A Study on the Relationship between Age Onset of English Learning and English Achievement

In spite of the same learning environment and teaching resources, the achievement of different second language learners is varied. Because of their different achievement, much emphasis was put on the study of the learners’ individual differences. Undeniably, the superiority of the younger learners to the older learners in the second language acquisition has been a hot research topic. This study sets out to explore the relationship between the age onset of second language acquisition and its relative achievements. An investigation was made through a questionnaire to identify the subjects’ age onset of English learning, and then an archival study was performed to compare the achievements of the learners with different age onset. The original scores of the subjects’ College Entrance Examination, and College English Test (band 4) were taken as raw data for statistics analysis. The result indicates that there is significant difference among different types of subjects with different age onset and the achievements of second language acquisition. Meanwhile, the author also tries to explore the possible reasons that could account for the differences among different groups. The results are of some significance in deciding the age onset for a child to learn a foreign language

AN ADAPTIVE BAYESIAN APPROACH TO JOINTLY MODELING RESPONSE AND TOXICITY IN PHASE I DOSE-FINDING TRIALS

The Belmont Report (1979) presents ethical principles governing clinical research: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. This dissertation attempts to improve beneficence, in particular, in early stage clinical trials, in three directions. First, we develop a "dose-choice control panel" (DCCP) computer program. Inputs are complete population information and patient utilities. DCCP produces optimal dose assignment decisions, and helps users to explore how the population parameters and utilities affect the dose recommendation.Second, we present a new adaptive Bayesian method for dose-finding in phase I clinical trials based on both response and toxicity. Although clinical responses are rare in cancer trials, biological responses may be common and may help decide how aggressive a phase I escalation should be. The model assumes that response and toxicity events happen depending on respective dose thresholds for the individual, assuming that the thresholds jointly follow a bivariate log-normal distribution or a mixture. The design utilizes prior information about the population threshold distribution as well as accumulated data. The next dose is assigned to maximize expected utility integrated over the current posterior distribution. The design is evaluated in a setting inspired by the Gleevec story, with population parameters equaling estimates from early Gleevec trials. This exercise provides evidence for the value of the use of the proposed design for future clinical trials. Third, we propose an adaptive Bayesian design based on a hierarchical pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model, incorporating prior knowledge and/or patient-specific measurements related to PK/PD processes. Because genetic variations or drug co-administration can lead to huge inter-individual differences in drug efficacy and toxicity, it is desirable to individualize chemotherapy dosage. Those factors influencing drug metabolism and clearance are expected to affect all PD processes downstream, leading to efficacy and toxicity outcomes, while other genetic variations or drug co-administration may affect only one PD process. Application of the design to the Gleevec and Irinotecan settings is encouraging with regard to patient protection and accuracy of estimates. This work could improve public health by providing more accurate answers quicker, and by encouraging accrual through explicit consideration of what is best for each individual patient

On the Relationships Between Linguistics and Language Teaching

This paper attempts to make a discussion of the relationships between linguistics and language teaching, especially second language teaching. Although there are still many differences between linguistics and language teaching in their attitudes towards language, their goals, and their methods, they are both independent of and interacting with each other

The market foundation and development prospect of Chinese folk house

In recent years, with the continuous economic development， the tourism industry has developed rapidly in China. Different from previous express inn, residence inn has emerged as a new accommodation style. Residence inns allow tourists to be personally on the scene using unique geographical environment and original folk customs, satisfy the tourists’ needs of being close to nature and returning to nature, and have a broad market basis. But because residence inn starts late in China, is still in its infancy at present, therefore it has many problems in the development process. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyzes the development situation of residence inn and the problems existing in its operation, and researches residence inn using electronic technology, so as to put forward suggestions contributing to sustainable and healthy development of residence inn in China

Isolation and antibacterial activity of anabaena phycocyanin

The isolation and antibacterial activity of anabaena phycocyanin were investigated. The result indicates that three kinds of protein ingredients: PC-A, PC-B and PC-C were obtained using high performance liquid chromatography. The estimated molecular masses of PC-A and PC-B were 14 to 18 kD. PC-B and PC-C had certain antibacterial activity on Bibrio parahemolyticus, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Sarcina lutea. In addition, PC-C had certain antibacterial activity on Vibrio harveyi. PC-A did not possess antibacterial activity in the study.Keywords: Anabaena, phycocyanin, liquid chromatogram, antibacterialAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(15), pp. 1869-187

A New Species of Genus Microhyla (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from Zhejiang Province, China

We described a new species, Microhyla beilunensis sp. nov., from Zhejiang Province of China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial 12S, 16S and CO1 gene sequences suggested that the new taxon was distinctly separated from its congeners and closed to M. mixtura and M. okinavensis. Morphologically, the new species could be identified from its congeners except M. mixtura by several characters: (1) rudimentary webs on toe base; (2) absence of disks and dorsal median longitudinal grooves on finger tips; (3) presence of disks and dorsal median longitudinal grooves on toe tips. As well, the new species could be identified from topotype M. mixtura by the combination of characters: (1) apart from the stripes, bar-shaped and oval-shaped patterns, the rounded spots present on the dorsum of body and legs; (2) the outer metacarpal tubercles prominently larger than the inner one; (3) of males, the ratios of HW, IND, UEW and LAW to SVL of the new species were significantly larger than those of M. mixtura (P < 0.01), and the ratios of SL, IOD, LAHL, HLL, TL, TFL and FL to SVL of the new species were significantly less than those of M. mixtura (P < 0.05)

TRIM 16 gene expression regulates the growth and metastasis of human esophageal cancer

Purpose: To investigate the effect of tripartite membrane protein&nbsp; TRIM) 16 gene silencing on human esophageal cancer (KYSE-270) cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis.Methods: Short interfering RNA (siRNA) TRIM 16 silencing fragment was transfected into KYSE-270 cells. Transfection efficiency was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation, invasiveness and migration were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Transwell invasion assay, and scratch test, respectively. Protein expressions of bax and bcl-2 were assayed using Western blotting.Results: The gene expression of TRIM 16 was significantly upregulated in esophageal cancer cells, relative to normal human esophageal cells, but was downregulated after gene silencing. Moreover, the silencing of TRIM 16 gene led to significant reductions in KYSE-270 cell viability, migration and invasiveness, but significantly increased KYSE270 cell apoptosis (p &lt; 0.05). The silencing of TRIM 16 gene also significantly upregulated bax protein expression, while downregulating the expression of bcl-2 protein (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that TRIM 16 gene silencing inhibits KYSE-270 cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and thus provide a basis for its development as a therapeutic approach for the management of esophageal cancer. Keywords: Apoptosis, Cell invasion, Esophageal cancer, Gene silencing, Metastasi