FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLUVOXAMINE CONTROLLED RELEASE TABLETS

A controlled drug delivery system is usually designed to deliver the drug at the particular rate. The performance of a drug presented as a controlled-release system depends upon its release from the formulation. Movement within the body during its passage to the site of action. The former depends upon the fabrication of the formulation and the physicochemical properties of the drug while the latter element is dependent upon pharmacokinetics of drug. In comparison to conventional dosage form where the rate-limiting step in drug availability is usually absorption through the biomembrane, the rate-determining step in the availability of a drug from controlled delivery system is the rate of release of drug from the dosage form which is much smaller than the intrinsic absorption rate for the drug. The objective of the development programme was to formulate a robust, stable formulation of Fluvoxamine controlled release tablets 100mg comparable to the reference product Fluvoxin CR 100mg(Luvox) in terms of in-vitro dissolution profile. Matrix tablets were compressed without any problem and do not require any change in ratio of excipients in formulation. Results of the present study demonstrated that hydrophilic polymers could be successfully employed for formulating controlled-release matrix tablet of fluvoxamine. Formulations containing polymer percentage 15% controlled the drug release for 12 h. The combination of drug Fluvoxamine, lubricant [SSF] and glidant[Aerosil] was showed high drug release profile. Wet granulation method was found to be better choice to extend the drug release for 12 h. Film coating of tablet is beneficial for protecting the drug

Fenomena Perilaku Belanja Online Sebagai Alternatif Pilihan Konsumsi Di Kalangan Remaja

Abstrak Semakin berkembangnya kemajuan teknologi karena adanya globalisasi menimbulkan suatu fenomena perilaku baru di kehidupan masyarakat. Munculnya fenomena perilaku belanja online sebagai alternatif pilihan konsumsi di kalangan remaja merupakan suatu bentuk dari perkembangan teknologi dalam media berbelanja. Sistem belanja secara online lebih efisien karena cara kerja online shop ini pembeli tidak bertemu langsung dengan penjual termasuk juga saat pembayarannya dan dapat ditransfer. Bagi kalangan remaja, online shop ini menawarkan kebutuhan yang bervariasi sehingga menjadi keuntungan dalam alternatif pilihan konsumsinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor penyebab dan dampak yang ditimbulkan tentang pembahasan fenomena belanja online sebagai alternatif pilihan konsumsi di kalangan remaja. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik analisis data kualitatif dengan melibatkan 32 responden atau informan di kalangan remaja. Didiskripsikan dalam penelitian ini bahwa responden berjenis kelamin perempuan lebih mendominasi dalam penggunaan belanja online sebagai alternatif pilihan konsumsi kalangan remaja. Kemudahan dan kepraktisan menjadi faktor penyebab kalangan remaja lebih setuju melakukan belanja online

Cu-Catalyzed ligand-free synthesis of rosuvastatin based novel indole derivatives as potential anticancer agents

Rosuvastatin based novel indole derivatives designed as potential anti-cancer agents were synthesized via a newly developed ligand-free, simple, straightforward and inexpensive one-pot method. The methodology involved a Cu-catalyzed coupling-cyclization of a rosuvastatin based alkyne with o-iodoanilides in the presence of CuI and K2CO3 in PEG-400. Three of the synthesized compounds showed promising anti-proliferative activities against cancer cell lines and an increase of p21 mRNA expression and apoptotic effects in zebrafish embryos/larvae.Peer reviewe

Medulloblastoma

Pediatric brain tumors are the most common solid tumors that develop in children second only to leukemia. They also account for the most cancer deaths in this patient population [1]. 7% of all the brain tumors that were diagnosed between 2006 and 2010 in the United States were in patients younger than 20 years of age [2]. Infratentorial tumors account for 45%-60% of brain tumors in children [3]. Some of the most common pediatric posterior fossa tumors are medulloblastoma, ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors. Medulloblastoma will be discussed in this paper.</p

MR Imaging of Pregnant Women with Abdominal Pain and Suspected Appendicitis: Diagnostic Accuracy and Outcomes

Acute appendicitis is the common cause of acute surgical abdomen during pregnancy.Our study was&nbsp; conducted to review our experience diagnostic accuracy with MRI during pregnancy and&nbsp; clinical&nbsp; outcomes over a two year period. All pregnant women who underwent an MRI examination of the&nbsp; abdomen between January 2008 and January 2010 at Spectrum Health hospitals were included in the&nbsp; study.We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and MRI findings in 46 pregnant women. 46 pregnant women underwent a total of 53 MRI scans and of these,23/46 (50%) presented with RLQ pain and other signs suspicious for appendicitis. 10/23 (43%) had MRI findings positive for acute appendicitis: 5/10 (50%) had uncomplicated acute appendicitis by MRI criteria, all were confirmed at surgery. 3/5 had a ruptured appendix with abscess,1/5 had a perforated appendix with abscess and 1/5 had MRI findings suspicious for appendicitis but was discharged without surgery or further follow up. The sensitivity for diagnosing appendicitis by MRI in our 10 patients with positive findings was 89% (8 of 9 cases, with one case lost to follow up).The specificity was 100%, since all of the patients who had a normal appendix and/or no secondary signs of appendicitis on MRI were managed medically&nbsp; and&nbsp; were&nbsp; discharged&nbsp; without&nbsp; readmission for surgery. The negative predictive value (NPV) was 93% (13/14). Our study shows that MRI of the abdomen without contrast is an excellent alternative to CT and ultrasound for diagnosing and excluding acute appendicitis during pregnancy. </p

Incidence of Incidental Findings on Pediatric Oncologic PET/CT

The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and significance of incidental findings on pediatric oncologic PET/CT. A retrospective analysis of all PET/CT scans obtained at Helen DeVos&nbsp; Children’s&nbsp; Hospital&nbsp; between&nbsp; 2004-2008&nbsp; in&nbsp; pediatric&nbsp; oncology&nbsp; patients&nbsp; was&nbsp; performed.Specific data points for study including DOB, primary diagnosis, secondary diagnosis, treatment status (chemotherapy and radiation) and PET/CT findings were obtained. Studies were reviewed and findings confirmed with board certified Nuclear Medicine and Pediatric Radiologists. Total of 104 patients with various tumors/malignancies underwent 323 integrated PET/CT for staging or monitoring. Of these 104 patients, 71 (68%) had at least one incidental finding present on the PET/CT and 116 of 323 (36%) studies had at least 1 incidental CT finding. In conclusion, our retrospective study shows that careful evaluation of especially the CT component of integrated PET/CT scans provides clinically important information which may necessitate additional workup or treatment. </p

Design and characterization of delavirdine ethosomal drug delivery to enhance the bioavailability via topical drug delivery

The increasing demand for efficient administration and delivery of pharmaceutical dosage forms possessing the attributes namely minimum side effects, improved patient compliance has resulted in the formulation of novel drug delivery system. Ethosomes are very effective since they enhance the penetration of drugs via skin to several times whose compound to the simple creams, elixirs and liposomal carriers. Hence, there is an absolute necessity to formulate ethosomes of the selected drugs, In the presant work ethosomal formulations of, delaviridine, was prepared for obtaining the objective of improving skin permeability and bioavailability. The prepared formulations gave good percentage yield and size distribution. The best formulation of ethosomes of each respected drug were incorporated into carbopol based gel systems for controlled release and the invitro studies proven that the formulations followed zero order release mechanisms. Compatability studies were performed for the materials selected and results are observed o be possitive. Stability studies indicated that the formulations were stable at low temperatures but can undergo rapid deformation at higher temperatures

Design and Characterization of Delavirdine Ethosomal Drug Delivery to Enhance the Bioavailability Via Topical Drug Delivery

The increasing demand for efficient administration and delivery of pharmaceutical dosage forms possessing the attributes namely minimum side effects, improved patient compliance has resulted in the formulation of novel drug delivery system. Ethosomes are very effective since they enhance the penetration of drugs via skin to several times whose compound to the simple creams, elixirs and liposomal carriers. Hence, there is an absolute necessity to formulate ethosomes of the selected drugs, In the presant work ethosomal formulations of, delaviridine, was prepared for obtaining the objective of improving skin permeability and bioavailability. The prepared formulations gave good percentage yield and size distribution. The best formulation of ethosomes of each respected drug were incorporated into carbopol based gel systems for controlled release and the invitro studies proven that the formulations followed zero order release mechanisms. Compatability studies were performed for the materials selected and results are observed o be possitive. Stability studies indicated that the formulations were stable at low temperatures but can undergo rapid deformation at higher temperatures