Do Body Mass Index, Q Angle, and Pes Planus Affect Walking Age in Children with Down Syndrome and Their Typically Developing Peers?

Objective: To investigate the effects of body mass index (BMI), quadriceps angle (Q0) and pes planus on walking age in children with Down syndrome (DS) and typically developing peers. Methods: Bodyweight, height and Q0 were measured and footprints were obtained in 50 children with DS and 50 typically developing children (control), ages between 2-6 years. BMI and Staheli index (SI) were calculated. Results: The mean walking age was 26±8 months in the DS group and 12±2 months in the control group (

Analysis of peripapillary choroidal thickness in unilateral amblyopia

Purpose: To evaluate the peripapillary choroidal thickness (CT) in children with unilateral amblyopia using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: One hundred and six eyes of 53 children with unilateral amblyopia and 20 eyes of 20 children with normal vision were involved in this study. Of the 53 children with unilateral amblyopia, 29 (54.7%) had hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and 24 (45.3%) had strabismic amblyopia. Peripapillary CT was measured from 6 mm length radial B-scans at the optic nerve head using the enhanced depth imaging program of an SD-OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). Age, sex, refractive error, and best-corrected visual acuity were also recorded. Results: The average peripapillary CT was greater in amblyopic eyes than in the fellow eyes of the children with amblyopia (P = 0.002), and control eyes (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the fellow eyes of children with amblyopia and the control eyes (P = 0.158). The average peripapillary CT was negatively correlated with axial length (AL) in amblyopic eyes (r = -0.381; P = 0.005) and fellow eyes (r = -0.392; P = 0.004) but not in control eyes (r = -0.232; P = 0.325). After adjustment for the possible effects of AL, the average peripapillary CT in amblyopic eyes was still greater than in fellow eyes (P = 0.014) and control eyes (P = 0.022). Conclusion: The peripapillary choroid of eyes with amblyopia was thicker than that of the fellow eyes and control eyes. No significant difference was observed between fellow eyes and control eyes

Is vitamin D deficiency associated with mortality in intensive care patients? An observational retrospective study

Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate effects of vitamin D levels in intensive care patients on length of stay in intensive care unit and duration of hospitalization, and the need for mechanical ventilation.Material and Methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective study between February 2015 and January 2016. Length of stay in the intensive care unit and duration of hospitalization, and the need for mechanical ventilation were compared among all patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit and whose 25 (OH) D levels were examined. We further investigated whether vitamin D levels have an effect on 30-day mortality.Results: A total of 155 patients were included in the study. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 123 (79%) patients, and vitamin D insufficiency in 21 (13%) patients, while vitamin D levels were evaluated as normal in the remaining 11 (7%) patients. The effects of 25(OH)D levels of the patients on the length of stay in the intensive care unit (P0.302), duration of hospitalization (P0.363), and the need for mechanical ventilation (P0.150) were not statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was observed between the mortality rates according to vitamin D levels (P0.377).Conclusion: We found that 25 (OH) D vitamin levels were significantly low in intensive care patients. Although it is difficult to achieve a clear result because of a wide range of comorbidities in intensive care unit patients, we believe that further prospective randomized studies are warranted to clarify this issue

Requirements of protective ileostomy after mesorectal excision in patients with rectal cancer who treated by adjuvant therapy

Amaç: Rektum kanseri için neoadjuvan kemoradyoterapi kullanımı hızla gelişmektedir. Neoadjuvan tedavilerdeki tüm gelişmelere karşın kemoradyoterapi alan hastalarda cerrahi sonrası komplikasyonlar ise hala tartışmalıdır. Çalışmamızın amacı rektum kanserinde neoadjuvan tedavi sonrası küratif cerrahi uygulanan hastalarda koruyucu ileostomi gerekliliğinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve yöntemler: Kliniğimizde, neoadjuvan tedavi sonrası low anterior rezeksiyon ve total mezorektal eksizyon uygulanan rektum kanserli 19 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Ameliyat süresi, peroperatif ve postoperatif komplikasyonları, morbidite, mortalite ve hastade kalış süreleri ileostomi durumuna göre kıyaslandı. İstatistiksel analizde ki kare ve Mann Whitney U testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: İleostomi açılan grupta anastomoz kaçağı 2 hastada görülürken açılmayan grupta 1 hastada anastomoz kaçağı gözlendi. Gruplar arasında postoperatif morbidite açısından anlamlı fark gözlenmedi. Komplikasyon ve hastanede kalış süreleri benzerdi. İleostomi açılmayan grupta ameliyat süresi daha kısaydı. Sonuç: Rektum kanserinde neoadjuvan tedavi sonrası küratif rezeksiyon yapılan hastalarda koruyucu ileostominin komplikasyonları ve morbiditeyi artırmadığını düşünmekteyiz. Ancak bu konunun daha geniş serilerde irdelenmesi gerekmektedirObjectives: The use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer is developing rapidly. Despite all the advances in neoadjuvant therapy, complications after surgery is still controversial in patients who receiving chemoradiation. The aim of our study is to investi- gate the necessity of protective ileostomy after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer patients who undergoing curative surgery. Mate- rial and methods: Data of 19 rectal cancer patients who were treaded with low anterior resection and total mesorectal excision after neoadjuvant therapy were evaluated retrospectively. Surgical operation time, intraoperative and postoperative complications, mor- bidity, mortality and length of stay in hospital were compared according to ileostomy state. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used as statistical analysis. Results: Anastomotic leakage was seen two patients in ileostomy group while in other group leakage was seen one patient. No significant differences between the groups about postoperative morbidity was observed. Complications and length of hospital stay were similar. Surgery time was shorter in without ileostomy group. Conclusion: We believe that protective ileostomy after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection, not increasing complications and morbidity. However, this issue needs to be evaluated in larger serie

Two-dimensional shear wave elastography in the assessment of salivary gland involvement in primary sjogren's syndrome

Erdoğan, Hasan ( Aksaray, Yazar )Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of two-dimensional (2D) shear wave elastography (SWE) in the assessment of salivary gland involvement in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). Methods Fifty-three patients with pSS and 30 healthy volunteers were included. The echogenicity of all submandibular and parotid glands was evaluated with B-mode ultrasound, and their elasticity was assessed with 2D SWE. The mean and standard deviation of the shear wave speed and elasticity modes on 2D SWE were calculated. Results The mean shear wave speed and elasticity mode values for the submandibular and parotid glands were significantly higher in the patients with pSS (P < .05). The mean elasticity of the shear wave speed mode was best able to differentiate the parotid glands of patients with pSS from those of healthy volunteers at a cutoff value of 2.48 m/s, whereas the mean elasticity of the elasticity mode was best able to differentiate the submandibular glands of patients with pSS from those of healthy volunteers at a cutoff value of 21 kPa. Conclusions Two-dimensional SWE is an effective technique for assessment of the parenchyma of the salivary glands in patients with pSS and predicts interstitial fibrosis and the severity of histologic damage

Relationship of preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio with prognosis in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Amaç: Gastrointestinal stromal tümörlerin lokal etkileriyle immünsupresyonda rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. İnflamasyonla ilişkili bazı kanserlerde tedavi öncesi nötrofil lenfosit oranındaki artış kötü prognozun göstergesi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı gastrointestinal stromal tümör hastalarında kan nötrofil lenfosit oranı ile hastalığın prognozunu değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kliniğimizde primer gastrointestinal stromal tümör nedeniyle cerrahi uygulanan 78 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların operasyon öncesi periferik kandan bakılan nötrofil lenfosit oranları belirlendi. Nötrofil lenfosit oranı ile tümör riski ve prognoz arasındaki ilişki karşılaştırıldı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Pearson korelasyon analizi ve ANOVA Welch testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Preoperatif nötrofil lenfosit oranındaki artış patolojik olarak yüksek riskli gastrointestinal stromal tümör gruplarında anlamlıydı (p0,05). Preoperatif nötrofil lenfosit oranı yüksek olan hastaların sağkalımları düşüktü (r- 0,32, p0,009). Ayrıca nötrofil lenfosit oranı artışı ile tümör mitotik aktivitesi artışı benzerdi (r-0,364, p0,025). Sonuç: Gastrointestinal stromal tümörlerde preoperatif nötrofil lenfosit oranı yüksek riskli tümörlerin belirlenmesinde ve kötü prognozun göstergesi olarak kullanılabilecek bir parametredir.Objective: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are believed to play a role in immunosuppression with their local effect. In some cancers with associated inflammation, an increased pretreatment neutrophil lymphocyte ratio is considered as an indicator of poor prognosis. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship of increased blood neutrophil lymphocyte ratio with disease prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Material and Methods: The data of 78 patients who underwent surgery with the diagnosis of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor in our clinic were evaluated retrospectively. The preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in the peripheral blood was determined. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and its relationship with tumor risk and prognosis were compared. The data were evaluated by Pearson's correlation analysis and the Welch ANOVA test. Results: The preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was significantly increased in the high-risk groups (p>0.05). An increased preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was associated with shorter survival (r-0.32, p0.009). In addition, an increase in the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was associated with an increase in the mitotic activity of the tumor (r-0.364, p0.025). Conclusion: The preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in gastrointestinal stromal tumors can be used as an indicator of high-risk tumors and poor prognosis

Participation Trends And Performance Analysis Of Turkey'S Long-Distance Runs Between 2007-2017

Backgroung: Long-distance running events have gained more popularity worldwide over years. However, the number of participants to such events, age and sex distribution of participants may vary by country. Material and methods: We have investigated participation trends and performances of the finishers of three different courses (15km, half-marathon, marathon) in two of the biggest running events in Turkey (the Antalya and Istanbul marathons) between 2007-2017. Results: Our results have shown that runners who completed the 15km course were the highest and marathon finishers were the lowest in number each year. Among native runners, male participation in each distance and event is higher than female participation. Native female marathon finishers increased only by 0.23% in 6 years. In all distances, women run at a lower average speed than men each year. Between 2007-2017, the mean average speed of women were 9.10km/h (+/- 0.18), 9.71km/h (+/- 1.62) and 9.72km/h (+/- 1.73) and the mean average speed of men were 10.45km/h (+/- 2.02), 10.89km/h (+/- 1.83) and 10.40km/h (+/- 1.80) at 15km, 21km and 42km respectively. Conclusions: An important sex gap was observed in participation in long-distance runs in Turkey, which is more pronounced in marathons. Performance analysis showed that females' mean average speed is lower than males' in all distances.Wo

Künt Karın Travmasına Bağlı Solid Organ Yaralanmalarında Non operatif Tedavi-Dalak Yaralanmaları

Amaç: Künt karın travmasına bağlı solid organ yaralanması olan hastalarda nonoperatif tedavi (NOT) uygulaması güncel yaklaşımdır.NOT uygulanan travmalı hastaların takibinde halen birliktelik yoktur. Çalışmamızda literatürde NOT uygulama aşamasında bazı aydınlatılmayan alanlara ışık tutmayı amaçladık. Materyal-Metod: Çalışmamızda künt karın travmasına bağlı dalak yaralanması tespit edilen hastalar değerlendirildi. NOT başarılı olan hastalar ve NOT başarısız olup laparatomi yapılan hastalar tasnif edildi. Laparotomiye dönüş kriterlerimiz ise yeterli resusitasyona rağmen hemodinaminin instabil olması ve peritoneal irritasyon bulgularının varlığıydı.Yaralanma derecesine göre kendi içlerinde karşılaştırılarak analiz edildi.Gruplar karşılaştırılırken demografik bilgiler, travmanın oluş şekli,girişteki hemodinamik durum, BT’de yaralanmanın derecesi, yatış süresi boyunca kan ve kan ürünleri transfüzyonu gereksinimi, laparatomi gereksinimi, hastanede kalış süreleri, yoğun bakım ihtiyacı, ilk başvurudaki hemoglobin/hematokrit/lökosit sayısı değişimi ve oral beslenme zamanının tayini parametreleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: NOT uygulanan 72 vaka retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. 10 hastada NOT uygulanırken başarısızlıkla sonuçlandı ve laparatomi uygulandı. Sonuç: Grade 3 ve üzeri yaralanmaların takibinde görüntüleme tetkikleri gerekebilir. NOT uygulanan hastalara hastaneye girişten itibaren yakın hemodinamik izlem, sık tekrarlayan fizik muayene ve etkin sıvı resusitasyonu yapılmalıdır. NOT uygulanan dalak travmalı hastalarda taburculuk sonrası erken dönemde yeniden kanama ve splenik abse gibi komplikasyonların olabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır

How does neurokinin 3 receptor agonism affect pathological and cognitive impairments in an Alzheimer’s disease-like rat model?

© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is accepted as a form of progressive dementia. Cholinergic systems are commonly affected in AD. Neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) is involved in learning memory-related processes. It is known that the activation of NK3R affects the release of many neurotransmitters. The aim of this project was to investigate the effects of NK3R agonist senktide administration on neurobehavioral mechanisms in the experimental AD-like rat model. 50 male Wistar albino rats were divided into Control (C), AD, Control + NK3R agonist (CS), AD + NK3R agonist (ADS), AD + NK3Ragonist + antagonist groups (ADSO). We designed AD-like model by intrahippocampal administration of Aβ1-42. After NK3R agonist + antagonist injections, open field (OF), Morris water maze (MWM) tests were applied. Cholinergic mechanism analysis from hippocampus-cortex tissues was performed by ELISA and catecholamine analysis from brain stem tissue were performed by HPLC method. The transitions from edge to center, rearing, grooming parameters were found to be reduced in final values of OF. While the group–time interaction was significant in the OF test findings, there was no significant difference between the groups. In MWM test, ADS group showed a learning level close to control group and animals in AD and ADSO groups could not learn target quadrant in MWM test. The brain stem NA and DA concentrations were not statistically significant. Hippocampal AChE-ChAT levels were supported by positive effects of senktide on learning via the cholinergic mechanisms. As a result, NK3R agonists were found to be effective in improving cognitive functions in rats with AD pathology. In the experimental AD model, positive effects of NK3R on learning memory may be mediated by cholinergic mechanisms

Changes in Liver Tissue Trace Element Concentrations During Hepatitis B Viral Infection Treatment

Approximately 350-400 million people in the world have Hbs Ag (hepatitis B virus surface antigen) positivity. In the international guidelines, the permanent suppression of replication in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection therapy is reported as the primary therapeutic goal. Trace elements play a key role in liver diseases. The aim of our study is to determine some trace element concentrations in the liver during HBV treatment periods. The measurement of 11 trace elements (manganese, lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium, iron, copper, zinc, silver, cobalt, and aluminum) was carried out by the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in liver biopsy materials (before starting treatment and at the sixth month of the treatment period). There was an increase in zinc and copper concentrations in liver materials at the sixth month of treatment compared to the pre-treatment values (the median zinc value was 48.05g/g before treatment and 74.9g/g at 6months after initial treatment, p=0.035; median copper was 2.82g/g before treatment and 5.31g/g after 6months, p=0.002). General estimations indicated that zinc (p=0.002), iron (p=0.0244), copper (p=0.0003), and aluminum (p=0.0239) values may be effective in HAI (histological activity index) changes. Only iron levels could be at a very low level effective on the changes caused by fibrosis (p=0.0002). Liver tissue zinc and copper levels increased in parallel with the improvement of inflammation in antiviral-treated HBV patients. In addition, the levels of zinc and copper in the liver tissue can be useful markers for liver tissue damage detection