The Promotion of ‘Grab Bags’ as a Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy.

Introduction: An all-of-society approach to disaster risk reduction emphasizes inclusion and engagement in preparedness activities. A common recommendation is to promote household preparedness through the preparation of a ‘grab bag’ or ‘disaster kit’, that can be used to shelter-in-place or evacuate. However, there are knowledge gaps related to how this strategy is being used around the world as a disaster risk reduction strategy, and what evidence there is to support recommendations. Methods: In this paper, we present an exploratory study undertaken to provide insight into how grab bag guidelines are used to promote preparedness in Canada, China, England, Japan, and Scotland, and supplemented by a literature review to understand existing evidence for this strategy. Results: There are gaps in the literature regarding evidence on grab bag effectiveness. We also found variations in how grab bag guidelines are promoted across the five case studies. Discussion: While there are clearly common items recommended for household grab bags (such as water and first aid kits), there are gaps in the literature regarding: 1) the evidence base to inform guidelines; 2) uptake of guidelines; and 3) to what extent grab bags reduce demands on essential services and improve disaster resilience

The Solar Orbiter SPICE instrument -- An extreme UV imaging spectrometer

A&A, accepted 19 August 2019; 26 pages, 25 figuresThe Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) instrument is a high-resolution imaging spectrometer operating at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths. In this paper, we present the concept, design, and pre-launch performance of this facility instrument on the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission. The goal of this paper is to give prospective users a better understanding of the possible types of observations, the data acquisition, and the sources that contribute to the instrument's signal. The paper discusses the science objectives, with a focus on the SPICE-specific aspects, before presenting the instrument's design, including optical, mechanical, thermal, and electronics aspects. This is followed by a characterisation and calibration of the instrument's performance. The paper concludes with descriptions of the operations concept and data processing. The performance measurements of the various instrument parameters meet the requirements derived from the mission's science objectives. The SPICE instrument is ready to perform measurements that will provide vital contributions to the scientific success of the Solar Orbiter mission

The Solar Orbiter SPICE instrument: An extreme UV imaging spectrometer

Aims. The Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) instrument is a high-resolution imaging spectrometer operating at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths. In this paper, we present the concept, design, and pre-launch performance of this facility instrument on the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission. Methods. The goal of this paper is to give prospective users a better understanding of the possible types of observations, the data acquisition, and the sources that contribute to the instrument’s signal. Results. The paper discusses the science objectives, with a focus on the SPICE-specific aspects, before presenting the instrument’s design, including optical, mechanical, thermal, and electronics aspects. This is followed by a characterisation and calibration of the instrument’s performance. The paper concludes with descriptions of the operations concept and data processing. Conclusions. The performance measurements of the various instrument parameters meet the requirements derived from the mission’s science objectives. The SPICE instrument is ready to perform measurements that will provide vital contributions to the scientific success of the Solar Orbiter mission

Custom Integrated Circuits

Contains table of contents for Part III, table of contents for Section 1 and reports on nine research projects.Analog DevicesIBM CorporationNational Science Foundation/Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Grant MIP 88-14612U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-J-1698National Science Foundation PYI MIP 88-58764U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Contract N00014-87-K-0825Digital Equipment CorporationFederal Bureau of InvestigationIBM Corporation Grant/Fellowshi

Custom Integrated Circuits

Contains table of contents for Part III, table of contents for Section 1, and reports on twelve research projects.IBM CorporationMIT School of EngineeringNational Science Foundation Grant MIP 94-23221Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/U.S. Army Intelligence Center Contract DABT63-94-C-0053Mitsubishi CorporationNational Science Foundation/Young Investigator Award Fellowship MIP 92-58376Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/ U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Contract N00014-94-1-0985National Science Foundation Grant MIP 91-17724U.S. Navy - Office of Navel Research Contract N00174-93-K-0035Analog Devices CorporationFederal Bureau of Investigation Contract J-FBI-92-196Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/Consortium for Superconducting Electronics Contract MDA 972-90-C-0021National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate FellowshipDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency Contract DABT63-94-C-0053Digital Equipment CorporationMIT Lincoln LaboratorySemiconductor Research Corporation Contract SRC 95-SJ-558U.S. Army Contract DABT63-95-C-0088Motorola Corporatio

Custom Integrated Circuits

Contains table of contents for Part III, table of contents for Section 1 and reports on ten research projects.IBM CorporationNational Science FoundationNational Science Foundation/Advanced Research Projects Agency Grant MIP 91-17724Advanced Research Projects Agency/U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Contract N00014-94-1-0985U.S. Navy Contract N00174-93-C-0035Analog Devices, Inc.Federal Bureau of Investigation Contract J-FBI-92-196Advanced Research Projects Agency/Consortium for Superconducting Electronics Contract MDA972-90-C-0021National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate FellowshipDigital Equipment CorporationSemiconductor Research Corporation Contract SRC 93-SJ-360U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Contract N00014-91-J-1698National Science Foundation/Advanced Research Projects Agency Grant MIP 91-17724Semiconductor Research Corporation Contract SRC 93-SJ-558Advanced Research Projects Agency/U.S. Army Intelligence Center Contract DABT63-94-C-0053National Science Foundation Young Investigator AwardMitsubishi Corporation Fellowship MIP 92-5837