Studies of Cholienrgic and Histaminergic drugs on melenophores of a teleost fish Rasbora elanga (Ham.)

In the present study, it is observed that the acetylcholine show dispersal effect in isolated skin pigment melanophores of Rasbora elenga. The cholinergic blocking agent (atropine) decreases the dispersion rate of acetylcholine, while cholinergic receptors increase the rate of dispersion of acetylcholine. In the present investigation clearly indicated that acetylcholine is more govern the dispersion of skin pigment melanophores, while histamine induced the aggregation of melanophores in the fish scale. Key words: Acetylcholine, Histamine, Atropine, Dipheniramine, Rasbora elang

Mungbean yield and nutrient uptake performance in response of NPK and lime levels under acid soil in Vindhyan region, India

A field experiment was conducted to understanding the management of soil acidity with NPK and lime levels for sustainable mungbean productivity, Crop was sown during kharif season of 2014at Agronomy farm of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh. Results of the study demonstrated that significant improvement in seed (524 kg /ha), straw (1426 kg /ha), biological yield (1949 kg/ha) and total NPK uptake (96.68 kg/ha) were recorded in 100% RDF. Similar results were observed with application of 200 kg lime/ha in mungbean. Interaction effect was also recorded at P=0.05 level of significance between fertility and lime levels on mungbean seed (622 kg/ha) and biological (2145kg/ha) yield with 100 % RDF + 200 kg lime/ha which were observed highest than all other treatments. Moreover, highest B:C ratio was observed with the application of 200 kg lime/ha. The present study revealed that soil acidity problems affecting pulses productivity, can be overcome with applications of 100% RDF and 200 kg lime/ha in Vindhyan region, India

Drug utilization research: a review

Data from drug utilization research is an invaluable resource for all stake holders involved in drug and health policies. Drug utilization is “marketing, distribution, prescription and use of drugs in a society, with special emphasis on the resulting medical, social and economic consequences”. Research on drug utilization includes factors related to prescribing, dispensing, administering and intake of medication and its associated events. The ultimate purpose of drug utilization research is to estimate the optimal quality of drug therapy by identifying, documenting, analysing problems in drug utilization and monitoring the consequences. It encourages the prescribers to prescribe correct drug at appropriate dose and affordable price. It contributes to the knowledge of rational use of drugs in the society; whether the drug is being prescribed appropriately, whether the drug is taken in correct dosage, whether the drug is available at affordable price or misused. It provides valuable feedback about the rationality of the prescription to the doctors. It also assesses whether an intervention affects the drug use in the population by examining the outcomes of different types of intervention given to improve rationality in drug use. Drug utilization research can be qualitative or quantitative and can be done by various methods. This review highlights the understanding of various aspects, different designs and WHO guidelines for conducting drug utilization research

Pectin modified metal nanoparticles and their application in property modification of biosensors

Pectin is a structural anionic heteropolysaccharide and abundantly found in the cell wall of terrestrial trees and plants. It exhibits several advantageous properties such as non-toxicity, cheap, biodegradable, biocompatible, abundant, flexible, etc. Functional groups like carboxylic acid and hydroxyl make pectin suitable to be covalently bonded with other biomolecules and proteins. Based on these properties, pectin is being extensively employed to encapsulate/coat metal nanoparticles (MNPs) to inhibit their aggregation and enhancing the suitability of MNPs for a wide range of applications in healthcare like drug delivery, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant etc. Another important application of pectin is to enhance the electrochemical performances of sensors in which electrode materials are modified with pectin, which immobilizes the enzyme without disturbing the basic electron transfer properties of the electrode. Thus pectin is found to have great potential for developments in future in various fields like sensing, drug delivery etc. This review covers the application of pectin for MNPs stabilization and electrochemical sensors to improve their properties. The review also emphasizes synthetic strategies and electrochemical analysis of analytes. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of pectin’s applicability and can help to design novel and efficient MNPs and electrochemical sensors for a wide range of applications

WHO AWaRe strategy and antimicrobial stewardship to combat antimicrobial resistance: An Indian perspective

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem to solve especially in developing countries like India. Antibiotic use in India increased several times since 2005. Many studies in India have reported inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics which could be one of the possible reasons for increased antibiotic resistance in the country. This is an important and urgent issue that mandates strict regulations regarding the rational use of antibiotics. World Health Organization (WHO) has done a major revision to the essential medicines list which classifies antibiotics into three categories (access, watch, and reserve) to ensure the availability and correct use of antibiotics. Several countries started antimicrobial stewardship programs to promote appropriate use of antibiotics, reduce antibiotic resistance as well a financial burden. Indian government started a national action plan on antibiotic resistance in 2017 to promote the rational use of antibiotics but it is still in its formative stage as all stewardship components are yet to be implemented. This review emphasizes the importance and the need for implementing WHO’s AWaRe strategy and antimicrobial stewardship to promote rational antibiotic use in the country

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF KASHYAP GHRITA & KASHYAP SYRUP IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DONTODBHED JANYA VYAPAD (DENTITION DISORDERS)

Dantodbhed janya Vyapad is commonly faced problem in children during the Dentition period. The study was conducted with an objective of evaluating the role of Kashyap Ghrita and Kashyap Syrup in management of Dontodbhed janya Vapad on various scientific parameters. The present study was conducted on 60 children who are clinically treated due to Dantodbhed janya Vyapad (Dentition Disorders).Out of three groups 20 patients were administered Kasyap Ghrita with dose of 3ml-5ml (1/2-1 TSF) two times for 7 days, 20 patients of second group were administered Kashyap Syrup with dose of 5ml-8ml (1-11/2TSF) two times for 7 days and 20 patients were administered both Kashyap Ghrita (3-5ml) along with Kashyap Syrup (5-8ml) single dose for 7 days.During present trail it was observed that there was significant improvement in clinical manifestations of Dantodbhed janya Vapad after the therapy of Kashyap Ghrita. Symptomatically the Kashyap Ghrita is more effective than in syrup form in Dantodbhed janya Vyapad, because Ghrita is Yogavahi as well as palatable with giving potent energy. Also rejuvenates and increases immunity with counteracts the disorders of Dentition. The present study shows that the Kashyap Ghrita is more effective than Kashyap syrup

ROLE OF KUMAR KALYAN RAS AND SITOPALADI CHURNA IN CHILDREN’S DEVELOPMENT

Childhood is an important age of human being and growth and development mainly occurs in this age. Balanced diet and well nutritional foods are necessary for growth and development. In Ayurveda this stage is called Kapha dominant period of life. In this age a child should be healthy for proper development. So this study is focused on child’s growth and development and the role of Kumar Kalyan ras and Sitopaladi churn in the management of childhood.STUDY DESIGN: The study was single grouped, which contains 12 children selected from the O.P.D. and I.P.D of Vd. Prem Shankar Ayurveda hospital, colleges, campus, M.M.M Government Ayurved College Udaipur. For the well development and growth of a child, Kumar Kalyan ras and Sitopaladi churn drug, dosage of 1-2 gram is given twice a day with honey (Madhu) before meal. The regimen followed for a period of three months with follow up after every 15 days interval. Base line assessment was done after selection of children as per inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS: The study suggests that the oral consumption of Kumar Kalyan ras and Sitopaladi churna with honey improves digestion, immunity and general growth.

Exploration of Some Important Fodder Plants of Joshimath area of Chamoli District of Garhwal, Uttarakhand

India has more than 13% of the total livestock population of the world, but it does not have specially identified and regularly managed pastures.Though about 12 million hectares of the land in the country is officially recorded as the grazing land, a vast majority of the population depends on forest for fodder. Livestock is considered as one of the main sources of livelihood, which depends mostly on fodder. Fodder is extracted from forests, grasslands, agricultural land and agro forestry practices. Agriculture with animal husbandry is the main profession of rural people of this Himalayan region. Livestock plays an important role in the economy of Uttarakhand as it is the important source of income of rural people. There is a vast diversity of fodder plants. Demand for fodder is uniform throughout the year, though unavailability of green forage during winter has always remained a serious issue resulting into nutritional deficiency in milching animals. Thus, there is a need to explore fodder plants in Garhwal Himalaya. The present study was conducted to find out the diversity of fodder plants and their seasonal availability and mode of use in Chamoli district. The study covers some villages of Joshimath area of Chamoli district of Garhwal  which lie in between 30º26´52.37 Ì‹Ì‹ to 30º33´02.52 Ì‹ N Latitude and 79º33´57.56 Ì‹ to 79º41´34.79 Ì‹ E Longitude. The survey was conducted in the years 2014 and 2015. Information on locality, mode of use and seasonal availability was recorded by interviewing the people of the studied villages. The findings recorded 89 fodder species representing trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses and climbers. During the rainy season the availability of fodder is in plenty, but there is fodder crisis in other seasons of the year as people are not aware of scientific conservation of grasses for lean periods. It was observed that more fodder species are needed to be planted to increase the fodder availability in the area. Â

Functional and clinical outcome of MIPPO anterolateral plating for proximal tibia fracture both proximal one third and coronal intrarticular fracture

Background: The proximal tibial fractures are one of the commonest intraarticular fractures. Generally these injuries fall into two broad categories, high energy fractures and low energy fractures. The tibial plateau fractures are mostly due to high velocity road traffic accidents and fall from height, where fractures result from direct axial compression, usually with a valgus (more common) or varus moment and indirect shear forces.Methods: This is a prospective study and includes operations by MIPPO technique that were undertaken between January 2020 till June 2021 in RNT government hospital; Udaipur. The total number of cases studied were 25 with the youngest being 25 years old and oldest 70 years old. Intraoperative complications were noted. Functional outcome was assessed using Modified Rasmussen’s Criteria.Results: Patients with fracture in our study occurred between the age of 25 to 70 years with maximum incidence involving the productive age group of 21-30 years (90%). Majority of the patients was males- 90%.Conclusions: From the minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis of proximal tibial fracture there is an increase in the complexity of proximal tibial fractures with increasing road traffic accident. As most of the patients sustained these fractures belong to physically highly active and productive age group, they need optimal treatment to get back to their previous work capacity and avoid long term complications like osteoarthritis. We treated all fractures in our study with MIPPO technique and found rapid healing by secondary fracture union and hence achieving strong bone union across the fracture site due to inherent benefits of less tissue damage and minimal disturbance of fracture site biology. We operated 20 proximal tibial fractures with MIPPO technique and observed rapid healing and good functional recovery

Effectiveness of buffy coat leucoreduced packed red blood cells in decreasing febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions in thalassemic patients

Background: Blood transfusions have always been associated with a number of adverse outcomes which have steadily decreased over years owing to new discoveries and technical advancements. Thalassemic patients are more prone to transfusions related complications owing to repeated transfusions. Study of these reactions and correlating them with the leucodepletion status of the transfused packed red blood cells (PRBCs) reduces transfusion complications due to the transfused leukocytes.Methods: This is a prospective study carried out on 1750 transfusions in 138 thalassemic patients at our institute between August 2015 and March 2016. The total transfusions were classified into four categories depending on the leucodepletion status of the PRBC’s. The clinical records and the reaction workup done to rule out the hemolytic reactions were recorded.Results: Reactions were recorded in 17 (0.97%) out of a total of 1750 transfusions. 14 (4.1%) reactions were recorded on transfusions of non-leukoreduced PRBCs whereas only 2 (0.16%) reactions were recorded in leucoreduced (buffy coat) PRBCs. 1 (0.8%) reaction was recorded on transfusion of leucodepleted PRBCs done by bedside filter. No reaction was documented when buffy coat leucoreduced PRBCs were used along bedside filter.Conclusions: Elimination of WBCs from donor packed cells results in reduction of adverse reactions following blood transfusion. Various methods of leucoreduction have been successfully employed in the past and shown to reduce transfusion reactions in multi transfused thalassemic patients. In resource limited settings, leukoreduction using the buffy-coat method is an effective intervention in reducing the transfusion reactions