Relationship Between Land Use and Water Quality in a Subtropical River Basin

This study investigated the influence of land use on water quality parameters in the subtropical basin of Jundiaí-Mirim river. Water samples were collected to measure nutrients concentration and direct measurements by multiparameter probe were performed, as well as landscape analysis, using satellite images and visits in the sampling sites, besides analysis of population density data. Data were standardized and the correlation between the variables was measured using Spearman approach. Land use in the surrounding area of the sampling points had strong and significant correlations (p < 0.05) with some of the water quality parameters evaluated. These correlations had different causes, explained by the land use in a 50 m radius, or 500 m radius, or even beyond these environments studied. Landscape analysis has proved to be an important tool for understanding the interaction between water quality and land use.A influência do uso do solo sobre a qualidade da água foi investigada na bacia hidrográfica subtropical do rio Jundiaí-Mirim. Amostras de água foram coletadas para determinação de nutrientes e medidas diretas por meio de sonda multi-parâmetros foram realizadas, assim como a análise da paisagem, por meio de sensoriamento remoto e visitas nos locais de amostragem, além da avaliação de dados sobre da densidade populacional. Os dados foram padronizados e o grau de correlação entre as variáveis foi analisado usando a abordagem de Spearman. O uso da terra no entorno dos pontos de amostragem apresentou fortes e significativas correlações (p < 0,05) com alguns dos parâmetros da qualidade da água avaliados. Essa correlação se deu por diferentes causas, explicadas pelo uso da terra em um raio de 50 m, ou 500 m, ou mesmo além desses entornos estudados. A análise da paisagem demonstrou ser uma importante ferramenta para o entendimento da interação qualidade da água e uso da terra

Análise espacial de perda de solo por erosão na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Jundiaí-Mirim – SP

Os processos erosivos são um dos problemas mais atuantes da degradação do solo. A delimitação de regiões com problemas de erosão hídrica é necessária para implantar técnicas conservacionistas que reduzam tal ocorrência. A Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (EUPS) se mostra eficiente para diagnosticar a erodibilidade do solo, uma vez que já foi aplicado em vários estudos. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste artigo foi estimar a perda de solo por erosão hídrica na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Jundiaí-Mirim (BHJM) com auxílio de técnicas de geoprocessamento. Os resultados mostraram que, para o ano de 2015, a bacia perdeu em média 5,21 t.ha-1.ano-1 de solo, apresentando uma predominância de classe do tipo “Nulo a Muito Baixo” com cerca de 80% em relação à área de estudo, sendo o K e o CP os que mais contribuíram para essa perda. A BHJM apresentou um Risco de Erosão Potencial (REP) do tipo Muito Alto, com cerca de 49% em relação à área total; já considerando o Risco de Erosão Emergente (REE), a bacia apresentou a classe mais frequente como Muito Baixo, com cerca de 70% em relação à área da bacia, devido à predominância do Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo e sua baixa erodibilidade. Os resultados apontam que a ausência das práticas conservacionistas pode aumentar sensivelmente as perdas de solo em bacias hidrográficas. Nesse cenário, observou-se também que o uso de geotecnologias na integração de informações permitiu a quantificação e espacialização da perda do solo, uma importante informação para a elaboração de modelos de gestão

Comparative Study of the Vertebral Heart Scale (VHS) and the Cardiothoracic Ratio (CTR) in Healthy Poodle Breed dogs

Background: Veterinary cardiology has been widely divulged, especially because of the search for diagnostic methods that allow early identification of heart disease in companion animals. Several techniques are available, such as digital radiography (DR), computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) that are being applied to patients with various diseases. VHS has been widely used in clinical practice in veterinary medicine as a way to diagnose heart size increases in lateral thoracic radiography in small animals. Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is a predictive factor for cardiac insufficiency in humans. In veterinary medicine, this index is still little used. The objective of the present study was to compare the vertebral heart scale (VHS) and cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) to assess changes in the size of the cardiac silhouette dogs in thoracic radiographs.Materials, Methods & Results: The VHS and CTR of forty healthy poodle breed dogs (20 males and 20 females) from University Veterinary Hospital at the Federal University of Piauí were assessed. The animals were placed in supine and lateral decubitus, to obtain radiographic images in dorsoventral (DV) and right and left laterolateral projections of the thoracic region. The images acquired on the photosensitive radiographic chassis were analyzed by digital radiographic image system installed in the Image Diagnosis Service of the University Veterinary Hospital -HVU/UFPI. VHS (Vertebral Heart Scale) measurements were taken using the sum of the heart length and heart width at its greatest diameter, comparing with the vertebral bodies from the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4). The CTR was assessed by comparing the greatest width of the heart silhouette and the distance between the thoracic walls at height T8. The heart width was measured from the two greatest distances (ML and MR), from the vertical line that divides the limit between the right and left sides of the heart, at the point of its greatest diameter. Similarly, the thoracic width was measured at the point of greatest thoracic diameter (MTD). The mean of the VHS and CTR in the males was 9.83 ± 0.85v and 0.48 ± 0.05, respectively. The females showed values of 9.65 ± 0.65v and 0.50 ± 0.03, respectively (P > 0.05). The mean of the VHS and CTR, considering males and females, was 9.72 ± 0.73v and 0.48 ± 0.04, respectively. VHS and weight correlated positively (r = 0.96), as the CTR and weight (r = 0.94). VHS and age showed high correlation (r = 0.96) as CTR and age (r = 0.93). VHS and CTR showed high correlation (r = 0.96).Discussion: Although congenital malformations and genetic diseases can occur, the acquired heart diseases correspond to most of the complications found in dogs. VHS increases considerably 6 to 12 months before the development of congestive heart failure (CHF). The poodles studied, considering the universe of males and females (P < 0.05), presented mean VHS values of 9.72 ± 0.73v. Similarly, there was no significant difference between genders for VHS measured in right and left decubitus in normal dogs. The cardiothoracic ratio measured for the poodles studied showed mean values of 0.48 ± 0.05. In humans, values below 0.5 are considered normal, while values above this may indicate the presence of cardiomegaly. The CTR is intimately related to the volume of the left ventricle and CTR values above 0.5 in humans are pathological. Our results demonstrated that VHS and CTR showed strong correlation in their measurements, suggesting that CTR, constantly used in humans, could be considered as a tool to assess the size of the heart silhouette in dogs of the poodle breed

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Recuperação ambiental como estratégia para sustentabilidade

- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v13i25.673 (versão em português)- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v13i27.931 (versão em inglês e espanhol)- Artigo publicado em três idiomas: português, inglês e espanhol.- Título em inglês: Environmental reclamation as strategy for sustainability.- Título em espanhol: Recuperación ambiental como estratégia para sustentabilidade