Reliable Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm for Vehicle-Assisted Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks

We investigate the design of the optimal routing path in a moving vehicles involved the internet of things (IoT). In our model, jammers exist that may interfere with the information exchange between wireless nodes, leading to worsened quality of service (QoS) in communications. In addition, the transmit power of each battery-equipped node is constrained to save energy. We propose a three-step optimal routing path algorithm for reliable and energy-efficient communications. Moreover, results show that with the assistance of moving vehicles, the total energy consumed can be reduced to a large extend. We also study the impact on the optimal routing path design and energy consumption which is caused by path loss, maximum transmit power constrain, QoS requirement, etc.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, rejected by IEEE Globecom 2017,resubmit to IEEE WCNC 201

Wireless Fractal Cellular Networks

With the seamless coverage of wireless cellular networks in modern society, it is interesting to consider the shape of wireless cellular coverage. Is the shape a regular hexagon, an irregular polygon, or another complex geometrical shape? Based on fractal theory, the statistical characteristic of the wireless cellular coverage boundary is determined by the measured wireless cellular data collected from Shanghai, China. The measured results indicate that the wireless cellular coverage boundary presents an extremely irregular geometrical shape, which is also called a statistical fractal shape. Moreover, the statistical fractal characteristics of the wireless cellular coverage boundary have been validated by values of the Hurst parameter estimated in angular scales. The statistical fractal characteristics of the wireless cellular coverage boundary can be used to evaluate and design the handoff scheme of mobile user terminals in wireless cellular networks.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Stress reduction dependent on incident angles of carbon ions in ultrathin tetrahedral amorphous carbon films

We presented the combined experimental and simulation study on stress evolution as a function of incident angles of carbon ions for the ultrathin tetrahedral amorphous carbon films (ta-C). The residual stress was found about 3.6 +/- 0.1 GPa for the incident angle of C ions with range of 0 degrees-30 degrees, while it decreased significantly to 2.8 GPa with the incident angle of 60 degrees. Different with the previous reports, noted that in this case both the sp(3) content and mechanical properties of film were not deteriorated. Taking molecular dynamics simulation, it was in particularly concluded that the critical relaxation of distorted C-sp(3) bond lengths and bond angles played key role on the unusual stress reduction mechanism. The results provide a route to fabricate the ultrathin ta-C films with low stress and high hardness for the precision wear resistant applications. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Acanthochiton rubrolineatus (Polyplacophora) Based on Mitochondrial and Nuclear Gene Markers

Acanthochiton rubrolineatus (Cryptoplacidae, Neoloricata, Polyplacophora) has a narrow distribution range along the seacoasts of China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan. We collected 238 samples from eight localities along the Chinese coast, and analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure with COI, 16S-rRNA and 28S-rRNA gene sequences. All analyses based on combined sequences of COI and 16S-rRNA suggested that there was evident genetic differentiation between the northern populations (YT, WH, DL, QD, LYG) and southern populations (ZS, YH, XM) of A. rubrolineatus. The haplotype distribution pattern and genetic diversity based on 28S-rRNA sequences also supported the genetic divergence between the two groups. Both groups had experienced population expansion after the ice age of Pleistocene, and an additional population bottleneck had happened in the southern group in recent history, which led to low genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA and abnormally high diversity of nuclear DNA in this group. Our results suggested that the protection on A. rubrolineatus is necessary, and the northern and southern group should be protected separately

Data from: Phylogeography of Chinese house mice (Mus musculus musculus/castaneus): distribution, routes of colonization and geographic regions of hybridization

Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the biogeographic history of Chinese house mice based on data from mtDNA control region sequences and 10 microsatellite loci in 535 individuals sampled from 29 localities. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two distinct evolutionary lineages corresponding to M. m. castaneus in the South and M. m. musculus in the North, with the Yangtze River roughly representing the boundary between these subspecies. More detailed analyses using published sequence data from mice sampled in neighboring countries revealed the migration routes of the two subspecies into China: M. m. castaneus appears to have migrated through a southern route (Yunnan and Guangxi), while M. m. musculus entered China from Kazakhstan through the northwest border (Xinjiang). Bayesian analyses of mitochondrial sequences indicated rapid population expansions in both subspecies, approximately 4,650-9,300 years ago for M. m. castaneus and approximately 7,150-14,300 years ago for M. m. musculus. Interestingly, the migration routes of Chinese house mice coincide with the colonization routes of modern humans into China, and the expansion times of house mice are consistent with the development of agriculture in southern China and northern China respectively. Finally, our study confirmed the existence of a hybrid zone between M. m. castaneus and M. m. musculus near the Yangtze River. Further study of this hybrid zone will provide a useful counterpart to the well-studied hybrid zone between M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus in central Europe

Covalently Functionalized Graphene by Radical Polymers for Graphene-Based High-Performance Cathode Materials

Polymer-functionalized graphene sheets play an important role in graphene-containing composite materials. Herein, functionalized graphene sheets covalently linked with radical polymer, graphene-<i>graft</i>-poly­(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-yl methacrylate) (G-<i>g</i>-PTMA), were prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). A composite cathode with G-<i>g</i>-PTMA as major active material and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as conductive additive was fabricated via a simple dispersing–depositing process, and this composite cathode exhibited a relatively high specific capacity up to 466 mAh g^–1 based on the mass of PTMA, which is much higher than the theoretical capacity of PTMA. This extraordinary electrochemical performance is attributed to the fast one-electron redox reaction of G-<i>g</i>-PTMA and surface Faradaic reaction of RGO boosted by G-<i>g</i>-PTMA, which suggested that G-<i>g</i>-PTMA sheets play a dual role in the composite materials, that is, on the one hand provided the fast one-electron redox reaction of PTMA and on the other hand worked as nanofiller for facilitating the surface Faradaic reaction-based lithium storage of RGO

Graphite-like carbon films by high power impulse magnetron sputtering

tHigh-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), coupled with a direct-current magnetron sputter-ing (dcMS) in parallel, was employed to fabricate graphite-like amorphous carbon (GLC) films. Differentimpulse voltages were applied in HiPIMS during the film deposition. The structure and mechanical prop-erties of the GLC films deposited by the HiPIMS were investigated. The bonding structure of the films wasanalyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy(AFM) and Nano-indentation were used to characterize the surface quality and micro-hardness, respec-tively. Internal stress of the films was calculated based on the curvature measured by a laser tester.Tribological behavior of the GLC films is studied by a ball-on-disk tribometer in ambient condition. Theeffects of impulse voltage on deposition rate, internal stress, mechanical and tribological properties ofthe GLC films were investigated. The results are analyzed and discussed