58 research outputs found

    Diatomáceas holocênicas no litoral médio do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: análise de assembléias e reconstruções paleoambientais

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    O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composição das assembléias de diatomáceas ocorrentes nas amostras de testemunho executado na porção norte da Lagoa do Peixe (31º26'S-51º10'O e 31º14'S-50º54'O). A fim de caracterizar os paleoambientes formados em conseqüência das oscilações do nível do mar durante a transgressão marinha holocênica, três amostras foram datadas pelo C14, confirmando a idade holocênica (10 ka AP - atual) da seqüência do testemunho. Foram coletadas 43 amostras de lama, contidas no intervalo 223-586cm do testemunho, dos quais, apenas 12 amostras indicaram a presença de diatomáceas. Os resultados preliminares da análise revelaram a presença de 76 táxons exclusivamente marinhos e mixohalinos, durante as oscilações do nível do mar durante a transgressão. A análise da abundância e preservação valvar de taxa da assembléia, sugere que Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve comporta-se como uma espécie autóctone. Sugere-se que espécie sofreu processos de transporte em decorrência de transgressões e regressões marinhas holocênicas, que afetaram a Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, mantendo-a na zona costeira. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para o melhor conhecimento da historia evolutiva da Lagoa de Peixe, cuja evolução está diretamente conectada com as mudanças climáticas e as oscilações do nível do marSesiones libresFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

    Early Cretaceous vegetation and climate change at high latitude: Palynological evidence from Isachsen Formation, Arctic Canada

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    Quantitative palynology of the marginal marine and deltaic-fluvial Isachsen Formation of the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic, provides insight into high latitude climate during much of the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian to early Aptian). Detrended Correspondence Analysis of main pollen and spore taxa is used to derive three ecological groupings influenced by moisture and disturbance based on the botanical affinities of palynomorphs: 1) a mixed coniferous assemblage containing both lowland and upland components; 2) a conifer-filicopsid community that likely grew in dynamic lowland habitats; and, 3) a mature dry lowland community composed of Cheirolepidiaceans. Stratigraphic changes in the relative abundance of pollen and spore taxa reflect climate variability in this polar region during the ~20 Mya history of the Isachsen Formation. The late Valanginian was relatively cool and moist and promoted lowland conifer-filicopsid communities. Warming in the Hauterivian resulted in the expansion coniferous communities in well-drained or arid hinterlands. A return to relatively cool and moist conditions in the Barremian resulted in the expansion of mixed lowland communities. This work demonstrates the utility of a multivariate statistical approach to palynology to provide insight into the composition and dynamics of ecosystems and climate of high latitude regions during the Early Cretaceous

    Indicative value of non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) and palynofacies for palaeoreconstructions: Holocene Peat, Brazil

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    The results of the palynological study of the samples from the core, performed in the Aguas Claras peatland, RS, Brazil (50°45′00″W, 30°00′15″S), focus on detailed taxonomic analysis of non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) and palynofacies from the Holocene peat and underline the Late Pleistocene mud and sandy mud that were represented. NPPs from the samples revealed taxonomic variety of fungal palynomorphs, presented by Brachysporium, Clastesporium, Dicellaesporites, Dicellaeporisporites, Gelasinospora, Glomus, Sordaria, Helicoon, and others. The habitats of above mentioned taxa are varied: aquatic, mycorrhizal, parasitic, organic matter decaying, and dung-coprophilous. Freshwater algal palynomorphs were composed of Botryococcus, Closterium, Debarya, Mougeotia, Pseudoschizaea, Spirogyra, and Zygnema. The percentage ratio between algal and fungal palynomorphs was changed from the different samples of the core, reflecting climatic oscillations (more humid-dryer). Prevalence of fungal palynomorphs was connected with dryer climate, and on the contrary, freshwater algal palynomorph predominance was related with increasing humidity. The six palynomorph zones that corresponded to the six principal phases of environmental and climatic changes were determined. The zone from the uppermost part of peat was characterized by relatively frequent dungcoprophilous and parasitic fungi, as a result of agricultural and domestic activities. Palynofacies analysis combined to NPPs was used for palaeoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions. Palynofacies from the samples were characterized by evident changes in relationship (%) between the different types of organic matter, their quality, and quantity and fluorescence index. The obtained data contribute to the understanding of the peat deposition. The combined use of NPPs and palynofacies analyses provided a valuable approach for the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions

    Diatomáceas holocênicas no litoral médio do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: análise de assembléias e reconstruções paleoambientais

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    O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composição das assembléias de diatomáceas ocorrentes nas amostras de testemunho executado na porção norte da Lagoa do Peixe (31º26'S-51º10'O e 31º14'S-50º54'O). A fim de caracterizar os paleoambientes formados em conseqüência das oscilações do nível do mar durante a transgressão marinha holocênica, três amostras foram datadas pelo C14, confirmando a idade holocênica (10 ka AP - atual) da seqüência do testemunho. Foram coletadas 43 amostras de lama, contidas no intervalo 223-586cm do testemunho, dos quais, apenas 12 amostras indicaram a presença de diatomáceas. Os resultados preliminares da análise revelaram a presença de 76 táxons exclusivamente marinhos e mixohalinos, durante as oscilações do nível do mar durante a transgressão. A análise da abundância e preservação valvar de taxa da assembléia, sugere que Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve comporta-se como uma espécie autóctone. Sugere-se que espécie sofreu processos de transporte em decorrência de transgressões e regressões marinhas holocênicas, que afetaram a Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, mantendo-a na zona costeira. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para o melhor conhecimento da historia evolutiva da Lagoa de Peixe, cuja evolução está diretamente conectada com as mudanças climáticas e as oscilações do nível do marSesiones libresFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

    Copper bioavailability and fractionation in Copper-contaminated sandy soils in the wet subtropics (southern Brazil)

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    We studied the distribution, bioavailability and speciation of copper in subtropical sandy soils exposed to long-term applications of copper-based fungicide. In the surface horizon of the contaminated soils, bioavailable copper surpasses the toxic threshold for plants up to several times. Mobile fractions of copper predominate in top layers, contributing to contamination spreading downward to groundwater. Copper accumulates on the underlying iron hydroxide barrier in quantities comparable to total copper concentrations in the surface horizon. Despite the impediment of the geochemical barrier, most applied copper reaches the aquifer, contaminating the groundwater
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