276 research outputs found
Investigations of decision processes at the intersection of psychology and economics
In recent years, there has been growing interest in capturing, manipulating, and analyzing the effects of decision-making processes that underlie economic choice. This editorial discusses these recent developments by contextualizing the six contributions to the special issue “Cognition and Economic Behavior” within the broader scope of the existing literature
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Integrated single cell analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes in multiple sclerosis
Recent Development on Underground Coal Gasification and Subsequent CO2 Storage
Underground coal gasification (UCG) is the in-situ conversion of deep underground coal to synthesis gas for heating, chemical manufacturing and power generation. UCG has been the subject of extensive pilot testing but technical and environmental concerns remain, not least its greenhouse gas emissions. An attractive solution is to combine UCG with CO2 capture and storage (CCS) so that the CO2 generated from the UCG and combustion of synthesis gas is re-injected back underground in the UCG cavities, adjacent unmineable coal seams and stressed strata. Thereby the emissions from UCG are eliminated and deep coal reserves become a new source of energy supply. This paper reviews the recent global development of UCG projects, the research progress of UCG technology and the technical developments and economic feasibility of UCG-CCS in recent EU projects
The pyeTribe: Simultaneous eyetracking for economic games
The recent introduction of inexpensive eye-trackers has opened up a wealth of opportunities for researchers to study attention in interactive tasks. No software package was previously available to help researchers exploit those opportunities. We created “the pyeTribe”, a software package that offers, among others, the following features: First, a communication platform between many eye-trackers to allow simultaneous recording of multiple participants. Second, the simultaneous calibration of multiple eye-trackers without the experimenter’s supervision. Third, data collection restricted to periods of interest, thus reducing the volume of data and easing analysis. We used a standard economic game (the public goods game) to examine data quality and demonstrate the potential of our software package. Moreover, we conducted a modeling analysis, which illustrates how combining process and behavioral data can improve models of human decision making behavior in social situations. Our software is open source and can thus be used and improved by others
GateNet: A novel Neural Network Architecture for Automated Flow Cytometry Gating
Flow cytometry is widely used to identify cell populations in patient-derived
fluids such as peripheral blood (PB) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). While
ubiquitous in research and clinical practice, flow cytometry requires gating,
i.e. cell type identification which requires labor-intensive and error-prone
manual adjustments. To facilitate this process, we designed GateNet, the first
neural network architecture enabling full end-to-end automated gating without
the need to correct for batch effects. We train GateNet with over 8,000,000
events based on N=127 PB and CSF samples which were manually labeled
independently by four experts. We show that for novel, unseen samples, GateNet
achieves human-level performance (F1 score ranging from 0.910 to 0.997). In
addition we apply GateNet to a publicly available dataset confirming
generalization with an F1 score of 0.936. As our implementation utilizes
graphics processing units (GPU), gating only needs 15 microseconds per event.
Importantly, we also show that GateNet only requires ~10 samples to reach
human-level performance, rendering it widely applicable in all domains of flow
cytometry
Anisotropic excitation of surface plasmon polaritons on a metal film by a scattering-type scanning near-field microscope with a nonrotationally-symmetric probe tip
We investigated the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons on gold films with the metallized probe tip of a scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM). The emission of the polaritons from the tip, illuminated by near-infrared laser radiation, was found to be anisotropic and not circularly symmetric as expected on the basis of literature data. We furthermore identified an additional excitation channel via light that was reflected off the tip and excited the plasmon polaritons at the edge of the metal film. Our results, while obtained for a non-rotationally-symmetric type of probe tip and thus specific for this situation, indicate that when an s-SNOM is employed for the investigation of plasmonic structures, the unintentional excitation of surface waves and anisotropic surface wave propagation must be considered in order to correctly interpret the signatures of plasmon polariton generation and propagation
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Seven easy steps to open science: An annotated reading list
The open science movement is rapidly changing the scientific landscape. Because exact definitions are often lacking and reforms are constantly evolving, accessible guides to open science are needed. This paper provides an introduction to open science and related reforms in the form of an annotated reading list of seven peer-reviewed articles, following the format of Etz, Gronau, Dablander, Edelsbrunner, and Baribault (2018). Written for researchers and students-particularly in psychological science-it highlights and introduces seven topics: understanding open science; open access; open data, materials, and code; reproducible analyses; preregistration and registered reports; replication research; and teaching open science. For each topic, we provide a detailed summary of one particularly informative and actionable article and suggest several further resources. Supporting a broader understanding of open science issues, this overview should enable researchers to engage with, improve, and implement current open, transparent, reproducible, replicable, and cumulative scientific practices
The time course of conflict on the Cognitive Reflection Test
Reasoning that is deliberative and reflective often requires the inhibition of intuitive responses. The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) is designed to assess people's ability to suppress incorrect heuristic responses in favour of deliberation. Correct responding on the CRT predicts performance on a range of tasks in which intuitive processes lead to incorrect responses, suggesting indirectly that CRT performance is related to cognitive control. Yet little is known about the cognitive processes underlying performance on the CRT. In the current research, we employed a novel mouse tracking methodology to capture the time-course of reasoning on the CRT. Analysis of mouse cursor trajectories revealed that participants were initially drawn towards the incorrect (i.e., intuitive) option even when the correct (deliberative) option was ultimately chosen. Conversely, participants were not attracted to the correct option when they ultimately chose the incorrect intuitive one. We conclude that intuitive processes are activated automatically on the CRT and must be inhibited in order to respond correctly. When participants responded intuitively, there was no evidence that deliberative reasoning had become engaged
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