Word of Mouth, the Importance of Reviews and Ratings in Tourism Marketing

The Internet and social media have given place to what is commonly known as the democratization of content and this phenomenon is changing the way that consumers and companies interact. Business strategies are shifting from influencing consumers directly and induce sales to mediating the influence that Internet users have on each other. A consumer review is “a mixture of fact and opinion, impression and sentiment, found and unfound tidbits, experiences, and even rumor” (Blackshaw & Nazarro, 2006). Consumers' comments are seen as honest and transparent, but it is their subjective perception what shapes the behavior of other potential consumers. With the emergence of the Internet, tourists search for information and reviews of destinations, hotels or services. Several studies have highlighted the great influence of online reputation through reviews and ratings and how it affects purchasing decisions by others (Schuckert, Liu, & Law, 2015). These reviews are seen as unbiased and trustworthy, and considered to reduce uncertainty and perceived risks (Gretzel & Yoo, 2008; Park & Nicolau, 2015). Before choosing a destination, tourists are likely to spend a significant amount of time searching for information including reviews of other tourists posted on the Internet. The average traveler browses 38 websites prior to purchasing vacation packages (Schaal, 2013), which may include tourism forums, online reviews in booking sites and other generic social media websites such as Facebook and Twitter.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Average Scores Integration in Official Star Rating Scheme

Purpose: Evidence suggests that electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) plays a highly influential role in decision-making when booking hotel rooms. The number of online sources where consumers can obtain information on hotel ratings provided has grown exponentially. Hence, a number of companies have developed average scores to summarize this information and to make it more easily available to consumers. Furthermore, official star rating schemes are starting to provide these commercially developed average scores to complement the information their schemes offer. The purpose of this paper is to examine the robustness of these systems. Design/methodology/approach: Average scores from different systems, and the scores provided by one rating site were collected for 200 hotels and compared. Findings: Findings suggested important differences in the ratings and assigned descriptive word across websites. Research limitations/implications: The results imply that the application of average scores by official organizations is not legitimate and identifies a research gap in the area of consumer and star rating standardization. Originality/value: The paper is of value to the industry and academia related to the examination of rating scales adopted by major online review tourism providers. Evidence of malpractice has been identified and the adoption of this type of scales by official star rating schemes is questioned.Peer reviewe

Notes sobre fonts shakespearianes en la poesia de Carles Riba

[cat] L'article tracta de demostrar l'empremta shakespeariana en la poesia de Carles Riba i, tot establint les relacions cronològiques entre aquells articles de la crítica ribiana en els quals s'hi interpreta Shakespeare i els poemes que l'intertextualitzen, clarificar-ne alguns passatges obscurs.[eng] The article attempts to evince traces of Shakespeare in Carles Riba's poetry and, by crossing the relevant poems with articles of his on Shakespeare of similar date, to offer interpretations of some obscure passages

Après moi, le déluge de Lluïsa Cunillé: política i sostracció

[cat] L'article reinterpreta la trajectòria de Lluïsa Cunillé a partir d''Après moi, le déluge' (2007), una peça que recull els pressupòsits formals del drama contemporani en consonància amb l'estil de l'autora i que emfasitza la dimensió política que caracteritza els seus darrers textos. [eng] This article reinterprets Lluïsa Cunillé's trajectory since Après moi, le déluge (2007), a play which accommodates the formal requirements of contemporary drama to the author's own style and emphasises the political dimension which characterizes her later works.[eng] This article reinterprets Lluïsa Cunillé’s trajectory since Après moi, le déluge (2007), a play which accommodates the formal requirements of contemporary drama to the author’s own style and emphasises the political dimension which characterizes her later work

Psicoanálisis freudiano en Psicología de 2º de Bachillerato

Freud desarrollaría a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX el concepto de psicoanálisis y metodología catárquica. A pesar de que ciertas ideas de este autor quedaron anticuadas y fueron criticadas en su época, el aporte del psicoanálisis en la Psicología y el arte fueron muy significativos. En esta Unidad Didáctica, trataremos de impartir dichos conocimientos a través de la metodología de aprendizaje significativo ―y teniendo en cuenta la taxonomía de Bloom― en la asignatura de Psicología de 2º de Bachillerato, dentro de un contexto presencial en el año 2021, donde la crisis del Covid-19 aún estaba presente y cuyas consecuencias afectaron al rendimiento académico de muchos alumnos en el periodo de Primaria, ESO y Bachillerato. Además, debido a la presencia de un aula LGTBI+ en el instituto donde se puso en práctica esta Unidad Didáctica, realizaremos una revisión de conceptos como la homofobia y la misoginia en la ciencia psicológica de los años XX

Accessibility in Inclusive Tourism? Hotels Distributed Through Online Channels

There is a lack of comprehensive international studies on accommodations for people with disabilities; only small, local-level studies exist. This study aims to show the status of the tourist accommodation sector through the online distribution channel in terms of accessibility to offer more inclusive tourism. A descriptive analysis has been carried out with more than 31,000 hotels from the online travel agency Booking.com, in the 100 most touristic cities in the world. For the first time, an accurate picture of adaptation in the hotel sector for people with disabilities is presented. Results show that the adapted hotel infrastructures by countries are uneven. The main adaptations are those that help to avoid mobility barriers, and in contrast, hotels offer very few adaptations for sensory disabilities such as visual disabilities. Moreover, this study shows that, worldwide, countries with the highest income per capita, such as the United States of America, Canada, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Qatar or the United Arab Emirates, have the highest degree of hotel adaptation.This research was funded by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness for the granting of the TURCOLAB project (ECO2017–88984–R) and research project (TIN2015-71799-C2-2-P)

Los beneficios de la autoestima en Educación Infantil. Una propuesta didáctica para alumnos de 5 años

La autoestima es uno de los elementos clave en la educación de los alumnos de Educación Infantil. El presente trabajo final de grado se centra en el diseño de una propuesta didáctica cuyo objetivo principal es impulsar procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje que ayuden a mejorar la autoestima de los alumnos de 5 años. Por ello, primeramente se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa sobre el concepto de la autoestima donde se ha analizado y contrastado diferentes fuentes externas. Una vez recopilada la información hemos expuesto la propuesta didáctica en la que se ha tenido en cuenta los factores influyentes en la vida del niño, familia y escuela. Gracias a la fundamentación teórica que hemos obtenido, nos ha facilitado el diseño de las actividades, donde se pretende que los alumnos formen una imagen ajustada de sí mismo para valorarse y aceptarse como persona. Para concluir, el docente evaluará el proceso de aprendizaje de los alumnos y de la propuesta en sí. De esta manera se comprobará que la propuesta haya tenido efectos positivos y se hayan alcanzado los objetivos propuestos.Self-esteem is one of the key elements in the education of pre-school students. This final degree work focuses on the design of a didactic proposal whose main objective is to promote teaching learning processes that help improve the self-esteem of 5 years old students. For this reason, firstly, we have carried out a qualitative research on the concept of self-esteem where we have analysed and contrasted different external sources. Once the information was collected, we presented the didactic proposal, which took into account the factors that have an influence on the life of the student, family, and school. Thanks to the theoretical foundation that we have obtained, it is easier for us the design of the activities, where it is intended that the students form an adjusted image of themselves in order to value and accept themselves as a person. To conclude, the teacher will evaluate the learning process of the students and the proposal itself. In this way it will be checked that the proposal has had positive effects and that the proposed objectives have been achieved.L'autoestima és un dels elements clau en l'educació dels alumnes d'Educació Infantil. El present treball final de grau se centra en el disseny d'una proposta didàctica de la qual l'objectiu principal és impulsar processos d'ensenyament-aprenentatge que ajuden a millorar l'autoestima dels alumnes de 5 anys. Per això, primerament s'ha realitzat una investigació qualitativa sobre el concepte de l'autoestima on s'ha analitzat i contrastat diferents fonts externes. Una vegada recopilada la informació hem exposat la proposta didàctica en la qual s'ha tingut en compte els factors influents en la vida del xiquet, família i escola. Gràcies a la fonamentació teòrica que hem obtingut, ens ha facilitat el disseny de les activitats, on es pretén que els alumnes formen una imatge ajustada de si mateix per a valorar-se i acceptar-se com a persona. Per a concloure el docent avaluarà el procés d'aprenentatge dels alumnes i de la proposta en si. D'aquesta manera es comprovarà que la proposta haja tingut efectes positius i s'hagen aconseguit els objectius proposats.Educació

Prevention of behavior problems thanks to development of emotional education in Early Childhood Education

En este artículo se pone de manifiesto la importancia que tiene la incorporación de la educación emocional en el marco de la Educación Infantil, con la finalidad principal de prevenir posibles conflictos y problemas de conducta en las siguientes etapas educativas, por ejemplo: hostigamiento, rabietas, conductas disruptivas, conductas desafiantes, agresiones físicas y psicológicas, aislamiento socioafectivo, etc. Al mismo tiempo que se desarrollan el resto de los beneficios inherentes de la inteligencia emocional en el alumnado.This article highlights the importance of the incorporation of emotional education in the framework of Early Childhood Education, with the main purpose of preventing possible conflicts and behavior problems in the following educational stages, for example: harassment, tantrums, disruptive behaviors, challenging behaviors, physical and psychological aggressions, socio-emotional isolation, etc. At the same time that the rest of the inherent benefits of emotional intelligence are developed in the students of this educational stage