An investigation into the relationship between tourism development and extreme poverty alleviation in rural Bangladesh

This thesis contributes to the understanding of the relationship between tourism development and extreme poverty alleviation in rural Bangladesh. It adopts a critical theory approach to investigate the social, economic, physical, cultural and political barriers that exclude rural poor and indigenous communities from tourism development benefits. An integrated model proposes that these communities can be included in tourism development through gaining power, legitimacy and urgency as definitive stakeholders, thereby alleviating extreme poverty in developing countries

Improving the Fastness Properties of Cotton Fabric through the Implementation of Different Mordanting Agents Dyed with Natural Dye Extracted from Marigold

Extraction of natural dyes for the coloration of Textile substrate is one the most important research area to the researchers. It is tried to extract the natural dyes from marigold flower through using the different kinds of mordanting agents. In this research, a particular source is used for dyes extraction. Before the extraction Patel of the marigold flower was extracted and dried on sunlight, subsequently dried in room temperature due to preserve the natural colorant. The natural dyes were extracted by boiling the above substrates in water without any chemicals. As mordant, Potash Alum [K2Al2(SO4)3.24H2O], Ferrous Sulphate(FeSO4),Copper Sulphate (CuSO4),Nickel (II) Sulphate (NiSO4),Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7),Stannous Chloride(SnCl2) were used. The mordanting procedures were followed same for all the experiments. The treatment runtime was 60 minute at 100oC. After mordanting each sample fabric was kept for 24 hours for conditioning and then the dyeing was done. But as there is no particular dyeing method for natural dyeing so it is followed some trial and some convenient methods were made after trial for several times. Mordanted samples were wet out in cold water before dyeing. During dyeing some salt or soda was added to observe the effects through the Runtime 60 minutes at 60oC. After dyeing samples were cold rinsed and soaping was done and dried with hot air dryer. Finally the color fastness like Color fastness to wash, Color fastness to perspiration/saliva, Color fastness to water, Color fastness to rubbing and Color fastness to light were checked and found satisfactory result

Trace Metals Concentrations at the Atmosphere Particulate Matters in the Southeast Asian Mega City (Dhaka, Bangladesh)

Atmospheric particulate matters were collected on quartz fibre filters for 24 hours with a low volume sampler from January 2014 to March 2014 at the Southeast Asian mega city (Dhaka, Bangladesh). Particulate matters samples were analysed for eleven trace metals with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) at Cà Foscari University of Venice, Italy. Trace metals were extracted from filters with digestion method using a mixture of HNO3 and H2O2. The average concentration of the determined trace metals of As, Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn, Sband Se were 3.06, 6.28, 3.77, 11.98, 305.6, 9.2, 2057.0, 42.2, 303.3, 5.47 and 2.43 ng·m-3, respectively. Arsenic concentration is much lower in the atmosphere of Dhaka, though Bangladesh has severe arsenic problem in the ground water. Lead and cadmium concentrations showed decreasing trend in Dhaka compared than previous measurements—but still they have very high levels compared than Europe and USA. There is very limited information for Mn, Sb and Se concentrations in Dhaka air. Correlation studies showed that several trace metals had potential joint sources of origin, e.g., manganese is highly correlated with iron (r2 = 0.97) and nickel (r2 = 0.84), copper (r2 = 0.86); lead with arsenic (r2 = 0.79) and antimony (r2 = 0.78). Enrichment factors analysis was also done with the data base for the respective metals in earth crust and coal fly ash. As and Cu both have combined sources, whereas Cd, Pb and Zn were from coal fly ash.Trace metals concentrations in Dhaka city air were much higher than Europe and USA but comparable or slightly lower than other south Asian countries. This is the first extensive study for the eleven trace metals with ICP-MS in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Kinetics of Oxygen Reduction Reaction of Polymer-Coated MWCNT-Supported Pt-Based Electrocatalysts for High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell

Sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of electrodes is one of the main challenges in fuel cell systems. This study explored the kinetics of the ORR reaction mechanism, which enables us to understand clearly the electrochemical activity of the electrode. In this research, electrocatalysts were synthesized from platinum (Pt) catalyst with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated by three polymers (polybenzimidazole (PBI), sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene (Nafion), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) as the supporting materials by the polyol method while hexachloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) was used as a catalyst precursor. The oxygen reduction current of the synthesized electrocatalysts increased that endorsed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves while increasing the rotation rates of the disk electrode. Additionally, MWCNT-PBI-Pt was attributed to the maximum oxygen reduction current densities at −1.45 mA/cm2 while the minimum oxygen reduction current densities of MWCNT-Pt were obtained at −0.96 mAcm2. However, the ring current densities increased steadily from potential 0.6 V to 0.0 V due to their encounter with the hydrogen peroxide species generated by the oxygen reduction reactions. The kinetic limiting current densities (JK) increased gradually with the applied potential from 1.0 V to 0.0 V. It recommends that the ORR consists of a single step that refers to the first-order reaction. In addition, modified MWCNT-supported Pt electrocatalysts exhibited high electrochemically active surface areas (ECSA) at 24.31 m2/g of MWCNT-PBI-Pt, 22.48 m2/g of MWCNT-Nafion-Pt, and 20.85 m2/g of MWCNT-PTFE-Pt, compared to pristine MWCNT-Pt (17.66 m2/g). Therefore, it can be concluded that the additional ionomer phase conducting the ionic species to oxygen reduction in the catalyst layer could be favorable for the ORR reaction

Evaluation of Zinc in various Arums, Bananas, Vegetables and Pulses from Five Upazila of Chittagong region in Bangladesh by Spectro-photometric Method

Abstract: Zinc is an essential element needed by the body in small amount

BORROWER VIABILITY : A TEST OF SUCCESS OF THE GRAMEEN BANK IN BANGLADESH

The Grameen Bank has earned world-wide reputation. Its performance has been evaluated primarily from the institutional perspective by analysing recovery performance, contribution to rural poverty alleviation etc. This paper examines the performance of the Grameen Bank from the borrower perspective by analysing their viability. Borrower viability is evaluated in this paper in terms of changes in economic welfare. The study shows that the GB has infact enhanced economic welfare of its members. However, the paper observed that the approaches and activities of the GB should be recast in the light of the general strategy of current FFYP to be more successful

Financial Development and Energy Consumption Nexus in Malaysia: A Multivariate Time Series Analysis

Despite a bourgeoning literature on the existence of a long-run relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, the findings have failed to establish clearly the direction of causation. A growing economy needs more energy, which is exacerbated by growing population. Evidence suggests that financial development can reduce overall energy consumption by achieving energy efficiency. Economic growth and energy consumption in Malaysia have been rising in tandem over the past several years. The three public policy objectives of Malaysia are: economic progress, population growth and financial development. It is of interest to the policymakers to understand the dynamic interrelation among the stated objectives. The paper implements Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration to examine the existence of a long-run relationship among the series: energy consumption, population, aggregate production, and financial development for Malaysia; and tests for Granger causality within the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results suggest that energy consumption is influenced by economic growth and financial development, both in the short and the long-run, but the population-energy relation holds only in the long run. The findings have important policy implications for balancing economic growth vis-à-vis energy consumption for Malaysia, as well as other emerging nations

Financial development and energy consumption nexus in Malaysia: a multivariate time series analysis. MPRA paper 28403, University library of

Despite a bourgeoning literature on the existence of long run relationship between consumption of energy and economic growth, results on the direction of causality so far, remain elusive. A growing economy needs more energy, which is exacerbated by growing population. Evidence suggests that financial development can reduce energy use by increasing energy efficiency. Economic growth and energy consumption in Malaysia have been rising in tandem over the past several years. The three public policy objectives of Malaysia are: economic progress, population growth and financial development. It is of interest to the policymakers to understand the dynamic interrelation among the stated objectives. The paper explores the existence of a long run relation among energy use, aggregate production, financial development and population in Malaysia; and causality using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results suggest that energy consumption is influenced by economic growth and financial development, both in the short and the long run, but the population-energy relation holds only in the long run. The findings have important policy implications for balancing economic growth vis-à-vis energy consumption for Malaysia, as well as other emerging nations. Published by Elsevier B.V