FATORES DETERMINANTES DA REMUNERAÇÃO DOS CONTADORES: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os fatores que determinam a remuneração dos contadores da Região Nordeste Brasileira. As Teorias Econômicas apresentam explicações dos fatores que determinam as variações dos salários dos trabalhadores e dentre as teorias, destacam-se a Teoria do Capital Humano e a Teoria de Segmentação dos Mercados. A primeira destacou-se a partir das publicações de Shultz (1961) e Becker (1962) que apresentam que a variação nos salários decorre dos investimentos em educação. Em relação a Teoria da Segmentação dos Mercados, esta defende que a sociedade do trabalho é uma sociedade discriminante. A amostra da pesquisa compreendeu 14.855 observações de profissionais de contabilidade da região nordeste brasileira. O banco de dados utilizado foi os microdados da RAIS (Relação Anual de Informações Sociais) disponibilizado pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE) referente ao ano de 2014. Por meio de testes estatísticos, observou-se que os profissionais que possuem a titulação de mestrado são melhores remunerados quando comparados aos que possuem apenas o curso de graduação. Destacaram-se também as empresas que são tributadas com base no regime do Simples Nacional pagam salários menores do que as não optantes a este regime. Este resultado confirma o que é preconizado pela Teoria da Segmentação dos Mercados

Biodistribuição de EDTMP-153-samário em ratos tratados com docetaxel

Purpose: Many patients with metastatic bone disease have to use radiopharmaceuticals associated with chemotherapy to relieve bone pain. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of docetaxel on the biodistribution of samarium-153-EDTMP in bones and other organs of rats. Methods: Wistar male rats were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 6 rats each. The DS (docetaxel/samarium) group received docetaxel (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneally in two cycles 11 days apart. The S (samarium/control) group rats were not treated with docetaxel. Nine days after chemotherapy, all the rats were injected with 0.1ml of samarium-153-EDTMP via orbital plexus (25μCi). After 2 hours, the animals were killed and samples of the brain, thyroid, lung, heart, stomach, colon, liver, kidney and both femurs were removed. The percentage radioactivity of each sample (% ATI/g) was determined in an automatic gamma-counter (Wizard-1470, Perkin-Elmer, Finland). Results: On the 9th day after the administration of the 2nd chemotherapy cycle, the rats had a significant weight loss (314.50±22.09g) compared (p<0.5) to pre-treatment weight (353.66± 22.8). The % ATI/g in the samples of rats treated with samarium-153-EDTMP had a significant reduction in the right femur, left femur, kidney, liver and lungs of animals treated with docetaxel, compared to the control rats. Conclusion: The combination of docetaxel and samarium-153-EDTMP was associated with a lower response rate in the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical to targeted tissues. Further investigation into the impact of docetaxel on biodistribution of samarium-153-EDTMP would complement the findings of this stud

Biodistribuição do radiofármaco pertecnetato de sódio (Na99mTcO4) em ratos submetidos a ressecção extensa de intestino delgado

To evaluate the biodistribution of sodium pertecnetate (Na99mTcO4) in organs and tissues, the morphometry of remnant intestinal mucosa and ponderal evolution in rats subjected to massive resection of the small intestine. Methods: Twenty-one Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 7 animals each. The short bowel (SB) group was subjected to massive resection of the small intestine; the control group (C) rats were not operated on, and soft intestinal handling was performed in sham rats. The animals were weighed weekly. On the 30th postoperative day, 0.l mL of Na99mTcO4, with mean activity of 0.66 MBq was injected intravenously into the orbital plexus. After 30 minutes, the rats were killed with an overdose of anesthetic, and fragments of the liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, thyroid, lung, heart, kidney, bladder, muscle, femur and brain were harvested. The biopsies were washed with 0.9% NaCl.,The radioactivity was counted using Gama Counter WizardTM 1470, PerkinElmer. The percentage of radioactivity per gram of tissue (%ATI-g) was calculated. Biopsies of the remaining jejunum were analysed by HE staining to obtain mucosal thickness. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test for multiple comparisons were used, considering p<0.05 as signifi cant. Results: There were no signifi cant differences in %ATI-g of the Na99mTcO4 in the organs of the groups studied (p>0.05). An increase in the weight of the SB rats was observed after the second postoperative week. The jejunal mucosal thickness of the SB rats was signifi cantly greater than that of C and sham rats (p<0.05). Conclusion: In rats with experimentally-produced short bowel syndrome, an adaptive response by the intestinal mucosa reduced weight loss. The biodistribution of Na99mTcO4 was not affected by massive intestinal resection, suggesting that short bowel syndrome is not the cause of misleading interpretation, if an examination using this radiopharmaceutical is indicatedCNP

Effects of topical Application of the honey of melipona subnitida in infected wounds of rats

Avaliar efeitos do uso tópico do mel da abelha silvestre Melipona subnitida na evolução de feridas infectadas de pele. Método: Ratos Wistar foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos de 6, anestesiados com tiopental sódico 20mg/Kg IP e cetamina 30mg/Kg IM e submetidos a exérese de segmento de 1 cm2 de pele total do dorso. Os ratos do grupo C (não infectado) foram tratados com solução salina sobre a ferida diariamente e no grupo MEL (não infectado) as feridas foram tratadas com mel uma vez por dia. Nos grupos C/I e MEL/I as feridas foram inoculadas com solução polimicrobiana. Culturas foram feitas 24 horas após. Caracterizada a infecção, as feridas foram tratadas com solução salina e mel, respectivamente. No terceiro dia de tratamento foi feita nova cultura. Após epitelização foi contado o tempo de cicatrização e as feridas foram biopsiadas para histopatologia e dosagem de TNF-a, IL-1b e IL-6 no tecido. Resultados: O tempo médio de cicatrização do grupo MEL/I foi menor que nos demais grupos(P<0,05). Verificou-se que a densidade de colágeno, leucócitos, fibroblastos e dosagem de citocinas (especialmente TNF) foi maior no grupo infectado e tratado com mel que nos demais grupos. Houve significante redução de bactérias Gram-negativas e positivas nas feridas após o tratamento com mel. Conclusão: O uso tópico de mel de Melipona subnitida em feridas infectadas da pele de ratos estimulou a resposta imunológica, reduziu a infecção e o tempo de cicatrizaçãoCNP

Influence of sweeteners in the biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical and laboratory tests in rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of sucralose and fructose on the metabolism of adolescent rats. Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (GC), fructose group (GF) treated with 50 mg/kg of fructose, and sucralose group (GS) receiving 50 mg/kg of sucralose for 24 days. The weight and feed intake were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, some biochemical parameters, histopathology of the liver and biodistribution of the radiotracer 99mTc-sodium phytate in liver and blood were analyzed. The GF showed higher body weight only in the first week compared with GS and GC (p&lt;0.05). Histopathology and % ATI/g radiotracer 99mTc-sodium phytate in liver and blood were not different between the groups. The GF showed higher values of aspartate aminotransferase activity, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase activity and gamma glutamyl transferase activity, compared with the other groups (GC and GS) (p&lt;0.05). Activity of alanine aminotransferase and albumin level of GF were higher than GS (p&lt;0.05). For other parameters, no statistical difference was observed. It was concluded that the use of fructose during the experiment was able to alter hepatic enzymes, but on the other hands, the use of sucralose caused no change.Keywords: Sucralose, fructose, adolescent rats, radiopharmaceutica

Gliclazide Prevents 5-FU-Induced Oral Mucositis by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and P-Selectin Adhesion Molecules

Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the main side effects of the head and neck cancer treatment, particularly radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. OM is characterized by ulcers, erythema, dysphagia, xerostomia, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. In the perspective of finding pharmacological therapies to prevent inflammation and ulceration of OM, the investigation of the pleiotropic effect of commercial drugs is needed, among them gliclazide, an antidiabetic drug. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gliclazide in an experimental OM model induced by 5-fluorouracil. Male hamsters were pre-treated with oral gliclazide (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) for 10 days. Cheek pouch samples were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis (COX2, iNOS, MMP-2, NFκB P65, GPx) and imunofluorescence (P-selectin). IL-1β and TNF-α levels, Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis. NFκB NLS P50 protein levels were analyzed by western blotting. The group treated with gliclazide at a dose of 10 mg/kg showed presence of erythema, no evidence of erosion, and absence of mucosal ulceration with a score of 1 (1–2) (p &lt; 0.01). Histopathological data for the group treated with gliclazide 10 mg/kg showed re-epithelialization, discrete mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and absence of hemorrhage, edema, ulcers and abscesses with a score of 1 (1–1) (p &lt; 0.01). Treatment with gliclazide 10 mg/kg reduced MPO activity (p &lt; 0.001), MDA levels (p &lt; 0.001) and NFκB NLS P50 (p &lt; 0.05) protein levels, resulting in low immunostaining to Cox-2, iNOS (p &lt; 0.05), NFκB P65 (p &lt; 0.05), and negative immunoreaction to MMP-2 (p &lt; 0.001). However, it appeared that for Gpx1, the staining was restored in the GLI 10-FUT group compared with 5FUT/saline (p &lt; 0.05). Immunofluorescence revealed decreased levels of P-selectin (p &lt; 0.001) after treatment with gliclazide 10 mg/kg (p &lt; 0.05). In summary, gliclazide accelerated mucosal recovery and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the 5-FU-induced OM in hamsters

How can micelle systems be rebuilt by a heating process?

The aim of this work was to evaluate how an aqueous micellar system containing Amphotericin B (AmB) and sodium deoxycholate (DOC) can be rebuilt after heating treatment. Also, a review of the literature on the physicochemical and biological properties of this new system was conducted. Heated (AmB-DOC-H) and unheated (AmB-DOC) micelles were then diluted at four different concentrations (50 mg · L−1, 5 mg · L−1, 0.5 mg · L−1, and 0.05 mg · L−1) to perform physicochemical studies and a pharmacotoxicity assay, in which two cell models were used for the in vitro experiments: red blood cells (RBC) from human donors and Candida parapsilosis (Cp). While potassium (K+) and hemoglobin leakage from RBC were the parameters used to evaluate acute and chronic toxicity, respectively, the efficacy of AmB-DOC and AmB-DOC-H were assessed by K+ leakage and cell survival rate from Cp. The spectral study revealed a slight change in the AmB-DOC aggregate peak from 327 nm to 323 nm, which is the peak for AmB-DOC-H. Although AmB-DOC and AmB-DOC-H exhibited different behavior for hemoglobin leakage, AmB-DOC produced higher leakage than AmB-DOC-H at high concentrations (from 5 mg · L−1). For K+ leakage, both AmB-DOC and AmB-DOC-H showed a similar profile for both cell models, RBC and Cp (P < 0.05). AmB-DOC-H and AmB-DOC also revealed a similar profile of activity against Cp with an equivalent survival rate. In short, AmB-DOC-H showed much less toxicity than AmB-DOC, but remained as active as AmB-DOC against fungal cells. The results highlight the importance of this new procedure as a simple, inexpensive, and safe way to produce a new kind of micelle system for the treatment of systemic fungal infections

Perceção docente da supervisão pedagógica

Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação na área de Supervisão e Orientação PedagógicaNa escola de hoje, a supervisão pedagógica pode desempenhar um papel importante na construção de uma cultura de equipa docente, baseada na partilha de experiências e saberes, em que o envolvimento de cada indivíduo se torna essencial para a identidade coletiva do grupo. O presente trabalho pretendeu conhecer a perceção docente da supervisão pedagógica através de um estudo de caso numa escola onde a investigadora exerceu a profissão docente durante vários anos. A finalidade do mesmo consistiu em perceber a existência ou não de relação entre a realidade supervisiva atual e a que se pretenderia que existisse por parte dos docentes. Os dados foram recolhidos primeiramente através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e, posteriormente, por questionários elaborados com base naquelas. Para além da análise de conteúdo, procedeu-se também à análise documental baseada em autores reconhecidos da vasta bibliografia relativa ao tema em estudo. Os resultados obtidos permitiram-nos concluir que, efetivamente, existe um desfasamento entre perceções da realidade supervisiva e perceções do que seria desejável no desempenho dessa mesma função. Com base no presente estudo empírico, pudemos apurar que a supervisão pedagógica deve sofrer alterações na sua génese. Essas alterações deverão visar um trabalho de equipa não hierarquizado, em que são fundamentais os comportamentos colaborativos numa perspetiva dialógica de trabalho. O supervisor deverá ser alguém dotado de competências sociais e cognitivas que lhe permitam fomentar a cooperação, revelando um espírito de liderança e promovendo a consecução de objetivos comuns, o que permitirá o desenvolvimento da identidade profissional docente baseada num espírito que se deseja de equipa.In nowadays school, pedagogical supervision can play an important role in the construction of teachers’ team culture based on sharing out experience and knowledge in which the involvement of each individual becomes essential for the collective group identity. The present work intended to realize the teachers’ perception concerning the pedagogical supervision troughout a case study research performed at a school where the researcher taught for several years. Its goal consisted in being aware if there was a relation between nowadays pedagogical supervising reality and the one that teachers would like to see accomplished. Data were collected, first by semi-structural interviews and then, through questionnaires which were built based on the interviews. Beyond a data content analysis, a documental analysis based on recognized authors on these matters was accomplished. The achieved results allowed us to conclude that there is a really imbalance between the perceptions of the supervising reality and the perceptions of what it would be desirable in the supervising fulfilment. According to this empirical study, we could establish that pedagogical supervision must be changed on its basis. Those changes shall aim at a non-hierarchical team work, in which collaborative behaviours are essential in a working dialogical perspective. The supervisor shall be endowed with social and cognitive competences that will allow him/her to promote cooperation, revealing leadership and promoting the achievement of common goals that will permit the development of the teaching professional identity, based on a desired team spirit. Perceção docente da Supervisão Pedagógicainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio