Editorial Note

Editorial note for Volume 42, No 1, 202

Variationist Approaches: External Factors Conditioning Variation in Spanish Phonology

This chapter will focus on the external factors conditioning phonological variation. I will introduce the traditional factors to analyze social variation (e.g. sex, age, social class) and stylistic variation (careful vs. casual speech), as well as other possible factors not fully explored in Spanish. These other factors are mostly inspired by Allan Bell\u27s model of language style as audience design (1984), and Rickford and McNair-Knox\u27s incorporation of addressee and topic of conversation as two important factors to analyze variation (1994)

Discourse Genre, Type of Situation and Topic of Conversation in Relation to Phonological Variables in Puerto Rican Spanish

This study examines stylistic variation in relation to phonological variables in Puerto Rican Spanish. The methodology for this study has been designed so as to obtain possible stylistic variation in ways of speaking which may occur naturally in daily conversation No written styles will be taken into consideration for this study. Style will be analyzed in terms of topic of conversation, individual (one-on-one) conversation versus a group situation (more than two people in the conversation), and the type of discourse genre

Male Representation in Latin American Film and Soap Operas

In a post modern era the (de-)construction of national identities and gender identities is a complex issue. One cannot limit a nation, a group, or a gender to a definition or a set of characteristics. The redefinition of the Latin American macho is a necessary attempt to understand the male psyche, behavior and possibilities in a broader and more complex context

Officialization and Linguistic Acculturation of Spanish in the United States Catholic Church

The present investigation brings to light some of the changes associated with the use of English and Spanish in the US Catholic Church. The first part is an examination of the process of officialization from a historical perspective, acknowledging the impact of some groups or associations in the use of vernacular la!_lguages within the Church. The second part examines the role of acculturation during this process of officialization; and the final section analyzes the use of inclusive language in the Church, as an attempt to have a more gender-balanced institution. These three elements serve to provide a more complete perspective of the reality, expansion, revitalization and maintenance of the Spanish language in the United States. The article also reveals some of the language planning policies (direct and indirect) that have made an impact on the use of Spanish within US Catholicism

Male Representation in Latin American Film and Soap Operas

In a post modern era the (de-)construction of national identities and gender identities is a complex issue. One cannot limit a nation, a group, or a gender to a definition or a set of characteristics. The redefinition of the Latin American macho is a necessary attempt to understand the male psyche, behavior and possibilities in a broader and more complex context

Mood, Tense, and Copula Verb Selection in Near-Native Speakers of Spanish

The present study focuses on the use of Spanish by near-native speakers in the United States. I will consider near-native speakers to be those individuals who speak Spanish as a second language, who are capable of having a complex conversation in that language, who are able to understand any speaker, and who are able to function as professionals using Spanish in their field of work. The near-native speakers for this study consist of clergy and religious sisters from Allentown, Pennsylvania, who incorporate the use of Spanish in their ministry to the Hispanic communities in the United States within the Catholic church. The study examines the use of the indicative vs. subjunctive, the preterit vs. the imperfect, and copula verbs ser vs. estar, in relation to stylistic variables such as type of situation, topic of conversation, and type of discourse

Officialization and Linguistic Acculturation of Spanish in the United States Catholic Church

The present investigation brings to light some of the changes associated with the use of English and Spanish in the US Catholic Church. The first part is an examination of the process of officialization from a historical perspective, acknowledging the impact of some groups or associations in the use of vernacular la!_lguages within the Church. The second part examines the role of acculturation during this process of officialization; and the final section analyzes the use of inclusive language in the Church, as an attempt to have a more gender-balanced institution. These three elements serve to provide a more complete perspective of the reality, expansion, revitalization and maintenance of the Spanish language in the United States. The article also reveals some of the language planning policies (direct and indirect) that have made an impact on the use of Spanish within US Catholicism

Variationist Approaches: External Factors Conditioning Variation in Spanish Phonology

This chapter will focus on the external factors conditioning phonological variation. I will introduce the traditional factors to analyze social variation (e.g. sex, age, social class) and stylistic variation (careful vs. casual speech), as well as other possible factors not fully explored in Spanish. These other factors are mostly inspired by Allan Bell\u27s model of language style as audience design (1984), and Rickford and McNair-Knox\u27s incorporation of addressee and topic of conversation as two important factors to analyze variation (1994)

Los colores de los arrabales de Bilbao (1300-1550)

The expansion and the activity of the suburbs of Bilbao mirror the awakening of a town -one overflowed by its own sprawl- to modem capitalism, in which the life and estate of neighbours and residents would be largely dictated by the market. At the same time, the council was lavish with protective ordinances for a market characterized by strong oscillations between supply and demand. Out of this alchemy a space arose, constructed almost blindly, where the humble people tried to survive by their own work, a bit of trickery and an imperious need of currency.The suburbs were, undoubtedly, the expression of a new order in which poor and rich people were condemned to get along inside a complicated and troubled world as much ruled by law as by knavery and deception.La expansión y la actividad de los arrabales bilbaínos obran cual retrato o imagen que muestra el despertar de una villa, desbordada por sus propios límites construidos, al capitalismo moderno en el que la vida y hacienda de vecinos y residentes se verá arbitrada por el mercado. Al mismo tiempo, el concejo se prodiga en ordenanzas protectoras de un mercado con fuertes oscilaciones entre la oferta y la demanda. De esta alquimia, surgió un espacio construido a tientas donde intentaban sobrevivir los más débiles a base de trabajo, un poco de picardía y una imperiosa necesidad de circulante. Los arrabales fueron, sin duda, la expresión de un orden nuevo en el que estaban condenados a entenderse privilegiados y no privilegiados en un mundo complicado y conflictivo, donde el orden del día era la ley pero también la trampa