Effect of Surface Preparation Methods on Mechanical Properties of 3D Structures Fabricated by Stereolithography and 3D Printing for Electroless Ni Plating

Stereolithography (SL) and 3D Printing (3DP) are useful technologies for three-dimensional prototyping applications, providing highly accurate and detailed part geometries with high quality surface finishes. It is desired to improve the materials performance of the existing photocurable SL and 3DP resins for rapid tooling and other functional applications by applying a nickel (Ni) coating. In this work, surface preparation methods for electroless plating of commercial photopolymer resins such as NanoFormTM15120 (NanoForm) and Objet FullCure®840 (Veroblue) were explored in order to enhance the structural integrity of RP components. This study examined different surface preparation methods (chemical etching) and their effect on the surface morphology and mechanical strength of the polymers. It was observed that surface preparation of the resins significantly affected the mechanical properties and Ni plating of the substrate polymers. This is a critical step, since the Ni film takes on the surface structure of the substrate.Mechanical Engineerin

The impact of avian IgY antibodies and probiotics supplementation via drinking water on growth and laying performance of 16-week-old layer pullets

Antibiotics raise an issue concerning the development of antibiotic resistance of some pathogenic bacteria. The use of probiotics and Avian IgY in layer pullet farming is a better way of protecting against pathogenic bacteria and increasing production performance. Supplementation of Avian IgY antibodies and probiotics(Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, Bifido bacterium longghum, Bacillus thermophilum) were conducted on 5,724 healthy layer pullets to determine its effect on their growth and laying performance. The supplement was in powder form with a dosage of 100 mg per liter of water for 6 hours. The effect of the supplementation was evaluated by measuring production parameters on growth and laying performance of the layer pullets; there were 3 treatment groups, the control group, Treatment 2 which received 5 days initial supplementation for the first week and then twice every week for 9 weeks and Treatment 3 which received 5 days initial supplementation for the first week and then twice every 2 weeks for 9 weeks. Results showed that the supplementation had significant effects in the age in days when 50% of the total population per treatment laid their first eggs, average number of eggs produced, % Hen day production, % Hen house production, total weight of eggs, and feed conversion efficiency. It also showed that the supplementation is economical and yielded higher profit. On the other hand, the supplementation had no significant effect on the average body weight and mortality count of the layer pullets. The supplementation of Avian IgY antibodies and probiotics in water soluble powder via drinking water with 5 days initial supplementation of Avian IgY antibodies and probiotics for the first week; then twice every 2 weeks for 9 weeks has the greatest effects to increase the production performance and profitability of layers.Keywords:  Avian IgY antibodies, Growth performance, Laying performance, Layer pullets, Probiotics  

Análisis de la energía y de los principales componentes de las señales cromatográficas para el diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata

The prostate exam is an early detection tool to prevent prostate cancer and the main diagnostic tools for obtaining signs are generally invasive. This article tries chromatographic signals from the urine of prostate cancer patients and control patients as a non-invasive examination proposal. For this purpose, methodologically, urine samples are taken, digitized in chromatograms, treated with mathematical techniques and classified. The mathematical techniques are time normalization, dead time elimination, baseline correction, noise elimination, and peak alignment. Classification techniques analyze energy, in the domain of time and frequency, and the main components in sedimentation graphs and scores. As a result, the chromatographic signal is characterized and identifies the characteristic curve that represents the signal of prostate cancer patients and control patients. The data structure shows a cluster distribution of 88.88% of the vectors for the control patients. In the case of prostate cancer patients, the distribution of data is in clusters around the area defined by control patients. This characterization demarcates signal classification regions to diagnose possible prostate cancer patients, validating the relationship between the chromatographic signal and cancer.El examen de próstata es una herramienta de detección temprana para prevenir el cáncer de próstata y los principales instrumentos diagnósticos para obtener indicios son generalmente invasivos. Este artículo analiza señales cromatográficas provenientes de la orina de pacientes con cáncer de próstata y pacientes control como propuesta de examen no invasivo. Para tal efecto, metodológicamente, se toman muestras de orina, se digitalizan en cromatogramas, se tratan con técnicas matemáticas y se clasifican. Las técnicas matemáticas son  normalización  de  tiempo,  eliminación  del  tiempo  muerto,  corrección  de  línea  base,  eliminación  de  ruido y alineación de picos. Las técnicas de clasificación analizan la energía, en el dominio del tiempo y frecuencia, y los componentes principales en gráficas de sedimentación y puntuaciones. Como resultado se  caracteriza  la  señal  cromatográfica  e  identifica  la  curva  característica  que  representa  la  señal  de  los pacientes con cáncer de próstata y pacientes control. La estructura de los datos muestra una distribución de conglomerado, del 88,88 % de los vectores, para los pacientes control. Para el caso de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata la distribución de los datos es en conglomerados alrededor de la zona delimitada por los pacientes control. Esta caracterización demarca regiones de clasificación de señales para diagnosticar posibles pacientes con cáncer de próstata, validando la relación existente entre la señal cromatográfica y el cáncer

“La responsabilidad civil en vía penal por casos de negligencia médica”

En la presente investigación, el tema desarrollado está dirigido a conocer una problemática presente en la actualidad, el cual trata sobre las reparaciones civiles en vía penal por casos de negligencia médica las cuales encontramos de manera ínfima e irrisoria en materia penal. Para su desarrollo se ha planteado la delimitación de un problema de investigación el cual está centrado en identificar qué efectos jurídicos generan la culpa en casos de negligencia médica, la población estuvo constituida por los 3 Docentes expertos en materia Civil de la Universidad César Vallejo sede Lima Norte y 5 abogados litigantes de Lima expertos en Materia Penal de lima, se utilizó para la técnica de recolección de datos la entrevista, y los resultados obtenidos fueron clasificados a través de cuadros gráficos. En ese sentido, se logró identificar que los efectos jurídicos generados por la culpa por casos de negligencia médica no son resarcidos de una manera ecuánime y mucho menos ayuda a aliviar el daño causado hacia las víctimas

Problema de planeamento do projeto para biblioteca de desenvolvimento de software - PSPSWDLIB

Um Problema de Gestão de Projetos de Desenvolvimento de Software é uma variante do Problemas Gestão de Projetos onde o modelo de desenvolvimento de software pode ser apresentado como um conjunto de actividades de software a realizar, um conjunto de recursos humanos, um conjunto de recursos financeiros e o variável tempo dividida por actividade. Este artigo apresenta um exemplo do Problema de Gestão de Projetos de Desenvolvimento de Software para projectos de desenvolvimento de software.A Project Scheduling Problem for Software Development is a variant of Project Scheduling Problem where the software development model can be presented as a set of software activities, a set of developer skills and a set of resources specified on money and the total time divided on time per activity. This paper presents an instance set of Project Scheduling Problem for Software Development for projects of software development

Tetrahydrohyperforin and Octahydrohyperforin Are Two New Potent Inhibitors of Angiogenesis

We have previously shown that hyperforin, a phloroglucinol derivative found in St. John's wort, behaves as a potent anti-angiogenic compound. To identify the reactive group(s) mainly involved in this anti-angiogenic effect, we have investigated the anti-angiogenic properties of a series of stable derivatives obtained by oxidative modification of the natural product. In addition, in the present work we have studied the role of the four carbonyl groups present in hyperforin by investigating the potential of some other chemically stable derivatives.The experimental procedures included the analysis of the effects of treatment of endothelial cells with these compounds in cell growth, cell viability, cell migration and zymographic assays, as well as the tube formation assay on Matrigel. Our study with hyperforin and eight derivatives shows that the enolized beta-dicarbonyl system contained in the structure of hyperforin has a dominant role in its antiangiogenic activity. On the other hand, two of the tested hyperforin derivatives, namely, tetrahydrohyperforin and octahydrohyperforin, behave as potent inhibitors of angiogenesis. Additional characterization of these compounds included a cell specificity study of their effects on cell growth, as well as the in vivo Matrigel plug assay.These observations could be useful for the rational design and chemical synthesis of more effective hyperforin derivatives as anti-angiogenic drugs. Altogether, the results indicate that octahydrohyperforin is a more specific and slightly more potent antiangiogenic compound than hyperforin

Advancing towards the elimination of trachoma as a cause of blindness in two cities in Sao Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil

The World Health Organization recommends conducting prevalence surveys to validate the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem by the year 2030. The recommendation specifies that the surveys should be directed to previous endemic poor rural areas. Brazil is an endemic country for trachoma and has experienced a large internal migration from the rural areas to the outskirts of the major cities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of trachoma in children aged 1 to 9 years old in two of the poorest municipalities on the outskirts of Sao Paulo to test the hypothesis of whether internal migration brought trachoma with it. A household survey was conducted between 2013 and 2014. The field teams went door-to-door to collect data on households with children of the selected age group and their members. The trachoma prevalence in this group was 1.5% (79/5,393). In the 10 to 19 years old group, the trachoma prevalence was significantly higher among girls 3.2% (47/1,448) than among boys 1.5% (20/1,361). This result adds evidence to the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem and will be included in the supporting material to validate its elimination in Brazil