Medicinal preparations used in insomnia

Introducere. Oamenii au căutat de multă vreme somnul liniștit și fără griji și, la asta în final, au consumat multe poțiuni. Somnul este definit ca fiind o stare de inconștiență din care subiectul poate fi trezit de stimuli senzoriali sau de altă natură. Insomnia este caracterizată prin dificultatea de inițiere și menținere a somnului. În funcție de sursele de informare și de țară insomnia este raportat la 9-27% din populație. Predominantă la genul feminin, insomnia este mai frecventă o dată cu inaintarea în vârstă. Un medicament sedativ scade activitatea, moderează entuziasmul și calmează, în timp ce un medicament hipnotic produce somnolență și facilitează apariția și menținerea unei stări de somn care seamănă cu somnul fiziologic în caracteristicile sale electroencefalografice și din care pacientul poate fi trezit cu ușurință. Astfel, este important găsirea unei combinații bune de medicamente pentru înlăturarea insomniei sau ameliorarea somnului. Scopul lucrării. Analiza arsenalului de medicamente sedative și hipnotice prezente pe piața farmaceutică utilizate în terapia insomniei. Materiale și metode. Materialele care au servit drept bază de date au fost culese din farmacoterapia contemporană, de asemenea în calitate de obiect de cercetare au servit Nomenclatorul de Stat al Medicamentelor, instrucțiuni de utilizare a medicamentelor, diferite surse bibliografice și informative (articole din reviste de specialitate, Farmacopeia Europeană, manuale).Rezultate. În urma analizei datelor din literatura de specialitate, am constatat, că tratamentul insomniei includ preparate ce au acțiune sedativ-hipnotică care acționează: prin intermediul receptorilor GABAbenzodiazepine, agenți benzodiazepin-like, barbiturați; prin intermediul receptorilor melatoninici:-ramelteon; prin intermediul receptorilor histaminici:-difenhidramine; antidepresive serotoninergice și noradrenergce; antidepresive triciclice și tetraciclice. Concluzii. Studiul arată, că insomnia atât primară cât și secundară apărută din diferite cauze, rămâne destul de frecventă, care necesită o conduită de tratament specifică, care ar conduce la un somn sănătos și calitativ.Background. People have been looking for a peaceful and carefree sleep for a long time, and, in the end, they consume many potions. Sleep is defined as a state of unconsciousness from which sensory or other stimuli can awaken the human. Insomnia is characterised by difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep. Depending on the information sources and the country, insomnia is reported to be 9-27% of the population. Predominated by the female gender, insomnia is more frequent with advancing age. A sedative drug decreases activity, moderates excitement and calms. In contrast, a hypnotic drug produces drowsiness. It facilitates the emergence and maintenance of a state of sleep that resembles physiological sleep in its electroencephalographic characteristics and from which the patient can be easily awakened. Thus, finding a good combination of drugs to eliminate insomnia or improve sleep is crucial. Objective of the study. Analysis of the arsenal of sedative and hypnotic drugs on the pharmaceutical market used in insomnia therapy. Material and Methods. The materialsthat served as a database were collected from contemporary pharmacotherapy, the State Nomenclature of Medicines, instructions for the use of medicines, and various bibliographic and informative sources (articles from specialised journals, Pharmacopoeia, and manuals). Results. After analysing the data from the specialised literature, we discovered that insomnia treatment includes preparations with a sedative-hypnotic action that acts: through GABA-benzodiazepine receptors, benzodiazepine-like agents, barbiturates; through the melatonin receptors:-ramelteon; through histamine receptors:- diphenhydramine; serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants; tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. Conclusions. The study shows that both primary and secondary insomnia arising from different causes remains quite frequent, which requires a specific treatment approach which leads to healthy and qualitative sleep

Socionics – the psycho-social typology of personality

Catedra Economie, management și psihopedagogie în medicinăSocionics is a science that explores the informational organization of the human conscience. Starting from the principal traits of the surrounding world and the way of perception of these traits, the eight fundamental functions of the mind are introduced. The mutual relationship between these functions (but also the general structure of perception) determines the configuration of the type of the informational metabolism (TIM). The author of this paper has chosen the objective of revealing the dependence between the domain of human activity and the TIM of the people engaged in this domain. Socionica este o știință ce studiază organizarea informaţională a psihicului omului. Pornind de la laturile principale ale lumii înconjurătoare şi modul de percepere a acestor laturi, se introduc cele opt funcţii fundamentale ale psihicului. Relaţiile mutuale dintre aceste funcţii (dar şi cu structura generală a percepţiei) determină configuraţia modelului de metabolism informaţional (TMI). Autorul prezentului articol îşi pune ca scop stabilirea dependeței dintre domeniul de activitate umană şi unele compartimente ale TMI-ului persoanelor antrenate în acest domeniu

Notes on an Eternal Return: Photographic Self-Portraiture and the Spectral Subject

Focusing on the characteristics of ghostliness and haunting, my MA thesis project considers spectrality as a lens to rethink representations of otherness in photographic self-portraiture. Spectrality, a metaphor within the humanities, and now applied to visual art, foregrounds the presence of what is absent and testifies to the invisible aspects of our socially constructed subjectivities. I question how photographic self-portraiture initiates a dissociative transformation for the subject, and apply this line of questioning to an analysis of works by Claude Cahun, Suzy Lake, Eleanor Antin, and Mona Hatoum. I analyze how these artists present intentionally othered versions of themselves, by exploring and re-performing the intricacies of their identities. I support this research with a body of artistic work, where I embody the self-as-other and present myself as a spectral subject as a means to understand how we can rethink representations of the female body and female subjectivity

Rhynomanometry data description and analysis in patients with nasal septum deviations

Catedra Otorinolaringologie, USMF „Nicolae Testemiţanu”Nasal obstruction is a common pathological state in a population that is frequently being induced by nasal septum deviations. Its severity is not only determined by the degree of the obstruction, but also by subjective appreciation of its own state. Rhinomanometry is a non-invasive method, easy to perform, that offers objective data about the resistance degree and nasal passability in patients with nasal septum deviations. The present article contains analysis and interpretation of data obtained in rhinomanometrical evaluation of 36 patients with nasal septum deviation. Obstrucția nazală este o patologie frecvent întîlnită în populație și deseori este provocată de devieri de sept nazal. Severitatea ei este determinată nu numai de gradul obstrucției, dar și de perceperea subiectivă a stării sale. Rinomanometria este o metodă neinvazivă, ușoară de efectuat, ce oferă date obiective precise despre gradul de rezistență și permeabilitate nazală la bolnavii cu patologia nasului. În prezentul articol au fost analizate și interpretate datele obținute la evaluarea rinomanometrică a 36 de pacienți cu deviere de sept nazal

Current Directions in Medical Student Well-Being

Traditionally, topics pertaining to student well-being have been conspicuously sparse throughout medical school curricula. This contradiction has been well documented in human health literature, and the academic medical community has developed strategies to respond to this need. A literature review of terms pertaining to medical student wellness was conducted to generate 34 unique articles. The articles were categorized based on three common themes: mental health, diversity, and work-life balance. In mental health, institutional changes such as professional and peer-to-peer counseling have demonstrated promising improvements. The advent of pipeline programs and student research fellowships has increased learning environment diversity. Finally, wellness programming in recreation and the arts, as well as academic shifts to pass-fail grading, have proven successful in improving work-life balance. While many of these initiatives have enriched the mental well-being of medical students, there remains a critical need to standardize these practices nationally

Rhinomanometry as a method of evaluation of the nasal breathing function in pacients with nasal pathology

Catedra Otorinolaringologie, USMF „Nicolae Testemiţanu”acoustic rhinometry. These two methods provide complementary and important objective information concerning the nasal airflow. In general, rhinomanometry provides information about nasal airway flow and resistance, while acoustic rhinometry shows the anatomic crosssectional area, the geometry of the nasal cavity. The theoretical base of rhinometry and data about its practical application by performing a clinical randomized study, which had the purpose to appreciate the efficiency of rhinomanometrical method in comparison to Vlalzell’s method in pacients suffering from surgical pathology of the nose and with obstructed nasal breathing syndrome are set out in this article. Metodele obiective de bază folosite pentru măsurarea permeabilităţii şi rezistenţei nazale sunt rinomanometria şi rinometria acustică. Aceste metode sunt complementare şi redau în mod obiectiv datele despre fluxul aerian nazal. În general, rinomanometria permite a aprecia fluxul aerian nazal şi rezistenţa, pe cînd rinometria acustică – diametrul transversal al cavităţii nazale şi geometria ei. În prezentul articol sunt expuse bazele teoretice ale rinomanometriei şi prezentate datele aplicării ei în practică, prin efectuarea unui studiu clinic randomizat, ce urmăreşte scopul de a aprecia eficacitatea metodei rinomanometriei în comparaţie cu metoda Vlalzell la pacienţii cu patologia chirurgicală a nasului şi sindrom de obstrucţie nazală

A Phenomenological Study of Female Faculty Transitional Experience into Administration within CCCU Member Institutions

The number of women entering all levels of higher education is continuing to grow. However, there is a disparity between this fact and the number of women serving in senior leadership positions within higher education. This gap is even more evident within member institutions of the Christian Council of Colleges and Universities (CCCU). This study examined the experience of seven female CCCU administrators during their transitional period from faculty member to administrator. Five of the seven women transitioned into their current administrative position within the last five years, highlighting a rapid movement into leadership. This study also found that only one of the seven participants followed the traditional leadership pipeline within the academy: faculty member, department chair, dean, associate provost, provost, and president. Several of the women were the first female in their position, which presented both personal and institutional difficulties such as learning on the job, balancing home / work responsibilities and the pressure to prove oneself able of doing their job well. However, a commitment to the mission of Christian higher education, the multiple layers of leadership support, the acquisition of terminal degrees, and a deep sense of calling provided the foundations needed to persevere and succeed during their transition from faculty member to administrator