Reduplication in Dhundari

The research paper mainly focuses on reduplication process, its morphological construction and semantic features in the Dhundari language. Dhundari is an Indo-Aryan language, spoken in the Dhundar region, the northeastern part of Rajasthan state, India. Reduplication is a very common morphological process in the grammar of Dhundari like other Indian and South Asian languages. Reduplication is universally used to refer to the repetition of the linguistic units, such as a phoneme, morpheme, word, and utterances as well. The present study is to reveal the reduplicated patterns, structures, and their functions, which occur in Dhundari. The present paper also tries to show the comprehensible differences between the terms Reduplication and Repetition processes, found in this language. The term Repetition in African languages is a common semi-morphological process that is also observed in Dhundari in different contexts of the communication process with its semantic and pragmatic functions. The data for the study was collected in Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi from five different native speakers of Dhundar region (SwaiMadhopur). The findings of the paper clearly demonstrate that the function of reduplication process is observed widely in terms of emphasis, generality, intensity and pragmatic. The present result also indicates that reduplication process is a salient linguistic feature of Dhundari like other Indian languages

Movie Popularity Classification based on Inherent Movie Attributes using C4.5,PART and Correlation Coefficient

Abundance of movie data across the internet makes it an obvious candidate for machine learning and knowledge discovery. But most researches are directed towards bi-polar classification of movie or generation of a movie recommendation system based on reviews given by viewers on various internet sites. Classification of movie popularity based solely on attributes of a movie i.e. actor, actress, director rating, language, country and budget etc. has been less highlighted due to large number of attributes that are associated with each movie and their differences in dimensions. In this paper, we propose classification scheme of pre-release movie popularity based on inherent attributes using C4.5 and PART classifier algorithm and define the relation between attributes of post release movies using correlation coefficient.Comment: 6 page

Transport of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron in Heterogeneous Soils: Model Development and Sensitivity Study

Subsurface remediation using nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) is a promising in-situ technology that can convert groundwater contaminants into non-toxic compounds. Despite its promising characteristics, field scale implementation of nZVI technology has faced major challenges due to poor subsurface mobility and limited longevity, all leading to smaller nZVI travel distance. How far nZVI travels in the subsurface is an important parameter as it influences the amount of contaminants that could be reached and thereby remediated. This thesis examined various factors (viscosity, groundwater velocity, injection flux, soil heterogeneity, lag period) on nZVI travel distance through a numerical model and by performing a statistical analysis which revealed that viscosity has a statistically significant impact on nZVI travel distance while the impact of groundwater velocity and injection flux are statistically insignificant. The model also revealed that soil heterogeneity plays an important factor and that longer nZVI injection periods are better for nZVI deployment in the field

Asymmetric Synthesis of All-Carbon α-aryl Quaternary Carbonyl Compounds By Palladium-catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation (Pd-AAA) and Their Application to the Synthesis of Biologically Important 3,3′-disubstituted Oxindole and α-disubstituted Quaternary β-lactone Frameworks

The development of catalytic, enantioselective methods for the construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters is an outstanding achievement in the recent history of organic chemistry. The palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (Pd-AAA) reaction has played a key role in creating such stereocenters and has allowed researchers to synthesize a vast number of biologically potent natural products. However, synthetic methodologies to access compounds containing α-aryl groups to the quaternary carbon stereocenters are still rare. The increasing appearance of these all-carbon α-aryl quaternary stereocenters in a growing number of biologically active natural products and pharmaceutical agents creates a pressing need for the ability to construct this important motif enantioselectively. In this endeavor, a set of acyclic all-carbon α-aryl quaternary stereocenter has been synthesized via intermolecular Palladium catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation (Pd-AAA). Here hydroxyacrylate was used as an unprecedented nucleophilic counterpart instead of the widely used ketonic substrate. This produced a very rare all-carbon quaternary aldehydes with good to excellent yields (75–99%) and enantioselectivities ranges between 75–94%. This methodology is not only limited to produce aldehydes, as an analogous ketone with a quaternary α-carbon center has also been synthesized successfully. Using this methodology, chiral 3,3′-disubstituted oxindole moiety was produced with high yield (80%) and enantioselectivity (82%) from o-nitrophenylhydroxyacrylate in three simple steps. The oxindole framework bearing a tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenter at 3-position is a privileged heterocyclic motif that constructs the core of a large family of bioactive natural products and a series of pharmaceutically active compounds. An intensive research has been conducted to synthesize 3,3′-disubstituted oxindole which resulted in a fair amount of methods to produce such an important moiety. However, to the best of our knowledge, all of the reported methodologies so far have used pre-formed oxindole ring itself or a highly specialized compound as a prochiral starting material to produce asymmetry. Another application of this method includes the synthesis of chiral α-disubstituted quaternary β-lactone from the parent phenylhydroxyacrylate in high yield (87%) and enantioselectivity (94%). β-lactones have recently emerged as important synthetic targets due to their occurrence in a variety of natural products, their utility as versatile synthetic intermediates, and their use as monomers for the preparation of biodegradable polymers

Enhancing the Quality of Learning through Changes in Students’ Approach to Learning

Learning causes relatively a permanent change in one's behavior. There are multiple paradigms in the theories of learning, the latest theory in this group being Constructivism. This particular theory postulates that a learner himself/herself constructs his/her learning through an active and consistent engagement. This theory also brings the learning process to the center, where the concerned learner's prior experience is used as the base for future learning. Although quality learning is the global agenda in the 21st century, there is still no clear and concise definition. Quality of learning has diverse connotations. Researchers in this area search for it in its process as well as in its product. However, one may say the quality learning process motivates a student to have a deep engagement with the learning task possible through some suitable strategies. Kevin Warburton (2009) identified three main factors that greatly impact a student's motivation, leading to high or low engagement in the learning activity. A conducive learning environment, sophisticated course content, and favorable individual factors could enhance the student's motivation and make him/her have a deep engagement in the learning activity. The product of quality learning is measured by the nature and versatility of the learning outcome. The learning, which is extensive, integrative, and generative, may fulfill the rising demand for quality of learning

A Genome-wide Association Study Coupled With Machine Learning Approaches To Identify Influential Demographic And Genomic Factors Underlying Parkinson’s Disease

Background: Despite the recent success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in identifying 90 independent risk loci for Parkinson\u27s disease (PD), the genomic underpinning of PD is still largely unknown. At the same time, accurate and reliable predictive models utilizing genomic or demographic features are desired in the clinic for predicting the risk of Parkinson\u27s disease. Methods: To identify influential demographic and genomic factors associated with PD and to further develop predictive models, we utilized demographic data, incorporating 200 variables across 33,473 participants, along with genomic data involving 447,089 SNPs across 8,840 samples, both derived from the Fox Insight online study. We first applied correlation and GWAS analyses to find the top demographic and genomic factors associated with PD, respectively. We further developed and compared a variety of machine learning (ML) models for predicting PD. From the developed ML models, we performed feature importance analysis to reveal the predictability of each demographic or the genomic input feature for PD. Finally, we performed gene set enrichment analysis on our GWAS results to identify PD-associated pathways. Results: In our study, we identified both novel and well-known demographic and genetic factors (along with the enriched pathways) related to PD. In addition, we developed predictive models that performed robustly, with AUC = 0.89 for demographic data and AUC = 0.74 for genomic data. Our GWAS analysis identified several novel and significant variants and gene loci, including three intron variants in LMNA (p-values smaller than 4.0e-21) and one missense variant in SEMA4A (p-value = 1.11e-26). Our feature importance analysis from the PD-predictive ML models highlighted some significant and novel variants from our GWAS analysis (e.g., the intron variant rs1749409 in the RIT1 gene) and helped identify potentially causative variants that were missed by GWAS, such as rs11264300, a missense variant in the gene DCST1, and rs11584630, an intron variant in the gene KCNN3. Conclusion: In summary, by combining a GWAS with advanced machine learning models, we identified both known and novel demographic and genomic factors as well as built well-performing ML models for predicting Parkinson\u27s disease

Antitumor and cytotoxic effect of different partitionates of methanol extract of Trema orientalis : A preliminary in-vitro study

Herbal drugs are widely used in the primary health care system now-a-days and the use is increasing day by day. Thus extensive research to confirm the bioactivity of plant extract is very essential. The aim of this research was to determine the antitumor and cytotoxic actions of solvent-solvent partitioned fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and hydro-methanol) of the methanol extract of root of Trema orientalis. The antitumor activity of different fractions of plant extract was evaluated by potato disc bioassay method where Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to induce tumor on potato disc. On the other hand, the cytotoxic effect was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay technique. The ethyl acetate fraction of the plant extract showed 35.51% and 62.89% inhibition of tumor formation in potato disc bioassay method at 50 µg/disc and 100 µg/disc respectively. The hydro-methanol extract showed 37.51% inhibition of tumor formation at 100 µg/disc while at 50 µg/disc no significant inhibition was observed. In contrast, n-hexane fraction did not show any antitumor activity. In cytotoxic study by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the lethal concentration-50 (LC50) value of the nhexane, ethyl acetate and hydro-methanol fraction was 1377.03 µg/ml, 11.67 µg/ml and 48.62 µg/ml respectively. Ethyl acetate and hydro-methanol fractions of the solvent-solvent partitioned methanol extract of T. orientalis showed high antitumor and cytotoxic effect. These fractions are highly promising for further exploration to identify the bioactive com