Synthesis of phosphazene containing polymer via ATRP method and investigation of dielectric properties

Bu çalışmada önce, 2,2-bis[(4-(klorasetiloksi)imino)-2-metoksifenoksi)-4,4,6,6,-bis[spiro(2’,2’’-dioksi1’,1’’- bifenilil)siklotrifosfazen sentezlendi. Sentezlenen fosfazen türevi, metil metakrilat ve n-bütil metakrilat monomerlerinin ATRP metoduyla polimerleşme reaksiyonlarında başlatıcı olarak kullanıldı. Sentezlenen maddelerin yapı karakterizasyonunda FT-IR, 1H ve 31P-NMR teknikleri kullanıldı. Termal davranışları DSC ve TGA ile ölçüldü. Ortalama molekül ağırlıkları ve heterojenlik indisleri GPC aletiyle ölçüldü. Sentezi yapılan polimerlerin dielektrik ölçümleri, impedans analizör cihazıyla, dielektrik sabiti, dağıtma faktörü gibi dielektrik davranışları sabit sıcaklıkta 50 Hz ile 2000 Hz frekans aralığında ölçülmüştür.In this work, 2,2-bis [(4- (chloracetyloxy) imino) -2-methoxyphenoxy) -4,4,6,6- bis [spiro (2 ', 2' '- dioxy-1', 1''- biphenylyl) cyclotriphosphazene was synthesized and it was used as an initiator in the polymerization reactions of methyl methacrylate and n-butyl methacrylate monomers via ATRP method. The structure and the thermal behavior of synthesized materials were analyzed by FT-IR, 1H, 31P-NMR, DSC and TGA techniques. The average molecular weights and heterogeneity indices were measured by GPC instrument. Dielectric measurements of the synthesized polymers such as dielectric constant, dispersion factor, at constant temperature in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 2000 Hz were measured by the impedance analyzer device

Comparison of botox and lateral internal sphincterotomy treatment outcomes in chronic anal fissures

Objective: Both botox and lateral internal sfinkterotomi are treatment technics used in chronic anal fissure; provide the relaxation of anal sphincter and as a result of this, healing occurs. Aim of this study is to compare efficacy of botox and LIS treatment in chronic anal fissure and discussing with the literature. Methods: 60 of 66 patients who has chronic anal fissure, that we reached, treated but not healed with medical therapy, appealed to the Dr. Sami Ulus Hospital included the study. Gender, age, fissure localization, complaints (pain, bleeding, itching, constipation), complaint length, recurrences after treatment, continence conditions and complications of patients were registered. Results: Sixty patients were enrolled the study. Of the 60 patients; 38(63.3%) were male and 22 (27.7%) were female. Mean age of all patients was 35.93 ± 11.45 (21 -60). Pain was the common complaint of the all patients. 10 (32.3%) recurrence were detected in botox treatment group (Group-I), only 1 (3.4%) recurrence was in LIS group (Group-II). There was no complication as an incontinence in group-I but 3 cases with incontinence (10.39%) were obtained in group-II. In the evaluation of these 3 cases by Cleveland Clinic Continence Scoring System, 2 cases classified as gas incontinence and 1 case as moderate fecal incontinence. Conclusion: Although botulinum toxin injection seen as an alternative treatment method with low complication rates such as incontinence, high recurrence is an important shortcoming of this technic. LIS performed by experienced surgeons remained the most popular treatment modality with low complication rates and great deal of healing success

Evaluation of Games in Games and Physical Activity Course Curriculum in terms of Common Basic Skills

The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the games in the “I am Playing Games” (IPG) compilation booklet that was used in the Games and Physical Activity (GPA) curriculum. 257 games in IPG compilation booklet were coded whether they had elements that would enable development of common basic skills or not. Common basic skills were critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, research, problem solving, using information technologies, entrepreneurship, speaking Turkish correctly, effectively, and fluently. Common Skills Control List (CSCL) that includes sub-skills belonging to each common basic skill was used for coding (Doğan, 2014). The results of the study indicated that the games in IPG compilation booklet included elements of critical thinking, creative thinking, and communication skills in all grades. The findings showed that problem solving and entrepreneurship skills were mostly represented in all grades except the first grade. And, research skills were the less used skills in the games. The effort of the study may guide educators and game experts to focus on particular common basic skills in order to create games for particular grade levels

Crizotinib efficacy and safety in patients with advanced NSCLC harboring MET alterations: A real-life data of Turkish Oncology Group

Crizotinib is a multikinase inhibitor, effective in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring mesenchymal-epidermal transition (MET) alterations. Although small prospective studies showed efficacy and safety of crizotinib in NSCLC with MET alterations, there is limited real-life data. Aim of this study is to investigate real-life efficacy and safety of crizotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC harboring MET alterations. This was a retrospective, multicenter (17 centers) study of Turkish Oncology Group. Patients' demographic, histological data, treatment, response rates, survival outcomes, and toxicity data were collected. Outcomes were presented for the study population and compared between MET alteration types. Total of 62 patients were included with a median age of 58.5 (range, 26-78). Major histological type was adenocarcinoma, and 3 patients (4.8%) had sarcomatoid component. The most common MET analyzing method was next generation sequencing (90.3%). MET amplification and mutation frequencies were 53.2% (n = 33) and 46.8% (n = 29), respectively. Overall response rate and disease control rate were 56.5% and 74.2% in whole study population, respectively. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 7.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8-10.5), and median overall survival (OS) was 18.7 months (95% CI: 13.7-23.7), regardless of treatment line. Median PFS was 6.1 months (95% CI: 5.6-6.4) for patients with MET amplification, whereas 14.3 months (95% CI: 6.7-21.7) for patients with MET mutation (P = .217). Median PFS was significantly longer in patients who have never smoked (P = .040), have good performance score (P < .001), and responded to the treatment (P < .001). OS was significantly longer in patients with MET mutation (25.6 months, 95% CI: 15.9-35.3) compared to the patients with MET amplification (11.0 months; 95% CI: 5.2-16.8) (P = .049). In never-smokers, median OS was longer than smoker patients (25.6 months [95% CI: 11.8-39.3] vs 16.5 months [95% CI: 9.3-23.6]; P = .049). The most common adverse effects were fatigue (50%), peripheral edema (21%), nausea (29%) and diarrhea (19.4%). Grade 3 or 4 adverse effects were observed in 6.5% of the patients. This real-life data confirms efficacy and safety of crizotinib in the treatment of advanced NSCLC harboring MET alteration

alkon İçerikli Metakrilat Polimerlerinin Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu, Termal, Dielektrik ve Floresans Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

In this study, the (1‐benzofurane‐2‐yl)‐3‐oxo‐prop‐1‐en‐1‐yl]‐2‐methoxyphenyl 2‐methyl acrylate monomer were synthesized from the acylation reaction of this compound with methacryloyl chloride that commercially purchased. Free radicalic or atom transfer radical polymerization methods were used for preparation of copolymers. FT‐IR, 1H and 13C‐NMR techniques were used for structure characterization of polymers. The thermal behaviors of polymers were relatively investigated by DSC and TGA, and the results were  compared with each other. The dielectric behaviors of polymers were investigated as a function of temperature and frequency. The results obtained were associated with their the structures. The spectroscopic properties of the polymers were investigated by UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Effects of the solvent polarity on emission measurement were investigated with fluorescence spectroscopy. Under cover of dimerization property of chalcone, the chalcone ended polymer was photodimerizatied.Bu çalışmada, (1‐benzofuran‐2‐il)’ in    vanilin ile reaksiyonundan (1‐benzofuran‐2‐il)‐3‐(4‐ hidroksi‐3‐metoksifenil)prop‐2‐en‐1‐on sentezlendi. Sentezlenen bu bileşik ile ticari olarak hazır alınan metakriloilklorür ile açilleme reaksiyonundan (1‐benzofuran‐2‐il)‐3‐okso‐prop‐1‐ en‐1‐il]‐2‐metoksifenil 2‐metilakrilat monomeri sentezlendi. Homopolimer ve kopolimerlerin hazırlanmasında serbest radikalik polimerizasyon ve atom transfer radikal polimerizasyon metodları kullanıldı. Yapı karakterizasyonunda ağırlıklı olarak FT‐IR, 1H ve 13C‐NMR teknikleri kullanıldı. Polimerlerin termal davranışları karşılaştırmalı olarak DSC ve TGA ile ölçüldü ve sonuçlar birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldı. Ortalama molekül ağırlıkları ve polidispersiteleri GPC ile ölçüldü. Sıcaklık ve frekansın bir fonksiyonu olarak polimerlerin dielektrik davranışları incelendi ve yapılarıyla ilişkilendirildi. Polimerlerin spektroskopik özellikleri UV‐Vis ve floresans spektroskopileriyle araştırıldı. Floresans spektroskopisiyle emisyon ölçümleri üzerine çözücü polarlığının etkisi araştırıldı. Kalkonun dimerleşme özelliğinden yararlanılarak kalkon uçlu polimer fotodimerleştirildi

Synthesis and Acidic Hydrolysis of Crosslinked Polymer Containing Chalcone

Bu çalışmada, salisil aldehit ve monoklorasetonun reaksiyonundan 1-(1-Benzofuran-2-il) etanon bileşiği sentezlenmiş ve sentezlenen bu bileşik ile 4-hidroksi benzaldehitin reaksiyonu sonucu (2E)-1-(1- benzofuran-2-il)-3-(4-hidroksifenil)prop-2-en-1-on bileşiği elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen kalkon bileşiği metakriloil klorür ile esterleştirilerek kalkon yan gruplu metakrilat monomeri sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen kalkon içerikli metakrilat monomeri ile divinil benzen ve trimetilsilil metakrilat monomerleri serbest radikalik yolla polimerleştirilerek çapraz bağlı polimerler elde edilmiştir. Yapı karakterizasyonunda FT-IR ve 1 H-NMR teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Sentezlenen çapraz bağlı polimerlerin asidik ortamdaki hidrolizi ile polimerlerdeki kalkon grupları uzaklaştırılmıştır. Böylece çapraz bağlı polimerlerde kalkon bileşiğine uygun kovuklar oluşturulmuştur.In this study, 1-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl) ethenone compound was synthesized from the reaction of salicyl aldehyde and monochloracetone, and as a result of the reaction between this synthesized compound and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, (2E)-1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one compound was obtained. Chalcone compound obtained was esterified with methacryloyl chloride and chalcone side group methacrylate monomer was synthesized. Synthesized chalcone-containing methacrylate monomer were polymerized with divinyl benzene and trimethylsilyl methacrylate monomers through free radical polymerization and cross-linked polymers were obtained. FT-IR and 1 H- NMR techniques were used for the structural characterization. he chalcone groups in the polymers were removed by hydrolysis of the synthesized cross-linked polymers in acidic medium. Thus, cavities appropriate for the chalcone compound were created

Öğrencilerin fizikle ilgili günlük yaşam olaylarını açıklama becerilerinin akademik başarılarına katkısı

ÖZETÖĞRENCİLERİN FİZİKLE İLGİLİ GÜNLÜK YAŞAM OLAYLARINI AÇIKLAMA BECERİLERİNİN AKADEMİK BAŞARILARINA KATKISIBu araştırmada, fizik öğretmen adaylarının mekanik konularındaki günlük yaşam becerileri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu becerilerin uygulamalı bir fizik dersi yaklaşımı ile nasıl bir artış gösterdiği ve bu kazanımın akademik başarıya nasıl ve ne kadar bir katkı sağladığına dair araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bunun için mekanik konularından 5 farklı uygulama tasarlanıp günlük yaşam örneklerinden ders etkinliği uygulanmıştır. Etkinliklerden önce ve sonra çoktan seçmeli testler uygulanmıştır. Bu testler arasındaki farklardan yola çıkarak ders uygulamasının etkinliği incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, ders içerisindeki açık uçlu sorgulama testleriyle nitel değerlendirme ve dönem sonu testi sonuçları ile ayrı bir ölçüm daha yapılmıştır. Böylece, araştırma yöntemi olarak çeşitleme metodu kullanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, öğrencilerin mekanik dersindeki vize, final ve dönem sonu başarıları ile araştırma tasarımına giren dönem sonu testi sonuçları arasındaki ilişki incelenerek, mekanik dersindeki başarıları ile günlük yaşam becerilerini açıklama seviyeleri arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bahsi geçen etkinliklerle, öğrencilerin günlük olayları açıklama becerilerinin ve kavramları anlamlı öğrenmedeki başarılarının arttığı saptanmıştır. Bu da, fizik kavramlarıyla ilgili akademik başarının günlük yaşam becerileriyle artış gösterdiği sonucunu ortaya koymuştur.Anahtar sözcükler: Günlük yaşam olayları, Fizik öğretimi, Fizik öğreniminde başarıABSTRACTTHE EFFECT OF STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO EXPLAIN EVERYDAY PHYSICS PHENOMENA ON THEIR SUCCESS This research was focused on the ability of candidates of physics teaching to explain everyday physics phenomena. It has been investigated that how are those abilities be increased by an applied phyiscs course and what is the effect of that increase on their success. In order to do this, five different applications were chosen about the issue of mechanics and they were separately conducted in the same class. Before and after the activities, multiple choice tests were carried out. By means of the differences between these tests, the effectiveness of the applied physics courses was examined. Also, a quantitative evaluation has been done by the open-ended questions. By this way, the trianglaton method was used in the research. In conclusion, it has been established that with the activities in question, the skills of explaining everyday physics phenomena of the students and their success in effective learning of the phyiscs concepts have increased. Key words: Everyday physics phenomena, physics teaching, succes