Hemi-Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in a Premature Infant: A Case Report

Background: This study reports the case of an infant patient with organized vitreous hemorrhage (VH) due to hemi-central retinal vein occlusion (Hemi-CRVO) secondary to thrombocytosis.Case report: A twenty-seven-day-old female infant with the gestational age of 30 weeks and 2040 grams weight at the time of birth and the history of a twenty-five-day admission in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) due to idiopathic hydrops was referred to the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) clinic of the Khatam-al-Anbia Eye Hospital, for usual ROP screening. We found an organized VH in her left eye; so, we vitrectomized her eye. With the diagnosis of hemi-CRVO due to thrombocytosis, she is under observation.Conclusion: In this report, thrombocytosis showed to be a cause of hemi-CRVO; and the patient’s laboratory test review is important in such case

The urgent need for integrated science to fight COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

The COVID-19 pandemic has become the leading societal concern. The pandemic has shown that the public health concern is not only a medical problem, but also afects society as a whole; so, it has also become the leading scientifc concern. We discuss in this treatise the importance of bringing the world’s scientists together to fnd efective solu‑ tions for controlling the pandemic. By applying novel research frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration promises to manage the pandemic’s consequences and prevent recurrences of similar pandemics

Production of iron enriched Saccharomyces boulardii: impact of process variables

Abstract About half of the 1.62 billion cases of anemia are because of poor diet and iron deficiency. Currently, the use of iron-enriched yeasts can be used as the most effective and possible way to prevent and treat anemia due to the ability of biotransformation of mineral compounds into the organic form. In this research, for the first time, Saccharomyces (S.) boulardii was used for iron enrichment with the aim that the probiotic properties of yeast provide a potential iron supplement besides improving the bioavailability of iron. Also, due to its higher resistance than other Saccharomyces strains against stresses, it can protect iron against processing temperatures and stomach acidic-enzymatic conditions. So, the effect of three important variables, including concentration of iron, molasses and KH2PO4 on the growth and biotransformation of yeast was investigated by the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The best conditions occurred in 3 g/l KH2PO4, 20 g/l molasses and 12 mg/l FeSO4 with the highest biotransformation 27 mg Fe/g dry cell weight (DCW) and 6 g/l biomass weight. Such yeast can improve fermented products, provide potential supplement, and restore the lost iron of bread, which is a useful iron source, even for vegetarians-vegans and play an important role in manage with anemia. It is recommended that in future researches, attention should be paid to increasing the iron enrichment of yeast through permeabilizing the membrane and overcoming the structural barrier of the cell wall

Application of Microwave-Assisted Method for Lutein Extraction from Pistachio Waste

Lutein is a xanthophyll family of carotenoids, found in flowers, vegetables, and fruits either in esterified or non-esterified fatty acid form. It is mainly administered in pharmacological products, dietary additives, the food industry, and animal feeding industries. This study was conducted on the ̳Fandoghi‘ variety from the Markazi province for pistachio hull lutein extraction and quantification. This study aimed to assess the lutein in pistachio hull and optimize its extraction protocol by new extraction methods with emphasis on microwave-assisted method (MAE). The powder from dried pistachio hulls obtained from fresh raw un-hulled pistachios was applied for further analysis. An experimental design based on the central composite design was applied for the extraction using the MAE method and extraction optimization. The lutein contents were quantitatively analyzed using a validated LC-MS/MS method. According to the free form of lutein, Ethyl acetate was applied as an extraction solvent with the MAE method followed by the setting up of the extraction time, temperature, and solvent/sample ratio as variables. Under optimal experimental conditions corresponding to 5 min extraction time at 40°C, and 30 mg ml-1 of the solvent/sample ratio, the amount of lutein obtained from dried pistachio hull was 3.86 mg 100 g-1. The MAE method is a green, time-saving, and cost-effective method for lutein extraction from pistachio hull that can be suggested for lutein extraction from other plant materials and it can be applied in industrial scale

Optimization of Lutein Extraction from Pistachio Waste Using Experimental Design and Ultrasonic Method

Background Agricultural by-products rich in lutein such as pistachio hull can be applied in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food manufacturing. The development of rapid and cost-effective extraction methods of lutein from pistachio hull to optimize lutein recovery is of great interest to transpose to an industrial scale. Herein, we optimized the extraction protocol of lutein from the Iranian pistachio hull using experimental design and ultrasonic method. Methods Fresh raw un-hulled pistachios were harvested and dehulled, then hulls were dried and finely powdered to use for further analysis. Soxhlet process was carried out to obtain pistachio hull oleoresin and response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of saponification and ultrasonic methods. The lutein contents were quantitatively analyzed and validated using LC-MS/MS system. Results Our results showed that lutein in pistachio hull is mainly in free form, therefore the saponification method is not necessary for its extraction. Under optimal experimental design conditions, the maximum amount of lutein predicted and observed was 7.90 and 7.97 mg/100 g, respectively. Ethyl acetate was applied as an extraction solvent with the ultrasonic method followed by the setting up of the extraction time, temperature and solvent/sample ratio as variables. Under optimal experimental conditions corresponding to 45 min extraction time at 50 °C and 35.5 mg/ml of the solvent/sample ratio, the amount of lutein obtained from dried pistachio hull was 5.14 mg/100 g. Conclusion Pistachio waste products are rich in lutein which is in free from, so the administration of ultrasonic extraction using Ethyl acetate as a green and cost-effective method can be applied for lutein extraction from other plant materials and suggested for application on an industrial scale.</p

Evaluation of the Organic Acids Ability for Extraction of Anthocyanins and Phenolic Compounds from Different Sources and Their Degradation Kinetics During Cold Storage

The study of anthocyanin and phenolic acids has always received much attention due to their extensive range of colors and potential beneficial health effects. In this study extraction of anthocyanins from barberry, eggplant peel and red cabbage was investigated by using different organic solvents. Soluble solid content, antioxidant capacity, total monomeric anthocyanins and total phenolic content were determined and then degradation kinetics of anthocyanin in different solution during freezing process was assayed. In order to examine the effect of different acids on the degree of extraction of anthocyanin and total phenol, varied concentration of hydrochloric, citric and acetic acids were dissolved in a mixture of water and ethanol to prepare acidified aqueous solution. Results indicated that citric acid solution is one of the best solvents for phenolic and anthocyanin extraction which showed the best scavenging activity of DPPH radical. Results from degradation kinetics of total monomeric anthocyanins revealed that stability of anthocyanins in the solution depended on temperature and other ingredients which are present in the medium. Moreover, the present data confirmed that barberry and red cabbage acidified extracts could be one of the more stable natural food colorants based on anthocyanins

The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in muscle tissue of farmed Iranian rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), feed, and water samples collected from the west of Iran : a risk assessment study

The pollution of the environment by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is one of the most important raised concerns. Therefore, the current investigation was devoted to measuring the concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium(Cd), elemental mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in muscle tissue of farmed rainbow trout (n = 30) as well as their feed (n = 15) and water (n = 15) samples collected from farms (Hamadan Province, Iran) by the aid of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Also, the associated risk for human and biomagnification factor (BMF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) for PTEs in the fish muscle through feed and water were calculated. The mean concentration of Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Fe, Zn, and Cu in rainbow trout muscle was reported as 0.056 +/- 0.040 mu g g(-1) wet weight, <LOD, 0.014 +/- 0.016 mu g g(-1) wet weight, 0.140 +/- 0.188 mu g g(-1) wet weight, 1.051 +/- 0.909 mu g g(-1) wet weight, 0.635 +/- 0.725 mu g g(-1) wet weight, and 0.275 +/- 0.325 mu g g(-1) wet weight, respectively, while all of the samples were contaminated in the concentrations below the permitted limits by regulatory bodies such as EC, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and WHO/FAO. No significant difference between the amounts of PTEs among the collected feed and water samples was noted, while the corresponded values for PTE concentrations also were lower than the allowable limits. The values of BMF and BCF for all analyzed PTEs through water and feed were lower than 1000, demonstrating that the rainbow trout muscle could not be considered as a bioaccumulative tissue for PTEs. Additionally, no health risk due to ingestions of investigated PTEs via consumption of this rainbow trout fish was noted2633345843459

Sour Cherry (Cerasus vulgaris Miller) Kernel Oil as the Novel Functional Edible Oil: Sensory Evaluation and Antioxidant and Physicochemical Properties

This study aims to extract oil from fresh sour cherry kernel (Cerasus vulgaris Miller) using the cold press method. The oil content and moisture were obtained as 31.89% and 4%, respectively. The organoleptic assessment of the oil was acceptable and the free fatty acid value was obtained as 1.36 (mg KOH/g oil). In addition, peroxide value and anisidine index of sour cherry kernel oil were obtained as 0.99 meqO2/kg oil and 0.15, respectively. The predominant fatty acids were linoleic acid (42.34%), oleic acid (35.45%), α-eleostearic acid (9.34%), and palmitic acid (6.54%), respectively. The kernel oil contained nine major triacylglycerols consisting of OLL (20.44%), OOL (16.99%), LLL (8.20%), LLEl (7.28%), PLO (7.24%), OElO (5.03%), OOO (4.70%), ElLO (4.54%), PLL (4.35%), and POO (3%), respectively. The most abundant sterol compounds were β-sitosterol (83.55%), ∆5-avenasterol (6.8%), sitostanol (4.8%), campesterol (3.5%), and stigmasterol (0.53%), respectively. Also, antioxidant activity, total phenol content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannin content (TTC), and total tocopherol content were obtained as 73.22%, 33.44 mg GA/g dry matter, 177.84 mg/L, 46.37 mg/g dry matter, and 1.21 mg GA/g dry matter, 832.5 mg/kg oil, respectively. The amount of amygdalin in the oil sample was not detectable

Human-Gyrovirus-Apoptin Triggers Mitochondrial Death Pathway—Nur77 is Required for Apoptosis Triggering :

The human gyrovirus derived protein Apoptin (HGV-Apoptin) a homologue of the chicken anemia virus Apoptin (CAV-Apoptin), a protein with high cancer cells selective toxicity, trigger apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. In this paper, we show that HGV-Apoptin acts independently from the death receptor pathway as it induces apoptosis in similar rates in Jurkat cells deficient in either FADD-function or caspase-8 (key players of the extrinsic pathway) and their parental clones. HGV-Apoptin induces apoptosis via the activation of the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. It induces both mitochondrial inner and outer membrane permebilization, characterized by the loss of the mitochondrial potential and the release into cytoplasm of the pro-apoptotic molecules including apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c. HGV-Apoptin acts via the apoptosome, as lack of expression of APAF1 in murine embryonic fibroblast strongly protected the cells from HGV-Apoptin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, QVD-oph a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor delayed HGV-Apoptin-induced death. On the other hand, overexpression of the anti-apoptotic BCL-XL confers resistance to HGV-Apoptin induced cell death. In contrast, cells that lack the expression of the pro-apoptotic BAX and BAK are protected from HGV-Apoptin induced apoptosis. Furthermore, HGV-Apoptin acts independently from p53 signal but triggers the cytoplasmic translocation of Nur77. Taking together this data indicate that HGV-Apoptin acts through the mitochondrial pathway, in a caspase-dependent manner but independently from the death receptor pathway

Human-Gyrovirus-Apoptin Triggers Mitochondrial Death Pathway—Nur77 is Required for Apoptosis Triggering :

The human gyrovirus derived protein Apoptin (HGV-Apoptin) a homologue of the chicken anemia virus Apoptin (CAV-Apoptin), a protein with high cancer cells selective toxicity, trigger apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. In this paper, we show that HGV-Apoptin acts independently from the death receptor pathway as it induces apoptosis in similar rates in Jurkat cells deficient in either FADD-function or caspase-8 (key players of the extrinsic pathway) and their parental clones. HGV-Apoptin induces apoptosis via the activation of the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. It induces both mitochondrial inner and outer membrane permebilization, characterized by the loss of the mitochondrial potential and the release into cytoplasm of the pro-apoptotic molecules including apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c. HGV-Apoptin acts via the apoptosome, as lack of expression of APAF1 in murine embryonic fibroblast strongly protected the cells from HGV-Apoptin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, QVD-oph a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor delayed HGV-Apoptin-induced death. On the other hand, overexpression of the anti-apoptotic BCL-XL confers resistance to HGV-Apoptin induced cell death. In contrast, cells that lack the expression of the pro-apoptotic BAX and BAK are protected from HGV-Apoptin induced apoptosis. Furthermore, HGV-Apoptin acts independently from p53 signal but triggers the cytoplasmic translocation of Nur77. Taking together this data indicate that HGV-Apoptin acts through the mitochondrial pathway, in a caspase-dependent manner but independently from the death receptor pathway