Functional and Behavioral Product Information Representation and Consistency Validation for Collaboration in Product Lifecycle Activities

Information models that represent the function, assembly and behavior of artifacts are critical in the conceptual development of a product and its evaluation. Much research has been conducted in this area; however, existing models do not relate function, behavior and structure in a comprehensive and consistent way. In this work, NIST\u27s Core Product Model (CPM) and the Open Assembly Model (OAM) are extended to integrate product information including function and behavior, with an emphasis on assembly, throughout all phases of product development. For function and flow classification, the NIST functional taxonomy is used to maintain consistency with the literature. The consistency validation of product information, and the verification of modified product information are discussed; these processes ensure that the product information has no contradictions and allows tracing through associations without any deficiency or disconnection. In other words, the information model has to be complete in terms of traceability of function, behavior, spatial relationships, etc., in order to support all information exchange activities. The product information representation provides a mechanism for capturing product information and storing it in a database. This representation schema also provides necessary information for any future decision making activities in the End of Life (EOL) environment, such as the replacement or reuse of any part or subassembly. When there is a need to replace one artifact with another, one must consider all of the associations of the existing artifact with other artifacts and the environment, not just functional and space requirements, and the relevant modification(s) of the associated objects has to verified. So one can manage product lifecycle activities in different perspectives by knowing how the product information is interconnected in various domains and how its characteristics affect each other

Türkiye’de kentleşme süreci ve illerin gsyh verileri ile göç oranları arasındaki ilişkinin kümeleme analiziyle incelenmesi

Migration is a concept as old as human history. Large-scale migrations have occurred in every period of human history. There are many economic, social, political and legal reasons behind migration movements. It is known that economic reasons are the most determining factors in the occurrence of migration. Generally, the direction of migration is from rural to urban, underdeveloped regions to developed regions, east to west in Turkey. Population is largely concentrated in cities. Cities with a high level of economic development are the cities with the most populous population. While many socio-economic indicators can be used to reveal the level of economic development, an evaluation can also be made based on the GDP data of the provinces, which is considered as a combination of these indicators. In the study, a statistical significance relationship is sought between migration data and GDP data of the provinces. The analysis method used is the cluster analysis. According to the results, the basic hypothesis of the study is confirmed at a rate of 79%. That means, the provinces with high GDP levels receive immigration, while the provinces with low GDP emigrate.Göç, insanlık tarihi kadar eski bir kavramdır. İnsanlık tarihinin her döneminde büyük ölçekli göçler meydana gelmiştir. Göç hareketlerinin temelinde çok sayıda ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel, siyasi ve hukuki neden yer almaktadır. Göçün ortaya çıkmasında en belirleyici etkenin ekonomik nedenler olduğu bilinmektedir. Türkiye’de göçün yönü genellikle kırdan kente, az gelişmiş yörelerden gelişmiş yörelere, doğudan batıya doğru olmuştur. Nüfus, büyük ölçüde kentlerde toplanmıştır. Ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyi yüksek olan kentler, nüfusu en kalabalık olan kentlerdir. Ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyini ortaya koymak üzere çok sayıda sosyo- ekonomik göstergeden yararlanılabileceği gibi, bu göstergelerin bir bileşkesi olarak kabul ettiğimiz illerin Gayrisafi Yurtiçi Hâsıla (GSYH) verilerini temel alarak bir değerlendirme de yapılabilir. Bu çalışmada, illerin göç verileri ile illerin GSYH verileri arasında istatistiksel bir anlamlılık ilişkisi aranmaktadır. Kullanılan analiz yöntemi kümeleme analizidir. Sonuçlara göre çalışmamızın temel hipotezi %79 oranında doğrulanmaktadır. Yani GSYİH düzeyi yüksek olan iller göç alırken, GSYİH düzeyi düşük olan iller göç vermektedir

Modeling inactivation kinetics of liquid egg white exposed to UV-C irradiation

The efficiency of UV-C irradiation as a non-thermal pasteurization process for liquid egg white (LEW) was investigated. LEW inoculated with Escherichia coli K-12 (ATCC 25253), pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (NCTC12900) and Listeria innocua (NRRL B33314) were treated with UV light using a bench top collimated beam apparatus. Inoculated LEW samples were exposed to UV-C irradiation of known UV intensity of 1.314mW/cm2 and sample depth of 0.153cm for 0, 3 5, 7, 10, 13, 17 and 20min. The populations of E. coli K-12, E. coli O157:H7 and L. innocua were reduced after 20min of exposure by 0.896, 1.403 and 0.960logCFU respectively. Additionally, the inactivation data obtained for each strain suspended in LEW was correlated by using Weibull (2 parameter), Log-Linear (1 parameter), Hom (2 parameter) and modified Chick Watson (2 parameter) models. The inactivation kinetics of E. coli K-12, E. coli O157:H7 and L. innocua were best described by modified Chick Watson model with the smallest root mean squared error (RMSE) (R2≥0.92). © 2010 Elsevier B.V.TÜBİTAK Project No: TOVAG-104O210; Izmir Institute of Technology (IYTE-38

SOLUTION TO A PIPELINE SCHEDULING PROBLEM BY USING A MIXED INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL

Pipelines are efficient ways of conveying huge amounts of refined petroluem products to distant points. Different products are pumped successively, in the pipelines without a need of a separator between them. Pipelines should be chosen very carefully based on the pumping sequences, volumes to be conveyed, covering the constraints involved by cutting operational costs and focusing on market demands. The real life problem considered in this study consists of a unidirectional pipe distribution system used for pumping petroleum products between the sources and distribution centers.  . Problem was stated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and solved by using GAMS software thorough actual data. As a result of the study, an optimal pumping schedule for pipeline operations at a certain period of time was achieved

Physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of alkaline copper quaternary impregnated oriental beech wood

The physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), which had been impregnated with the water-based, copper-containing Korasit KS material from the Alkaline Copper Quaternary group, were investigated in this study. According to ASTM 1413-07el (2007) standard, the wood samples used in the investigation were impregnated with 3 % and 6 % aqueous solutions of Korasit KS. The modulus of rupture, thermal, and water absorption tests were performed on samples of Oriental beech after they had been impregnated. Oriental beech's modulus of rupture values decreased as a result of Korasit KS impregnation. Additionally, Oriental beech had lower modulus of rupture values at greater concentrations of Korasit KS. In every water absorption period, the water absorption values of the Oriental beech impregnated with Korasit KS were higher than those of the control group. Our results showed that Korasit KS impregnation enhanced thermal properties of Oriental beech. Moreover, higher concentration levels of Oriental beech yielded better thermal characteristics of Oriental beech

Feistel Like Construction of Involutory Binary Matrices With High Branch Number

In this paper, we propose a generic method to construct involutory binary matrices from a three round Feistel scheme with a linear round function. We prove bounds on the maximum achievable branch number (BN) and the number of fixed points of our construction. We also define two families of efficiently implementable round functions to be used in our method. The usage of these families in the proposed method produces matrices achieving the proven bounds on branch numbers and fixed points. Moreover, we show that BN of the transpose matrix is the same with the original matrix for the function families we defined. Some of the generated matrices are \emph{Maximum Distance Binary Linear} (MDBL), i.e. matrices with the highest achievable BN. The number of fixed points of the generated matrices are close to the expected value for a random involution. Generated matrices are especially suitable for utilising in bitslice block ciphers and hash functions. They can be implemented efficiently in many platforms, from low cost CPUs to dedicated hardware

Thermal characteristics of oriental beech wood treated with some leaching resistant borates

It was aimed to investigate thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential-thermogravimetric (DTG), and differential-thermal analysis (DTA) of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood treated with some leaching resistant borates such as sodium tetraphenylborate (STPB) and phenylboronic acid (PBA). In this study; 0.25, 1.00, and 4.70 % aqueous solutions of borates were prepared. Results of the study indicated that pyrolysis occurred in three stages for STPB and PBA treated Oriental beech wood. Generally, while concentrations of the STPB and PBA increased, Ti and Tmax values of STPB and PBA treated wood specimens decreased. Residual char contents of STPB and PBA treated wood specimens for all concentrations were higher than untreated control specimen

Drug Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy with Certolizumab Pegol

Background: Certolizumab pegol is used to treat ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s disease, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Unlike other monoclonal antibodies such as infliximab and adalimumab, certolizumab does not contain an Fc fraction and hence does not induce complement activation. In this report, we describe the case of a patient with thrombotic microangiopathy caused due to certolizumab pegol, with a brief description about the pathophysiological approach to thrombotic microangiopathy. Case Report: A-39-year-old man suffering from ankylosing spondylitis for the past 10 years presented with fatigue. He had been on certolizumab pegol treatment for 6 months, starting with 400 and 200 mg every 2 weeks. He had significant nonimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia without a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Schistocytes were observed in more than 10% of the erythrocytes per field. Plasma exchange along with corticosteroid treatment was started. There was a dramatic improvement within a week, and after 10 sessions of plasma exchange, the patient was discharged on corticosteroids with a tapering plan. ADAMTS13 enzyme activity was determined to be normal. Conclusion: The development of drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy may be either immune-mediated or dose-dependent toxicity-mediated Anti-drug antibodies and their immunological aspects are still unclear and yet to be elucidated

Changes of soil properties and flora in natural forest and afforestation areas (Çankırı- Eldivan region)

In this study, existing flora and its soil characteristics besides the silvicultural features of natural and cultured forest areas having ecological and topographic qualities alike were compared. Due to the fact that Turkey has so many different growing conditions, it is one of the most important geographical regions in terms of richness of plant species. The fact that diversity of these plant species are known, conserved and conducted in accordance with the complex relations among climate-soil and plant must be necessary. In the field of our research, the richest families are Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Boraginaceae Caryophyllaceae, Apiaceae and Rosaceae. The ratio of the richest ten families in total species 73.83%, and also the ratio of the rest 22 families is 26.17%. At the end of the afforestation efforts of 46 years, In spite of all negative characteristics, it’s shown that afforestation makes the soil approach to the natural forest soil

KARMA BİR KARAR VERME YAKLAŞIMI İLE ELEKTRİK İLETİM HATTI İÇİN GÜZERGÂH SEÇİMİ

Hızla artan nüfus ve enerji kullanımı, beraberinde yeni elektrik iletim hatlarının oluşturulması ihtiyacını getirmektedir. Bir elektrik iletim hattının güzergâh seçimi için alternatiflerin değerlendirilmesinde, mühendislik ihtiyaçları, mamur alan, doğal çevre vb. belirli kriterler göz önüne alındığından, çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) problemi ortaya çıkar. Bu çalışmada ÇKKV problemlerinin çözümünde etkin olarak kullanılan Analitik Ağ Süreci (AAS) yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Selçuk Üniversitesi Alâeddin Keykubat Yerleşkesi içinden geçirilecek bir elektrik iletim hattının alternatif geçiş yollarının değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir uygulama sunulmuştur. Elektrik iletim hattı için AAS belirlenen kriterlere göre makro koridorlar oluşturulmuş ve Faktör Ağırlıklandırma (FA) Yöntemi kullanılarak almış oldukları en yüksek puana göre en iyi alternatif güzergâh seçilmiştir