Синхронный электродвигатель для привода механизмов в химически агрессивной среде

В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы исследования синхронных машин дискового типа герметичного исполнения для использования в составе оборудования химической отрасли. Приведены результаты моделирования машины дискового типа с магнитосвязанными дисками и данные, полученные при экспериментальном исследовании электромагнитных потерь в герметизирующей перегородке макетного образца

ЗАХИСТ КАРТОПЛІ ВІД ШКІДЛИВИХ ОРГАНІЗМІВ

The Colorado potato beetles and aphids are especially harmful pests for potato crops in the conditions of Kyiv region. So, on the 10th day after mass rebirth of the Colorado potato beetle larvae, potato plants on untreated by insecticide plots were completely destroyed by this phytophagus. Preplanting insecticide treatment of potato tubers provided high effectiveness against the Colorado potato beetle prior to the mass rebirth and development of larvae and reduced their density of population and harmfulness. The highest efficacy (93.2-95.2%) against these pests was noted in variants with Prestige, 290 FS, Emesto Quantum 273.5 FS and Celest Top 312.5 FS. Common scab, dry rot and Rhizoctonia solani were prevailed among the diseases of potato tubers. The greatest effectiveness against the common scab was provided by Prestige, 290 FS. Thus, the infestation of potato tubers by common scab in the variant with application of the Prestige, 290 FS was almost twice lower compared to control. Preparation Celest Top 312.5 FS provided a reduction of dry rot in almost 3 times, and Emesto Quantum 273.5 FS leads to reduction of infestation by Rhizoctonia solani in 4 times, respectively. The treatment of tubers is a reliable protection of potato plants against damage by the Colorado potato beetles and lesion diseases, that made it possible to obtain tuber yields at a level of 24.4-27.4 t per ha. However, preplanting treatment of planting material with insecticides is not always able to provide the protection of potato seedlings against damage by Colorado beetles. The mass reproduction of these pests occurs after planting of tubers and emerging of stalks at high air temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to provide additionally spraying of plants. Typically, the insecticides used in recommended rates have a long period of protective action, which eliminates the need for further treatments on vegetative plants. The anti-resistant effect of this treatment is associated with the use of the neonicotinoids class insecticides (eg, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin), that have different mechanism of action compared to pyrethroids. Under such conditions, it is important to search, investigate and introduce modern, effective insecticides into agricultural production. For this purpose the research on the preparations from separate classes of chemical compounds with various toxic properties was conducted. The most effective against the larvae of Colorado potato beetles were insecticides Confidor, 20% SC, Calypso, 48% SC and Engeo 24.7% SC when spraying potato plantings. Duration of their protection was prolonged for two weeks after the application of insecticides. The maximum technical efficiency was reached as 99.5% (Confidor, 20% SC), 99.2% (Calypso, 48% SC) and 99.3% (Engeo 24.7% SC) on the third day after application. Other insecticides such as Mospilan, 20% SP and Actara, 24% WG (96.2-97.0%) provided somewhat lower the mortality rate of these phytophages. The highest and prolonged effect against aphids was obtained by spraying potato plantings with the preparations Engeo 24.7% SC and Confidor, 20% SC, the efficiency of which reached 98.2% and 93.1%, that decreased the number of aphids in almost 60 times, compared with the control. Spraying potato plantings with insecticides according to the recommended rates of application allows obtaining the yield of tubers at the level of 25,6-28,2 t per ha.    У статті наведені результати ефективності інсектицидів різних хімічних класів проти основних шкідників картоплі. Найбільш ефективними проти колорадського жука були інсектициди Конфідор, 20% в.р.к., Каліпсо, 48% к.с. та Енжіо, 24,7% к.с. Максимальну технічна ефективність, що складала 99,5% (Конфідор, 20% в.р.к.), 99,2% (Каліпсо, 48% к.с.) та 99,3% (Енжіо, 24,7% к.с.), одержували на третій день після обробки. Проти попелиць найбільш ефективними за обприскування посадок картоплі виявились препарати Енжіо, 24,7% к.с. та Конфідор, 20% в.р.к., відповідний показник яких сягав 98,2% і 93,1%, за зменшення чисельності попелиць майже у 60 разів, порівняно з контролем. Також досліджено дію комбінованих протруйників на зниження ураженості рослин картоплі хворобами в умовах Лісостепу України. Наведено результати польових досліджень технічної ефективності протруйників за обробки бульб картоплі перед садінням. Найвищою ефективністю (93,2-95,2%) проти фітофага відзначалися препарати Престиж, 290 FS, к.с., Еместо Квантум 273,5 FS та Селест Топ 312,5 FS. Також здійснено порівняльну оцінку інсектицидів за обприскування рослин картоплі проти колорадського жука та попелиць. Найбільшу ефективність проти парші звичайної виявив препарат Престиж, 290 FS, к.с. Передпосівна обробка даним протруйником забезпечувала ефективність у період цвітіння в середньому за роками на рівні 50,6%.  Максимальну частку здорових бульб одержано на варіанті із застосуванням препарату Престиж, 290 FS, к.с. – 55,1%, тоді як на контролі цей показник був меншим у 1,5 рази і становив 37,2 %. Також на варіанті із Престижем було зібрано найбільші фракції товарної картоплі. Обприскування посадок картоплі інсектицидами за рекомендованих норм витрати дало змогу одержати врожайність бульб на рівні 25,6-28,2 т/га. Протруєння бульб є надійним захистом рослин культури від пошкодження колорадським жуком та ураження хворобами, що дало змогу одержати врожайність бульб на рівні 24,4-27,4 т/га

A change in the optical polarization associated with a gamma-ray flare in the blazar 3C 279

It is widely accepted that strong and variable radiation detected over all accessible energy bands in a number of active galaxies arises from a relativistic, Doppler-boosted jet pointing close to our line of sight. The size of the emitting zone and the location of this region relative to the central supermassive black hole are, however, poorly known, with estimates ranging from light-hours to a light-year or more. Here we report the coincidence of a gamma-ray flare with a dramatic change of optical polarization angle. This provides evidence for co-spatiality of optical and gamma-ray emission regions and indicates a highly ordered jet magnetic field. The results also require a non-axisymmetric structure of the emission zone, implying a curved trajectory for the emitting material within the jet, with the dissipation region located at a considerable distance from the black hole, at about 10^5 gravitational radii.Comment: Published in Nature issued on 18 February 2010. Corresponding authors: Masaaki Hayashida and Greg Madejsk

AGILE detection of a rapid γ-ray flare from the blazar PKS 1510-089 during the GASP-WEBT monitoring

We report the detection by the AGILE satellite of a rapid gamma-ray flare from the powerful gamma-ray quasar PKS 1510-089, during a pointing centered on the Galactic Center region from 1 March to 30 March 2008. This source has been continuosly monitored in the radio-to-optical bands by the GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT). Moreover, the gamma-ray flaring episode triggered three ToO observations by the Swift satellite in three consecutive days, starting from 20 March 2008. In the period 1-16 March 2008, AGILE detected gamma-ray emission from PKS 1510-089 at a significance level of 6.2-sigma with an average flux over the entire period of (84 +/- 17) x 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} for photon energies above 100 MeV. After a predefined satellite re-pointing, between 17 and 21 March 2008, AGILE detected the source at a significance level of 7.3-sigma, with an average flux (E > 100 MeV) of (134 +/- 29) x 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} and a peak level of (281 +/- 68) x 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} with daily integration. During the observing period January-April 2008, the source also showed an intense and variable optical activity, with several flaring episodes and a significant increase of the flux was observed at millimetric frequencies. Moreover, in the X-ray band the Swift/XRT observations seem to show an harder-when-brighter behaviour of the source spectrum. The spectral energy distribution of mid-March 2008 is modelled with a homogeneous one-zone synchrotron self Compton emission plus contributions from inverse Compton scattering of external photons from both the accretion disc and the broad line region. Indeed, some features in the optical-UV spectrum seem to indicate the presence of Seyfert-like components, such as the little blue bump and the big blue bump