Determination of genetic distance between East Anatolian Red, Brown Swiss, Holstein and Simmental breeds of cattle using polymorphic systems

Genetic distances were determined according to Nei, Cavalli-Sforza and Reynolds methods between the Brown Swiss (173), Simmental (80), Holstein (18) and East Anatolian Red (51) cattle breeds using milk protein (as) and blood protein types (Hb and Tf). The distribution of phenotypic frequencies in all the four breeds for all systems except alpha s(1)-Cn was significant (P<0.01) using chi-square test. Phylogenetic trees based on the polymorphic systems of the populations obtained by three different methods of Nei, Cavalli-Sforza and Reynolds were found to be similar. According to the phylogenetic trees Brown Swiss and Simmental cattle breeds fall in one group and dairy (Holstein) and Native (East Anatolian Red) breeds in different groups

bGH/AluI and CSN3/HinfI Gene Polymorphisms in Holstein Cattle

The aim of the study was to determine the gene and genotype frequencies of the bGH/AluI and CSN3/HinfI gene in the animal material obtained from organic farm by PCR-RFLP method. A total of 248 cattle of Holstein breed were genotyped for the bGH/AluI and CSN3 HinfI polymorphism. In bGH gene region, the LL, LV and VV genotype frequencies were 0.50, 0.48 and 0.02 respectively and In CSN3 gene region, the AA, AB and BB genotype frequencies were 0.71, 0.23 and 0.06 respectively. Both bGH/AluI and CSN3/HinfI genotypes were not found to be in equilibrium within the breed. Also, both heterozygosity were found at a high rate as 0.478 and 0.234 and the calculated FIS values were -0.24 and 0.20 respectively

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6&nbsp;years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P &lt; 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100&nbsp;years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception

Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: “AbSeS”, a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM Trials Group Project

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection in an international cohort of ICU patients according to a new system that classifies cases according to setting of infection acquisition (community-acquired, early onset hospital-acquired, and late-onset hospital-acquired), anatomical disruption (absent or present with localized or diffuse peritonitis), and severity of disease expression (infection, sepsis, and septic shock). Methods: We performed a multicenter (n = 309), observational, epidemiological study including adult ICU patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal infection. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: The cohort included 2621 patients. Setting of infection acquisition was community-acquired in 31.6%, early onset hospital-acquired in 25%, and late-onset hospital-acquired in 43.4% of patients. Overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 26.3% and difficult-to-treat resistant Gram-negative bacteria 4.3%, with great variation according to geographic region. No difference in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed according to setting of infection acquisition. Overall mortality was 29.1%. Independent risk factors for mortality included late-onset hospital-acquired infection, diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, septic shock, older age, malnutrition, liver failure, congestive heart failure, antimicrobial resistance (either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, or carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria) and source control failure evidenced by either the need for surgical revision or persistent inflammation. Conclusion: This multinational, heterogeneous cohort of ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection revealed that setting of infection acquisition, anatomical disruption, and severity of disease expression are disease-specific phenotypic characteristics associated with outcome, irrespective of the type of infection. Antimicrobial resistance is equally common in community-acquired as in hospital-acquired infection

Determination of color-changing effects of bleaching chemicals on some heat-treated woods

The aim of this study was to use bleaching chemicals to remove the discoloration occurring on the surface of wood after heat treatment in order to restore the natural color of the wood. For this purpose, samples prepared from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.), sessile oak (Quercus petraeaL.), Eastern beech (Fagus orientalisL.), and Uludag fir (Abies bornmuellerianaMattf.) were exposed to heat treatment at temperatures of 140 and 160 degrees C for time periods of 3, 5, and 7 h. Bleaching solutions S1 (NaOH + H2O2), S2 (NaSiO3 + H2O2), and S3 (H2C2O4) at a concentration of 18% were then applied to the surface of the materials and the color change was determined according to ASTM D 2244 standard. Depending on the heat treatment temperature and duration, an increase in total color change values was detected on the surfaces of the materials and the color of the samples became darker. The total color change values decreased after bleaching with the S2 solution in the heat-treated Scots pine and fir samples, with the S3 solution in the beech samples, and with the S1, S2, and S3 solutions in the oak samples. The findings showed that by using bleaching chemicals to lighten wood materials darkened after heat treatment, it is possible to obtain results close to the natural color values.WOS:0005769787000022-s2.0-8509172306

Cause of Dysphagia: Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis

WOS: 000406221900008

EARNINGS MANAGEMENT, AUDIT QUALITY AND LEGAL ENVIRONMENT: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

This paper investigates the relationship between earnings management-audit quality and earnings management-legal system quality by using 1507 firms’ observations from listed companies in private firms across different 8 emerging countries. Consistent with previous research, differentiation between Big 4 and non-Big 4 audit firms are used as a audit quality proxy and discretionary accruals are used to measure the earnings management. According to the results, only for Brazilian and Mexican companies, there is significant relationship between the discretionary accruals and audit quality. For the other countries there is not significant relationship. Furthermore efficiency of the legal system helps decrease earnings management incentives. Along with results, the big four auditors do not constrain the earnings management incentives in every emerging country but effective legal system does. In this analysis we used other earnings management related variables like the size of the firms, leverage, lagged ROA of the firms which have loss in the previous year and Tobin Q as control variables

Spectral Analysis of Metal Ejection from NGC3311

Abell 1060 (Hydra I cluster, z = 0.0114) is an X-ray bright cluster of galaxies and is as an archetype of relaxed systems. There are two elliptical galaxies in the center, NGC 3311 as a central cD galaxy and NGC 3309. Previous X-ray observations with ROSAT and ASCA have shown that A1060 has circularly symmetric surface brightness, show an isothermal distribution of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) of 3.3 keV, a constant abundance of 0.3 solar, with the X-ray luminosity LX = 2 X 10(43) erg/s. More recently, Chandra observation of the central region of the A1060 cluster of galaxies resolved X-ray emission from two giant elliptical galaxies, NGC 3311 and NGC 3309. It is reported that the emission from these galaxies consists of two components, namely, the hot interstellar medium (ISM) and the low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). In this work, we focus on jet-like X-ray emission from NGC 3311. Spectral analysis shows that Northeast and Southwest regions have the metalicity values of 0.8 solar and 0.4 solar, respectively. Northeast region is enriched by chemical abundances due to supernova explosions at NCG 331