Health and safety at work

Protection at work with regard to health and safety at work is an important part of Albanian Labour Legislation. Determination of general obligation of the employer aims at protecting the employees’ health and security. With regard to health security and protection, Albanian Labour Code foresees that the employer is responsible in cases of accidents and professional diseases considering that it should clearly define rules for technical security. With the regard to employers’ responsibility, it should be mentioned that this might be administrative or penal, depending on the violations occurred a few of which contain elements of criminal acts. An important step forward in regulating labour relations is to strengthen inter-institutional cooperation and cooperation between employees, employers, trade unions and state and to further dialogue between those. However, implementation of the Labour Law plays an important role in the stabilization of labour relations in general. An important role remains with institutions such as Ministry of Labour and Equal Opportunities, National Labour Council and State Labour Inspectorate

On Rural-Urban Differences in Human Capital Formation: Finding the ‘Bottlenecks’

Studies have found lower levels of educational achievement for students in rural areas focusing mostly on cross-sectional data. Using the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we follow the same youth cohort to examine whether there are metro-nonmetro gaps in high cognitive achievement, high school graduation, college readiness, degree attainment, and earnings. We find that gaps emerge early in life and they remain constant through high school.In addition,results suggest that rural students graduate from high school at the same rate as their urban counterparts, but they fall behind when it comes to college graduation rates. Growing up in a rural area does not seem to impose a wage penalty beyond the lower earnings operating through cognitive test performance and college degree attainment

Antígenos Tumorais, em Especial o Antígeno Carcinoembriônico

Os antígenos associados a tumores são adjuntos diagnósticos e auxiliares no manuseio terapêutico dos portadores de neoplasias. Os radioimunoensaios para alfa-1-fetoproteína e antigeno carcinoembriônico estão bem padronizados, porém sujeitos a prematura radiólise (1-2 semanas), limitando a possibilidade atual do emprego no Brasil. A revisão efetuada descortina as principais indicações e limitações da dosagem destes antígenos em oncologia

Effects of Resistance Exercise on Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization in Women

This study aimed to determine the effect of a single bout of resistance exercise at different intensities on the mobilization of circulating EPCs over 24 hours in women. In addition, the angiogenic factors stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and erythropoietin (EPO) were measured as potential mechanisms for exercise-induced EPCs mobilization. Thirty-eight women performed a resistance exercise session at an intensity of 60% (n = 13), 70% (n = 12) or 80% (n = 13) of one repetition maximum. Each session was comprised of three sets of 12 repetitions of four exercises: bench press, dumbbell curl, dumbbell squat, and standing dumbbell upright row. Blood was sampled at baseline and immediately, 6 hours, and 24 hours post-exercise. Circulating EPC and levels of VEGF, HIF-1α and EPO were significantly higher after exercise (P \u3c 0.05). The change in EPCs from baseline was greatest in the 80% group (P \u3c 0.05), reaching the highest at 6 hours post-exercise. The change in EPCs from baseline to 6 hours post-exercise was correlated with the change in VEGF (r = 0.492, P = 0.002) and HIF-1α (r = 0.388, P = 0.016). In general, a dose-response relationship was observed, with the highest exercise intensities promoting the highest increases in EPCs and angiogenic factors

Cytotoxicity assessment of endodontic sealers: metabolic activity, morphology and chromosomal alterations

Introduction: Endodontic treatment aims to eliminate infection of the root canals and fill the dental pulp space, being, the obturation of root canals an important step. The study of the toxicity/biocompatibility of the sealers used to fill the root canals is crucial since they are applied into direct contact with periradicular tissues.There are several types of sealers, categorized according to their main chemical constituents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of three root canal sealers, AH Plus, Bio MTA+ and Bio C, on immortalized human gingival fibroblasts. Methods: To study the cytotoxicity of the sealers we performed a Methyltetrazolium (MTT) assay, a study of cell's morphology and a cytogenetic study. Cells were placed in contact with material-conditioned media, for 24 h, at three different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 mg/ml) for the MTT assay. Cell morphology and cytogenetic studies were performed at 100 mg/ml. Cells in normal culture medium were analyzed as control group. Results: MTT assay revealed a cytotoxic effect of Bio MTA+ and Bio C with a growing decrease of metabolic activity with increasing compound concentration, reaching 50% with 100 mg/ml. Regarding the cells morphology, Bio C was the compound that showed a more drastic effect, with a decrease in cell confluence and several morphological changes. AH Plus and Bio MTA+ did not seem to affect the cell confluence, however morphology changes were observed, as compromised cell membranes and loss of cell content. Cytogenetic study was thus far only performed with AH Plus. Since there was a severe decrease of mitotic index after treatment, it was not yet possible to obtain sufficient metaphases, even after several cytogenetic harvesting procedures, but, so far, no relevant structural or numerical changes were observed. Discussion: This preliminary study allowed us to verify that these root canal sealers exhibit some cytotoxicity, depending on the concentration used. Although more studies are still needed, this work could be important to both, help in the selection of the most appropriate compounds for clinical practice and to determine the maximum recommended amounts of each sealer.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Caracterização física, química e toxicológica da água de lavagem gerada na produção de biodiesel

Durante a etapa de purificação do biodiesel são retirados resíduos de glicerina, sabões, alcoóis, ácidos graxos, outros contaminantes e água que necessitam ser tratadas e purificadas. As águas de lavagem do biodiesel foram caracterizadas por meio físicos, químicos, cromatográficos e também foi avaliado o grau de toxicidade desses efluentes utilizando sementes de alface. Foram encontrados altos valores de turbidez, DQO, DBO e óleos e graxas. O perfil de eluição mostrou a presença de ácido linoleico, ácido oleico e ácido palmítico O método do bioensaio implementado neste estudo com sementes de alface foi rápido, simples e viável, mostrando que estes efluentes podem causar efeitos nocivos sobre o desenvolvimento das plantas e germinação de sementes. Levando-se em consideração que a etapa de lavagem do biodiesel é uma das mais importantes e também uma das mais críticas, fica clara a importância de se caracterizar e tratar essas águas, a fim de serem descartadas sem causar efeitos danosos aos corpos hídricos

Previsão de estados fenológicos da oliveira, vingamento e qualidade do pólen e respostas ao aumento da temperatura

Os dados para a calibração e validação dos modelos resultam dum projeto FCT que se encontra no terceiro ano. Abrange quatro cultivares (Arbequina, Cobrançosa, Galega, Picual), quatro localizações principais (Mirandela, Santarém, Elvas e Moncarapacho). Os dados das temperaturas horárias foram obtidos a partir de estações meteorológicas localizadas na vizinhança dos ensaios. Os dados do vingamento foram obtidos através da contagem de flores e de frutos vingados em ramos marcados. Durante a época de floração, o pólen das cultivares foi colhido diretamente das flores para placas de petri contendo meio de germinação. Laboratorialmente foi verificado o índice de germinação e com o pólen isolado fizeram-se testes de viabilidade com o diacetato de fluoresceína. Apresentam-se as datas de ocorrência dos estados fenológicos mais importantes. A temperatura base e as durações térmicas para as fases entre estes estados são calculadas e apresentadas. As percentagens de vingamento são apresentadas e discutidas. Os dados da fertilidade polínica são também apresentados. Munidos dos parâmetros para os modelos fenológicos, utilizam-se os modelos apropriados para prever as datas de floração em três cenários de aquecimento global. Estes cenários são construídos partindo das temperaturas máximas e mínimas diárias, durante cerca de 30 anos, verificadas em 32 estações espalhadas por Portugal Continental, em que se somam 2°C, 3°C e 4°C. Em geral, todos os estados sofreram avanços crescentes com o aumento da temperatura, havendo algumas exceções no caso das datas de floração, em algumas variedades e localizações. Em muitos casos, principalmente na 'Cobrançosa' e 'Galega' existem muitos anos que se preveem florações anormais ou inexistente

Otimização da extração de ácidos nucleicos de material de punção aspirativa por agulha fina de tiroide obtido de lâminas coradas, tecidos fixados em formalina e emblocados em parafina e amostras de sangue estocadas por longo período

OBJECTIVE: Adequate isolation of nucleic acids from peripheral blood, fine-needle aspiration cells in stained slides, and fresh and formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded tissues is crucial to ensure the success of molecular endocrinology techniques, especially when samples are stored for long periods, or when no other samples can be collected from patients who are lost to follow-up. Here, we evaluate several procedures to improve current methodologies for DNA (salting-out) and RNA isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used proteinase K treatment, heat shock, and other adaptations to increase the amount and quality of the material retrieved from the samples. RESULTS: We successfully isolated DNA and RNA from the samples described above, and this material was suitable for PCR, methylation profiling, real-time PCR and DNA sequencing. CONCLUSION: The techniques herein applied to isolate nucleic acids allowed further reliable molecular analyses. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):618-26OBJETIVO: O isolamento adequado de ácidos nucleicos a partir de sangue periférico, lâmina corada de punção aspirativa por agulha fina, tecido fixado em formalina e emblocado em parafina e tecido fresco é fundamental para assegurar o sucesso de técnicas aplicadas em endocrinologia molecular, principalmente quando lidamos com amostras estocadas por longos períodos ou quando há impossibilidade de nova coleta de amostra de pacientes que perderam o seguimento. Neste trabalho, objetivamos otimizar as metodologias clássicas para a extração de DNA (salting-out) e RNA. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Utilizamos proteinase K, choque térmico, dentre outras modificações, com o objetivo de aumentar a quantidade e a qualidade do material recuperado a partir das amostras descritas acima. RESULTADOS: Isolamos com sucesso DNA e RNA de tais amostras e o material obtido foi adequado para a realização de PCR, perfil de metilação, PCR em tempo real e sequenciamento de DNA. CONCLUSÃO: As técnicas aplicadas neste estudo para isolar ácidos nucleicos permitiram a realização posterior de análises moleculares consistentes e confiáveis. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):618-26Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaFaculdade de Medicina do ABC Department of Morphology and PhysiologyUNIFESP, EPMSciEL