L’impatto de carnivori introdotti nei sistemi inusulari: l’essemplo del gatto inselvatichito (Felis catus)

Peer reviewe

Study of the thermal behavior of the aluminium dust stabilized with gypsum

[ES]El polvo de aluminio (pAl) es un residuo peligroso procedente de la metalurgia secundaría del aluminio. Con objeto de reducir la reactividad del mismo, en el CENIM se ha desarrollado un proceso de estabilización/solidificación mediante su fraguado con yeso. En este trabajo se presenta el estudio del comportamiento térmico del pAl estabilizado con el yeso, con el fin de establecer la influencia del residuo en las reacciones de hidratación/deshidratación del yeso durante el proceso del fraguado, a saber: deshidratación parcial del sulfato calcico dihidrato, deshidratación del hemihidrato, deshidratación del hidróxido de aluminio y transformación de anhidrita soluble en anhidrita insoluble. Asimismo se ha estudiado la cinética asociada a cada una de las reacciones anteriormente mencionadas mediante Calorimetría Diferencial de Barrido.[EN]The aluminium dust is a hazardous waste from the secondary aluminium remelting industry. A stabilization/solidification process was developed at CENIM with the aim of decreasing its reactivity. Gypsum was used as a binder material. Tliis work summarizes the study of the thermal behavior of the aluminium dust stabilized with gypsum, in order to establish the influence of the residue in the reactions of hydration/dehydration of the gypsum during the hardening process, namely: partial dehydration of calcium sulphate dihydrate, dehydration of calcium sulphate hemi'hydrate, dehydration of aluminium hydroxide and anhydrite soluble/anhydrite insoluble transformation. The activation energy associated to all those reactions was determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry.Los autores agradecen a la Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Madrid la financiación del proyecto (07M/0136/2000) y a la empresa Recuperación y Reciclaje Román por el apoyo a esta investigación.Peer reviewe

Relations between positive psychotic symptoms and ideas of reference observation and communication

The ideas of reference (IOR) are observable in varied psychopathological manifestations, although predominate in psychotic disorders. We tried to study the IOR according to their content (observation, communication, and other IOR). We tried to determine if these kinds of IOR are separable, and also to observe their relationship with some positive symptoms. Participated 364 patients (39 participants with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders). The instruments used were the Referential Thinking Scale (REF) and BPRS rating-scale. Statistically significant differences between the observation and communication IOR were found, and also between the communication IOR and other IOR. Significant positive correlations between observation IOR and grandiosity were reached, and between observation IOR and suspicion (persecution delusion in BPRS). The observation IOR are rather indicator of delusional severity in general than a specific content of psychopathology, and this kind of IOR are not restricted to the persecutory delusions

Anemia y su asociación con el peso del recién nacido en gestantes adolescentes: ¿mito o realidad?

Objective. To determine the relationship between maternal hemoglobin of pregnant adolescents and the weight of newborns in the National Maternal Perinatal Institute (INMP). Material and methods. 914 pregnant women were analyzed cross-sectionally by inclusion and exclusion criteria of 2729 deliveries of adolescents attended in the INMP corresponding to the year 2017. The data were collected from the birth registry and clinical histories, the variables of interest were hemoglobin maternal and the weight of the newborn. Results. Of the 914 births, 299 mothers (32%) presented anemia and 615 (68%) did not present anemia, the predominant age group were adolescents in the late stage 73% (with anemia) and 71% (without anemia). In the prenatal control, there was a predominance of insufficient or uncontrolled 74% (with anemia) and 73% (without anemia). Single women were the majority group, 91% (with anemia) and 93% (without anemia). The origin of the districts with quintiles IV and V was 90% (with anemia) and 87% (without anemia). No association was found between the weight of the newborn and the hemoglobin of the third trimester of the mother (Pearson's r = -0.0141, p-value = 0.6702). Conclusions. We did not find a relationship between low maternal hemoglobin and birth weight at term pregnancies of adolescents, this could be due to the fact that in the control of fetal weight there would be multiple factors that could be more influential in this group of pregnant adolescents.Objetivo. Determinar la relación existente entre la hemoglobina materna de gestantes adolescentes y el peso de los recién nacidos en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP). Material y métodos. Transversalmente se analizaron 914 gestantes seleccionadas mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión de 2729 partos de adolescentes atendidas en el INMP correspondiente al año 2017. Los datos se recogieron del registro de partos y las historias clínicas, las variables de interés fueron la hemoglobina materna y el peso del recién nacido. Resultados. De los 914 partos 299 madres (32%) presentaron anemia y 615 (68%) no la presentaron, el grupo etario predominante fueron las adolescentes en la etapa tardía 73% (con anemia) y 71% (sin anemia). En el control prenatal predominó los insuficiente o sin control 74% (con anemia) y 73%(sin anemia). Las solteras fueron el grupo mayoritario, 91% (con anemia) y 93% (sin anemia). La procedencia de los distritos con quintiles IV y V fue el 90% (con anemia) y el 87% (sin anemia). No se encontró asociación entre el peso del recién nacido y la hemoglobina del tercer trimestre de la madre (r de Pearson = -0,0141; valor p = 0,6702). Conclusiones. No encontramos relación entre la hemoglobina materna baja y el peso al nacimiento de gestaciones a término de adolescentes, esto podría deberse a que en el control del peso fetal existirían múltiples factores que podrían ser más influyentes en este grupo de gestantes adolescentes

Human-cat relationship in an oceanic biosphere reserve: the case of La Palma Island, Canary archipelago

Removal of feral cats from island environments is a useful mechanism by which their ecological impact on endangered species can be reduced or ended. Nevertheless, because cats are anthropogenic in their origins, social perceptions of management practices play a large role in their implementation. Four-hundred questionnaires were delivered (386 were returned) with 100 going to each of the following: local residents; environmental workers; tourists; and, hunters. Questions explored respondents’ knowledge about island biodiversity and invasive species as well as attitudes towards cat population management methods. Habitat destruction and introduction of invasive species were considered the main threats for the conservation of island biodiversity. Most respondents considered cats to have a negative impact on biodiversity and sterilization campaigns were considered most appropriate for cat population control. Several free sterilization campaigns have been conducted in La Palma Island Biosphere Reserve in order to reduce free-ranging cats and were well received by local people. This research, which combined concepts of management, ecology and social sciences, provides valuable insights which may to be applicable on several other islands where cats and people are present and in conflict with conservation priorities

Magnetism of small V clusters embedded in a Cu fcc matrix: an ab initio study

We present extensive first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations dedicated to analyze the magnetic and electronic properties of small V$_{n}$ clusters (n=1,2,3,4,5,6) embedded in a Cu fcc matrix. We consider different cluster structures such as: i) a single V impurity, ii) several V$_{2}$ dimers having different interatomic distance and varying local atomic environment, iii) V$_{3}$ and iv) V$_{4}$ clusters for which we assume compact as well as 2- and 1-dimensional atomic configurations and finally, in the case of the v) V$_{5}$ and vi) V$_{6}$ structures we consider a square pyramid and a square bipyramid together with linear arrays, respectively. In all cases, the V atoms are embedded as substitutional impurities in the Cu network. In general, and as in the free standing case, we have found that the V clusters tend to form compact atomic arrays within the cooper matrix. Our calculated non spin-polarized density of states at the V sites shows a complex peaked structure around the Fermi level that strongly changes as a function of both the interatomic distance and local atomic environment, a result that anticipates a non trivial magnetic behavior. In fact, our DFT calculations reveal, in each one of our clusters systems, the existence of different magnetic solutions (ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, and antiferromagnetic) with very small energy differences among them, a result that could lead to the existence of complex finite-temperature magnetic properties. Finally, we compare our results with recent experimental measurements.Comment: 7 pages and 4 figure

Revista del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Actividad trófica de limícolas invernantes en salinas y cultivos piscícolas de la bahía de CádizUso de microhábitat del ratón de campo (Apodemus sylvatycus L.) en robledales y áreas ecotonales del Pirineo.Dieta de los pollos de tres especies simpátricas de alcaudones (Lanius spp.): variaciones con la edad, estacionales e interespecíficasOcupación de distintos modelos de nidal por el estornino negro (Sturnus unicolor)Estudio comparado sobre la biología de la reproducción de tres especies simpátricas de alcaudones (real Lanius excubitor, dorsirrojo L. collurio y común L. senatorFluctuación estacional del peso corporal de los machos adultos de Arvicola sapidus MILLER, 1908 (Rodentia, Arvicolidae)Acerca del significado de los ataques de alcaudones Lanius spp. sobre aves.Distribución de los emididos Mauremys leprosa, SCHW (1812) y Emys orbicularis, L. (1758) de la provincia de Badajoz. Factores que puedieran influir en sus áreas de ocupaciónDeterminación de la edad relativa en la rata de agua meridional, Arvicola sapidus MILLER, 1908 (Rodentia, Arvicolidae)Activity pattern, home range and habitat preference by coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Mapimi Biosphere Reserve of the Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico.Características de los refugios diarios y estacionales de Testudo graeca en DoñanaDieta del gato cimarrón (Felis catus L.) en el piso basal del Macízo de Teno (Noroeste de Tenerife)Peer reviewe

Fully relativistic calculation of magnetic properties of Fe, Co and Ni adclusters on Ag(100)

We present first principles calculations of the magnetic moments and magnetic anisotropy energies of small Fe, Co and Ni clusters on top of a Ag(100) surface as well as the exchange-coupling energy between two single adatoms of Fe or Co on Ag(100). The calculations are performed fully relativistically using the embedding technique within the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method. The magnetic anisotropy and the exchange-coupling energies are calculated by means of the force theorem. In the case of adatoms and dimers of iron and cobalt we obtain enhanced spin moments and, especially, unusually large orbital moments, while for nickel our calculations predict a complete absence of magnetism. For larger clusters, the magnitudes of the local moments of the atoms in the center of the cluster are very close to those calculated for the corresponding monolayers. Similar to the orbital moments, the contributions of the individual atoms to the magnetic anisotropy energy strongly depend on the position, hence, on the local environment of a particular atom within a given cluster. We find strong ferromagnetic coupling between two neighboring Fe or Co atoms and a rapid, oscillatory decay of the exchange-coupling energy with increasing distance between these two adatoms.Comment: 8 pages, ReVTeX + 4 figures (Encapsulated Postscript), submitted to PR

An island view of endemic rarity—Environmental drivers and consequences for nature conservation

Aim: Rarity—an important measure for conservation biogeography—can vary over many orders of magnitude. However, it is unclear which regional-scale abiotic conditions drive processes affecting rarity of endemic species on islands. To support conservation efforts, we (1) assess the main abiotic drivers of endemic rarity, (2) determine how well existing protected areas (PAs) coincide with hotspots of endemic rarity and (3) introduce and evaluate a new hypervolume-based rarity estimator. Location: La Palma (Canary Islands). Methods: We recorded all present endemic vascular plant species in 1,212 plots covering the entire island. We calculated endemic rarity (corrected range-rarity richness for endemics) using a rarity estimation approach based on kernel density estimations (hypervolume approach). We performed a sensitivity analysis based on multiple linear regressions and relative importance estimations of environmental drivers to estimate the performance of the hypervolume-based rarity estimation compared to standard methods (occurrence frequency, convex hulls, alpha hulls). Results: Climate variables (mean annual temperature, climatic rarity, precipitation variability) best explained archipelago endemic (AE) and single-island endemic (SIE) rarity. Existing PAs covered the majority of AE and SIE rarity, especially national and natural parks as well as the Natura 2000 sites. In our study system, hypervolumes performed better than standard measures of range size. Main conclusion: Both AE and SIE rarity on La Palma show a clear spatial pattern, with hotspots of endemic rarity found at high elevations and in rare climates, presumably owing to geographical and climatic constraints and possibly anthropogenic pressure (e.g., land use, introduced herbivores, fire). Areas of high rarity estimates coincide with the distribution and extent of PAs on La Palma, especially since the recent addition of the Natura 2000 sites. The hypervolume approach is a promising tool to estimate species range sizes, and can be applied on all scales where point/plot data are available.European UnionElite Network of Bavari

The fate of terrestrial biodiversity during an oceanic island volcanic eruption

Volcanic activity provides a unique opportunity to study the ecological responses of organisms to catastrophic environmental destruction as an essential driver of biodiversity change on islands. However, despite this great scientific interest, no study of the biodiversity at an erupting volcano has yet been undertaken. On La Palma (Canary archipelago), we quantified the main species affected and their fate during the 85-day eruption (September–December 2021). Our main objective consisted of monitoring the biodiversity subjected to critical stress during this volcanic eruption. We found that all biodiversity within a 2.5 km radius was severely affected after the first two weeks. It is challenging to assess whether volcanism can drive evolutionary traits of insular organisms. Examples are the adaptation of an endemic conifer to high temperatures, selection of functional plant types—secondary woodiness—, effects of the disappearance of invertebrates and their influence in trophic nets and vertebrate trophic plasticity. However, our data suggest that such previous evolutionary changes might continue to favour their resilience during this eruption. Lastly, it is a very good opportunity to assess the extent to which these periodic volcanic catastrophes may constitute temporary windows of repeated opportunities for the evolution and speciation of oceanic island biota.Daily interchange of biological information with our team of volcanologists was the key to better understanding many details of the impact of this 85-day eruption on the rich local biodiversity. Pablo González, Sergio Rodríguez, Jesica López provided us with important references, comments, and support in the field. Sergio Pérez helped identify lichens, and Juan Ignacio Padrón and Jesús Marco provided all kinds of logistic support. We thank the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Real Decreto 1078/2021, de 7 de diciembre), to fund the research activities of the CSIC-PIE project with ID numbers CSIC-LAPALMA-02 and CSIC-LAPALMA-05. The administration of the IPNA-CSIC, Cabildo Insular de La Palma, Gobierno de Canarias and Gesplan S.A. facilitated our work. The manuscript was proof edited by Guido Jones, currently funded by the Cabildo de Tenerife, under the TFinnova Programme supported by MEDI and FDCAN funds. This article is dedicated to the memory of Aurelio Acevedo Rodríguez for his defence of Canarian biodiversity, particularly threatened endemic plants.Peer reviewe