Evaluation of query processing with impala for mixed workloads

In this paper we evaluate the query performance of Impala for mixed query workloads in a multi-user multi-node environment. In particular, we show the performance results of multi-dimensional point, range and aggregation queries both for numerical and string attributes. The workloads are inspired by a real commercial application

Usable Verifiable Secrecy-Preserving E-Voting

In this paper we propose the usage of QR-Codes to enable usable veriable e-voting schemes based on code voting. The idea { from a voter\u27s perspective { is to combine code voting proposed by Chaum with the cast-as-intended verication mechanism used e.g. in Switzerland (using a personal initialization code, return codes per option, a conrmation code and a nalisation code); while all codes to be entered into the e-voting system by voters are available as QR-Code (i.e. one personalised QR voting code per voting option and one personal conrmation QR-Code). We conduct a user study to evaluate the usability and user experience of such an approach: both the code sheets and the election webpage are based on usability research in this area but adopted for our idea. As our proposal performs good wrt. usability, we discuss how such usable front-ends enable more secure e-voting systems in respect to end-to-end veriability and vote secrecy

Coercion in Peacebuilding: A Conceptual Framework

Internationale Interventionen zur Friedenskonsolidierung sind seit den 1990er Jahren in der internationalen Politik in den Vordergrund gerückt. Dieser Wandel hat zu umfangreichen Untersuchungen über die Bedingungen für erfolgreiche Interventionspraktiken und die normativen Spannungen, die sie in den Zielländern oft hervorrufen, geführt. Der wissenschaftliche Diskurs hat die sich entwickelnden Ansätze der internationalen Friedenskonsolidierung in mehreren turns konzeptualisiert: Das Konzept des liberal peacebuilding wurde mit dem Fokus auf local ownership kritisch beleuchtet, gefolgt vom Ruf nach robusteren oder pragmatischeren Mandaten. Immer wieder wird auch die konzeptionelle Debatte über die verschwimmenden Grenzen zwischen Friedenskonsolidierung (peacebuilding) und Friedenserhaltung (peacekeeping) geführt. Eine zentrale Frage, die sich aus den genannten Debatten ergibt, betrifft die Rolle von Zwang in der Friedensförderung: Erleben wir eine Verschiebung hin zu mehr zwangsbasierten (robusten) Ansätzen? Oder hat die Kritik an der liberalen Friedenskonsolidierung und die zunehmende Bedeutung von sogenannten "neuen" Akteuren aus dem Globalen Süden zu einem Trend von weniger Zwang (light footprint) und einer stärkeren Berücksichtigung von local ownership und Inklusivität geführt? Aufbauend auf einem Literaturstand zur Konzeptualisierung von Zwang schlägt dieses Working Paper einen konzeptionellen Rahmen vor, um die Rolle von Zwang in der Friedensförderung zu untersuchen. Es untersucht die komplizierte Beziehung zwischen Zwang und Frieden und beschreibt die verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen von Zwang in der Friedensförderung. Der konzeptionelle Rahmen wird beispielhaft in einer Untersuchung afrikanischer regionaler Reaktionen auf Putsche als Zwangsregime veranschaulicht. Abschließend unterstreichen wir die Notwendigkeit einer systematischen Betrachtung von Zwang in der Friedensforschung und heben dessen Bedeutung für die Gestaltung der Ergebnisse und der Wirksamkeit von internationalen Interventionen hervor.Interventions aimed at building peace continue to be a crucial element of international politics and order. This has prompted extensive research into the conditions for successful intervention practices and the normative frictions interventions often engender within target countries. Scholars have tracked the evolving approaches to international peacebuilding in several 'turns' from a liberal to a local, robust, pragmatic, and spatial focus, not to forget the debates about blurring lines between peacebuilding and peacekeeping. A pivotal question arising from these debates concerns the role of coercion in peacebuilding: Are we witnessing a shift towards more coercive (robust) approaches, or has the criticism of liberal peacebuilding and the increasing role of Southern/non-Western peacebuilding actors led to a trend of less coercive (light footprint) strategies with an increased attention to local ownership and inclusivity? Building on a review of conceptual literature on coercion, this working paper proposes a comprehensive conceptual framework to explore the role of coercion in peacebuilding. It examines the intricate relationship between coercion and peace and delineates diverse manifestations of coercion in peacebuilding. The conceptual framework is illustrated through the examination of the implementation of the African anti-coup regime and its coercive character, to spell out one example. In conclusion, this working paper emphasizes the necessity for a systematic consideration of coercion in peacebuilding research, highlighting its significance in shaping the outcomes and effectiveness of international interventions

Understanding of research, genetics and genetic research in a rapid ethical assessment in north west Cameroon

BACKGROUND There is limited assessment of whether research participants in low-income settings are afforded a full understanding of the meaning of medical research. There may also be particular issues with the understanding of genetic research. We used a rapid ethical assessment methodology to explore perceptions surrounding the meaning of research, genetics and genetic research in north west Cameroon. METHODS Eleven focus group discussions (including 107 adults) and 72 in-depth interviews were conducted with various stakeholders in two health districts in north west Cameroon between February and April 2012. RESULTS Most participants appreciated the role of research in generating knowledge and identified a difference between research and healthcare but gave varied explanations as to this difference. Most participants' understanding of genetics was limited to concepts of hereditary, with potential benefits limited to the level of the individual or family. Explanations based on supernatural beliefs were identified as a special issue but participants tended not to identify any other special risks with genetic research. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a variable level of understanding of research, genetics and genetic research, with implications for those carrying out genetic research in this and other low resource settings. Our study highlights the utility of rapid ethical assessment prior to complex or sensitive research

Observing repetitive finger movements modulates response times of auditorily cued finger movements

Our motor and perceptual representations of actions seem to be intimately linked and the human mirror neuron system (MNS) has been proposed as the mediator. In two experiments, we presented biological or non-biological movement stimuli that were either congruent or incongruent to a required response prompted by a tone. When the tone occurred with the onset of the last movement in a series, i.e., it was perceived during the movement presentation, congruent biological stimuli resulted in faster reaction times than congruent non-biological stimuli. The opposite was observed for incongruent stimuli. When the tone was presented after visual movement stimulation, however, no such interaction was present. This implies that biological movement stimuli only affect motor behaviour during visual processing but not thereafter. These data suggest that the MNS is an “online” system; longstanding repetitive visual stimulation (Experiment 1) has no benefit in comparison to only one or two repetitions (Experiment 2)

The importance of catchments to mine-pit lakes: Implications for closure

Despite the large body of riparian literature for rivers and lakes, there are few studies on the catchments of mine pit lakes. Therefore, the broad objective of this research was to determine if catchment characteristics were related to pit lake nutrient concentrations. We hypothesised that: (1) catchment characteristics would vary among pit lakes, (2) pit lake catchments would differ from co-occurring naturally-forested catchments, and (3) connecting a pit lake (Kepwari) to a naturally-forested catchment via a river flow-through would increase C accumulation in the lake. The research was conducted in pit lakes of the Collie lake district in Western Australia and examined catchment characteristics (soil nutrients, litter biomass, vegetation, and biomass), carbon and sedimentation rates in pelagic and benthic materials, and establishment of a simple nutrient budget for Lake Kepwari. Broadly, results indicated that catchment vegetation differed significantly among pit lakes (although parts were similar to co-occurring natural forest), with differences largely driven by catchment age. None of the pit lake catchments had true riparian species surrounding the pit lakes. The hypothesis that connecting a pit lake to a watercourse would increase carbon concentrations and sedimentation was not supported. Most (87%) of the water that entered the lake was from the river, and river outflow was slightly greater than river inflow. However, the lake acted like a nutrient sink, with more N, P, and TOC calculated in the inflows than the outflow. We found that it took 10–15 years of growth for actively rehabilitated pit lake catchments to approximate natural forest and 60 years for unrehabilitated pit lake catchments. Active rehabilitation that includes riparian-specific planting would likely lead to better outcomes for pit lake catchment vegetation. Connecting a pit lake to a river substantially increased catchment size and large amounts of river-derived carbon were deposited in the lake. However, carbon concentrations were relatively low compared to the size of the lake. Our results suggest that active intervention is required if stakeholders are unwilling to wait decades for the biological development of pit lakes

Tuning heterologous glucan biosynthesis in yeast to understand and exploit plant starch diversity

Background: Starch, a vital plant-derived polysaccharide comprised of branched glucans, is essential in nutrition and many industrial applications. Starch is often modified post-extraction to alter its structure and enhance its functionality. Targeted metabolic engineering of crops to produce valuable and versatile starches requires knowledge of the relationships between starch biosynthesis, structure, and properties, but systematic studies to obtain this knowledge are difficult to conduct in plants. Here we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a testbed to dissect the functions of plant starch biosynthetic enzymes and create diverse starch-like polymers. Results: We explored yeast promoters and terminators to tune the expression levels of the starch-biosynthesis machinery from Arabidopsis thaliana. We systematically modulated the expression of each starch synthase (SS) together with a branching enzyme (BE) in yeast. Protein quantification by parallel reaction monitoring (targeted proteomics) revealed unexpected effects of glucan biosynthesis on protein abundances but showed that the anticipated broad range of SS/BE enzyme ratios was maintained during the biosynthetic process. The different SS/BE ratios clearly influenced glucan structure and solubility: The higher the SS/BE ratio, the longer the glucan chains and the more glucans were partitioned into the insoluble fraction. This effect was irrespective of the SS isoform, demonstrating that the elongation/branching ratio controls glucan properties separate from enzyme specificity. Conclusions: Our results provide a quantitative framework for the in silico design of improved starch biosynthetic processes in plants. Our study also exemplifies a workflow for the rational tuning of a complex pathway in yeast, starting from the selection and evaluation of expression modules to multi-gene assembly and targeted protein monitoring during the biosynthetic process. Keywords: Amylopectin structure; Arabidopsis thaliana; Heterologous expression in yeast; Parallel reaction monitoring, Proteomics; Starch biosynthesis; YFP reporter

Die Eindämmung der Covid-19 Pandemie im Schweizer Freiheitsentzug – drinnen besser als draussen?

Die Grundlage für eine Umsetzung der Präventionsmassnahmen zur Eindämmung der Covid-19 Pandemie in der Gesellschaft setzten vor allem ausreichend Platz und Flexibilität voraus und machten somit die Massnahmen des social distancing zu ihrem Kernelement. Es stellt sich die Frage, auf welche Art diese Massnahmen im Freiheitsentzug umgesetzt werden konnten, da es sich hier um Institutionen handelt, in denen der Platz begrenzt ist und auf das Personal nicht verzichtet werden kann. Im Rahmen eines vom Schweizerischen Nationalfonds geförderten Forschungsprojektes zum Thema «Covid-19 im Freiheitsentzug», wird die Umsetzung der Covid-19 Präventionsmassnahmen genauer fokussiert. Mittels qualitativer Interviews mit Anstaltsleitenden unterschiedlichster Progressionsstufen in allen Sprachregionen sowie weiteren standardisierten Erhebungen konnten die Gelingensfaktoren identifiziert werden, die ursächlich dafür scheinen, dass der Freiheitsentzug in der Schweiz die Covid-19 Pandemie bislang gut bewältigt hat