolleycars, and pullmancars, among others; and we’ve kept those that passed the tests — most notably motorcars, airplanes, and ships. In retrospect, it seems we’ve been pretty draconian in rejecting transport modes that have failed in the market place of public favor.Now the test for sustainability is being pressed most vociferously against the automobile, because cars pollute a lot, use a lot of land, injure and kill a lot of people, and consume a lot of petroleum. More than that, and perhaps most important of all, automobiles have accumulated a growing circle of critics who regard cars as instruments of evil, deserving to be rejected into the dustbin where the world’s sinful and dangerous instruments are consigned