“Just Imagine That…”: A Solution Focused Approach to Doctoral Research Supervision in Health and Social Care

Effective supervision in doctoral research is critical to successful and timely completion. However,supervision is a complex undertaking with structural as well as relational challenges for bothstudents and supervisors. This instructional paper describes an internationally applicable approach tosupervision that we have developed in the health and social care disciplines that offers structure, butis also dynamic and responsive to the needs of students and supervisors and aims to develop theresearch competency of students. Our approach called Solution Focused Research Supervision(SFRS) is based on solution focused approaches, adapted from Solution Focused Brief Therapy andquestioning techniques derived from coaching. This approach has enabled our supervision teams toeffectively develop focused research questions and decide on appropriate research methodologiesand methods. We offer the SFRS approach as a way of working that seeks to recognize and buildupon strengths, foster engagement and openness to learning as well as build trust between studentsand supervisors. The authors, from (countries deleted for peer review), are supervisors and studentswho have developed the approach and provide practical examples of its application

LINVIEW: Incremental View Maintenance for Complex Analytical Queries

Many analytics tasks and machine learning problems can be naturally expressed by iterative linear algebra programs. In this paper, we study the incremental view maintenance problem for such complex analytical queries. We develop a framework, called LINVIEW, for capturing deltas of linear algebra programs and understanding their computational cost. Linear algebra operations tend to cause an avalanche effect where even very local changes to the input matrices spread out and infect all of the intermediate results and the final view, causing incremental view maintenance to lose its performance benefit over re-evaluation. We develop techniques based on matrix factorizations to contain such epidemics of change. As a consequence, our techniques make incremental view maintenance of linear algebra practical and usually substantially cheaper than re-evaluation. We show, both analytically and experimentally, the usefulness of these techniques when applied to standard analytics tasks. Our evaluation demonstrates the efficiency of LINVIEW in generating parallel incremental programs that outperform re-evaluation techniques by more than an order of magnitude.Comment: 14 pages, SIGMO

Video tools in pediatric goals of care communication: A systematic review

Medical advancesmean a growing array of interventions, therapies, and technologies are available to support care for children with chronic and serious conditions. Some of these approaches are supported by robust data drawn from populations that perfectly reflect an individual patient\u27s physiologic, psychologic, and social situation. But much more often, clinicians and families face decisions in the context of some—or much—uncertainty about whether the intervention will do a child more harm than good. This is particularly true for seriously ill children with a limited lifespan— whether the child is a neonate born with a life-threatening brain anomaly or an adolescent with cancer. Because there is no clear right decision in these circumstances, clinical teams review potential benefits and burdens and prioritize the care goals and expectations held by the child\u27s family [1]. Communication about these aspects of care are often referred to as Goals of Care”. This patient- and family-centered approach identifies valued care, avoids unwanted interventions, and fosters holistic family support [2]. In their 2019 paper, Secunda, et al. offer an operational definition of Goals of Care: “…the overarching aims of medical care for a patient that are informed by patients’ underlying values and priorities, established within the existing clinical context, and used to guide decisions about the use of or limitation on specificmedical interventions” [2]. It is fundamental to shared decision-making and relies on bidirectional communication, particularly since care goals are usually discussed in the setting of clinical conflict, poor prognosis, or treatment limitations [3]. Yet while the Goals of Care terminology is often a vernacular phrase for clinical teams, it is, in fact, jargon that can be ambiguous in conversations with families [4]. A clinician\u27s request to discuss Goals of Care may signal unfamiliar, confusing, intimidating, or emotionally laden conversational domains to families. Additional ambiguity arises from the fact that Goals of Care conversations often occur in the context of a changing prognosis and a background of baseline uncertainty. This gap in understanding and communication undermines family support. Families processing their own hopes and goals for a child find a sense of solidarity and support from hearing about the experiences of other families facing similar situations [5-7]. Several studies have identified the value of video modality as a source for Goals of Care education, including readying viewers for discussion, enhancing emotional awareness, and processing information in a safe space [8-11]. Given the emotion-laden nature of Goals of Care conversations, videos have been recognized as helpful preparation for families [12]. Thoughtfully produced video content offers viewers access to insight, emotion, and knowledge in an almost experiential way. This may be particularly important to families of children with serious illness who often feel isolated from other families experiencing similar challenges [13]

Evaluating the effectiveness of explanations for recommender systems : Methodological issues and empirical studies on the impact of personalization

Peer reviewedPostprin

Contextual Influences on Phonetic Categorization in School-Aged Children

Perceptual stability in adult listeners is supported by the ability to process acoustic-phonetic variation categorically and dynamically adjust category boundaries given systematic contextual influences. The current study examined the developmental trajectory of such flexibility. Adults and school-aged children (5–10 years of age) made voicing identification decisions to voice-onset-time (VOT) continua that differed in speaking rate and place of articulation. The results showed that both populations were sensitive to contextual influences; the voicing boundary was located at a longer VOT for the slow compared to the fast speaking rate continuum and for the velar compared to the labial continuum, and the magnitude of the displacement was slighter greater for the adults compared to the children. Moreover, the two populations differed in terms of the absolute location of the voicing boundaries and the categorization slopes, with slopes becoming more categorical as age increased. These results demonstrate that sensitivity to contextual influences on speech perception emerges early in development, but mature perceptual tuning requires extended experience

Privacy by Design: From Technologies to Architectures (Position Paper)

Existing work on privacy by design mostly focus on technologies rather than methodologies and on components rather than architectures. In this paper, we advocate the idea that privacy by design should also be addressed at the architectural level and be associated with suitable methodologies. Among other benefits, architectural descriptions enable a more systematic exploration of the design space. In addition, because privacy is intrinsically a complex notion that can be in tension with other requirements, we believe that formal methods should play a key role in this area. After presenting our position, we provide some hints on how our approach can turn into practice based on ongoing work on a privacy by design environment

Retrieval, reuse, revision and retention in case-based reasoning

El original está disponible en www.journals.cambridge.orgCase-based reasoning (CBR) is an approach to problem solving that emphasizes the role of prior experience during future problem solving (i.e., new problems are solved by reusing and if necessary adapting the solutions to similar problems that were solved in the past). It has enjoyed considerable success in a wide variety of problem solving tasks and domains. Following a brief overview of the traditional problem-solving cycle in CBR, we examine the cognitive science foundations of CBR and its relationship to analogical reasoning. We then review a representative selection of CBR research in the past few decades on aspects of retrieval, reuse, revision, and retention.Peer reviewe