Data on the parasitoid complexes of Metallus pumilus (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and Emmetia heinemanni (Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae) mining leaves of Rubus sp.

251 Rubus leaves mined by three species of leaf miners, Metallus pumilus (Klug, 1816), Emmetia heinemanni (Wocke, 1871) and Ectoedemia rubivora (Wocke, 1860), were collected between 2011 and 2014 in order to rear out their parasitoids. No parasitoids have been reared out from Ectoedemia rubivora, but we have identifi ed 3 parasitoid species from Emmetia heinemanni and 5 species from Metallus pumilus. With 2 tables

First record of Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841) from Korea (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea : Figitidae: Charipinae)

The first record of Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Charipinae) from Korea is given herein, being the second record of this species from the continental Eastern Palaearctic. The examined material, distribution, host associations and some data on the morphology of the Korean specimens are detailed.Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Charipinae) es cita per primer cop a Corea y per segona vegada a la zona continental del Paleàrtic Oriental. Es menciona el material examinat, alguns aspectes referents a la distribució, els hostes associats i la morfologia dels espècimens col·lectats a Corea

The first report of Aulacidea acroptilonica and Isocolus cirsii (Hym.: Cynipidae) from Iran

دو گونه از زنبورهای خانواده‌ی Cynipidae شامل Aulacidea acroptilonica Tyurebaev وIsocolus cirsii Diakontshuk از ارومیه جمع‌آوری شد که گزارش جدید برای فون ایران محسوب می‌شوند. گیاهان میزبان، تعدادی از ویژگی‌های مهم شکل‌شناسی و زیست‌شناسی این زنبورها ارائه شده است

Nuevo género de avispa agallícola del encino, Kokkocynips Pujade-Villar & Melika, gen. n., con descripción de una nueva especies de México (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)

A new genus of oak gallwasp, Kokkocynips Pujade-Villar & Melika gen.n., is described from Mexico. Diagnostic characters and generic limits of the new genus are discussed in detail. Galls were found on branches of Quercus acutifolia Née. Diagnostic characters, distribution and biology of the new species are described and illustrated.Se describe un nuevo género de cinípido agallícola, Kokkocynips Pujade-Villar & Melika n. gen. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) de México. Se discuten en detalle los caracteres diagnósticos y los límites genéricos de este nuevo género. Las agallas se encuentran en las ramas de Quercus acutifolia Née. Se describen e ilustran los caracteres diagnósticos, su distribución y la biología de la nueva especie

Report of Tremex fuscicornis (Hym.: Siricidae) from Iran

In the study carried out during the summer of 2005 in Alborz Research Station in Karaj, the damage caused by a xylophagous insect was observed on trunks of poplar trees. Infected trunks and logs were transmitted to the laboratory and adult wasps were collected by banding the trunks with laces. Twenty wasps, which all were female, emerged from the logs from 23.7.2005 to 3.9.2005. These wasps were identified by the third author as Tremex fuscicornis (Fabricius), which is newly recorded from Iran

Community impacts of anthropogenic disturbance: natural enemies exploit multiple routes in pursuit of invading herbivore hosts.

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.BACKGROUND: Biological invasions provide a window on the process of community assembly. In particular, tracking natural enemy recruitment to invading hosts can reveal the relative roles of co-evolution (including local adaptation) and ecological sorting. We use molecular data to examine colonisation of northern Europe by the parasitoid Megastigmus stigmatizans following invasions of its herbivorous oak gallwasp hosts from the Balkans. Local host adaptation predicts that invading gallwasp populations will have been tracked primarily by sympatric Balkan populations of M. stigmatizans (Host Pursuit Hypothesis). Alternatively, ecological sorting allows parasitoid recruitment from geographically distinct populations with no recent experience of the invading hosts (Host Shift Hypothesis). Finally, we test for long-term persistence of parasitoids introduced via human trade of their hosts' galls (Introduction Hypothesis). RESULTS: Polymorphism diagnostic of different southern refugial regions was present in both mitochondrial and nuclear microsatellite markers, allowing us to identify the origins of northern European invaded range M. stigmatizans populations. As with their hosts, some invaded range populations showed genetic variation diagnostic of Balkan sources, supporting the Host Pursuit Hypothesis. In contrast, other invading populations had an Iberian origin, unlike their hosts in northern Europe, supporting the Host Shift Hypothesis. Finally, both British and Italian M. stigmatizans populations show signatures compatible with the Introduction Hypothesis from eastern Mediterranean sources. CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal the continental scale of multi-trophic impacts of anthropogenic disturbance and highlight the fact that herbivores and their natural enemies may face very different constraints on range expansion. The ability of natural enemies to exploit ecologically-similar hosts with which they have had no historical association supports a major role for ecological sorting processes in the recent assembly of these communities. The multitude of origins of invading natural enemy populations in this study emphasises the diversity of mechanisms requiring consideration when predicting consequences of other biological invasions or biological control introductions.Funding was provided by NERC grant NE/B504406/1 to GNS and KS and NE/E014453/1 to GNS and JAN

Phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic structure in trophic links between gall-forming herbivores and their parasitoid natural enemies.

Revealing processes that structure species interactions is central to understanding community assembly and dynamics. Species interact via their phenotypes, but identifying and quantifying the traits that structure species-specific interactions (links) can be challenging. Where these traits show phylogenetic signal, however, link properties are predictable using models that incorporate phylogenies in place of trait data. We analysed variation in link richness, frequency, and identity in a multi-site dataset of interactions between host oak cynipid galls and parasitoid natural enemies, using a Bayesian mixed modelling framework allowing concurrent fitting of terms for phylogenies of both trophic levels. In both link incidence (presence/absence) and link frequency datasets, we identified strong signatures of cophylogeny (related parasitoids attack related host galls) and patterns independent of either phylogeny. Our results are robust to simulations of substantially reduced sample completeness, and are consistent with the structuring of trophic interactions by a combination of phylogenetically conserved and convergently evolving traits at both trophic levels. We discuss our results in light of phenotypic traits thought to structure gall-parasitoid interactions and wider applications of this approach, including inference of underlying community assembly processes and prediction of economically important trophic interactions