666 research outputs found
Heat capacity and pairing transition in nuclei
A simple model based on the canonical-ensemble theory is outlined for hot
nuclei. The properties of the model are discussed with respect to the Fermi gas
model and the breaking of Cooper pairs. The model describes well the
experimental level density of deformed nuclei in various mass regions. The
origin of the so-called S-shape of the heat capacity curve Cv(T) is discussed.Comment: 6 pages + 8 figure
Pairing transition of nuclei at finite temperature
Pairing transition at finite temperature was investigated by the shell model
and BCS calculations. The definitive signature of pairing transition is
identified by a "transition temperature" estimated from a "thermal"
odd-even mass difference, while there is no sharp phase transition because of
the finiteness of nucleus. It is found that is in good agreement with
predictions of critical temperature in the BCS approximation, and the
pairing correlations almost vanish at two points of the transition temperature
. The BCS calculations show that the critical temperature
increases with increasing deformation.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics
Level densities and -strength functions in Sm
The level densities and -strength functions of the weakly deformed
Sm and Sm nuclei have been extracted. The temperature versus
excitation energy curve, derived within the framework of the micro canonical
ensemble, shows structures, which we associate with the break up of Cooper
pairs. The nuclear heat capacity is deduced within the framework of both the
micro canonical and the canonical ensemble. We observe negative heat capacity
in the micro canonical ensemble whereas the canonical heat capacity exhibits an
S-shape as function of temperature, both signals of a phase transition. The
structures in the -strength functions are discussed in terms of the
pygmy resonance and the scissors mode built on exited states. The samarium
results are compared with data for the well deformed Dy,
Er and Yb isotopes and with data from
(n,)-experiments and giant dipole resonance studies.Comment: 12 figure
Level density and gamma strength function in 162-Dy from inelastic 3-He scattering
Complementary measurements have been performed for the level density and
gamma strength function in 162-Dy using inelastic 3-He scattering. Comparing
these results to previous measurements using the 163-Dy(3-He,alpha) reaction,
reveals that the measured quantities above 1.5 MeV do not depend significantly
on the nuclear reaction chosen.Comment: 15 pages, including 7 figure
Level density and thermal properties in rare earth nuclei
A convergent method to extract the nuclear level density and the gamma-ray
strength function from primary gamma-ray spectra has been established.
Thermodynamical quantities have been obtained within the microcanonical and
canonical ensemble theory. Structures in the caloric curve and in the heat
capacity curve are interpreted as fingerprints of breaking of Cooper pairs and
quenching of pairing correlations. The strength function can be described using
models and common parameterizations for the E1, M1 and pygmy resonance
strength. However, a significant decrease of the pygmy resonance strength at
finite temperatures has been observed.Comment: 15 pages including 8 figures. Proceedings article for the conference
Nuclear Structure and Related Topics, Dubna, Russia, June 6-10, 200
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Home learning environments and children’s language and literacy skills: A meta-analytic review of studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries
A robust finding from research in high-income countries is that children living in resource-poor homes are vulnerable to difficulties with language and literacy but less is known about this association in low- and middle-income (LMI) countries. We present a meta-analysis of 6,678 correlations from studies in 43 LMI countries. Overall, the results indicate a small but significant association (r = .08) between home language and literacy environment and children's language and literacy skills. After examining a range of moderators, adult literacy practices and books-at-home had a significantly larger association with children's language and literacy skills than did home tutoring. Studies using customized measures demonstrated a more marked association between home attributes and children's outcomes (r = .14) than studies using a common measure across multiple sites (r = .06). Published studies showed significantly larger associations than unpublished studies, and countries with greater income inequality showed a larger association than relatively egalitarian societies. We conclude that the small overall association should not be taken as support for the absence of, or a vanishingly small relationship between the home learning environment and children's language and literacy skills in LMI countries. Rather, an important factor in detecting this relationship is that assessments must better reflect the nature of homes in different cultures to capture true variation in the population. Such contextually situated measurement would lead to an inclusive conceptualization of home learning environments and can better inform intervention programs to enhance children's educational success, a critical target for many LMI countries. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
Landau-Ginzburg method applied to finite fermion systems: Pairing in Nuclei
Given the spectrum of a Hamiltonian, a methodology is developed which employs
the Landau-Ginsburg method for characterizing phase transitions in infinite
systems to identify phase transition remnants in finite fermion systems. As a
first application of our appproach we discuss pairing in finite nuclei.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
Anisotropic Conformal Infinity
We generalize Penrose's notion of conformal infinity of spacetime, to
situations with anisotropic scaling. This is relevant not only for
Lifshitz-type anisotropic gravity models, but also in standard general
relativity and string theory, for spacetimes exhibiting a natural asymptotic
anisotropy. Examples include the Lifshitz and Schrodinger spaces (proposed as
AdS/CFT duals of nonrelativistic field theories), warped AdS_3, and the
near-horizon extreme Kerr geometry. The anisotropic conformal boundary appears
crucial for resolving puzzles of holographic renormalization in such
spacetimes.Comment: 11 page
Risk assessment of the biocontrol product Nemaslug 2.0 with the active organisms Phasmarhabditis californica (strain P19D) and Moraxella osloensis
publishedVersio
Gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori: a combined analysis of 12 case control studies nested within prospective cohorts
BACKGROUND: The magnitude of the association
between Helicobacter pylori and
incidence of gastric cancer is unclear. H
pylori infection and the circulating antibody
response can be lost with development
of cancer; thus retrospective studies
are subject to bias resulting from classifi-
cation of cases as H pylori negative when
they were infected in the past.
AIMS: To combine data from all case control
studies nested within prospective
cohorts to assess more reliably the relative
risk of gastric cancer associated with H
pylori infection.To investigate variation in
relative risk by age, sex, cancer type and
subsite, and interval between blood sampling
and cancer diagnosis.
METHODS: Studies were eligible if blood
samples for H pylori serology were collected
before diagnosis of gastric cancer in
cases. Identified published studies and two
unpublished studies were included. Individual
subject data were obtained for
each. Matched odds ratios (ORs) and 95%
confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated
for the association between H pylori
and gastric cancer.
RESULTS: Twelve studies with 1228 gastric
cancer cases were considered. The association
with H pylori was restricted to noncardia
cancers (OR 3.0; 95% CI 2.3–3.8)
and was stronger when blood samples for
H pylori serology were collected 10+ years
before cancer diagnosis (5.9; 3.4–10.3). H
pylori infection was not associated with an
altered overall risk of cardia cancer (1.0;
0.7–1.4).
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that
5.9 is the best estimate of the relative risk
of non-cardia cancer associated with H
pylori infection and that H pylori does not
increase the risk of cardia cancer. They
also support the idea that when H pylori
status is assessed close to cancer diagnosis,
the magnitude of the non-cardia
association may be underestimated
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