Quick and slow ripening of cream.

The experiment reported in Bulletin No. 32 from this Station during the winter of 1895 regarding quick and slow ripening of cream was repeated to determine whether the same results would be found under summer conditions. Beginning May 15, we took each day, 400 pounds of cream, placed it in a vat, thoroughly mixed it so the per cent of fat and the acidity would be the same. We then divided it into two portions, placing 200 pounds in each of the two small vats

Fresh cow vs. stripper butter.

The object of this experiment was to study the effect of the period of lactation on butter flavor. The statement is often made that it is necessary to have part of the milk from fresh cows in order to produce butter of good flavor. This subject we investigated by making a comparison of butter made from milk of fresh cows and from those so far advanced in the period of lactation, as to be termed strippers. Considerable difference of opinion exists as to when a cow may be termed a stripper. In this experiment cows that had been milked six months or more were considered strippers. The milk used was furnished by the Farm Department of the College and was the product of the farm herd. The milk was from cows of four breeds: Short-horn, Holstein, Jersey, and Red Poll

Spectroscopy of q3qˉ3\rm{q}^3\bar{\rm{q}}^3-States in Quark Model and Baryon-Antibaryon Enhancements

We study the mass spectrum of the $\rm{q}^3\bar{\rm{q}}^3$ mesons both from the quark model with triquark correlations and from common quark model with colormagnetic interactions and with relative S-waves between quarks. Two cluster configurations $(\rm{q}^3)-(\bar{\rm{q}}^3)$ and $(\rm{q}^2\bar{\rm{q}})-(\rm{q}\bar{\rm{q}}^2)$ are considered. In the spectrum we find rather stable states which have the same quantum number with particle resonances which are corresponding to the $p\bar{p}$ enhancement, $p\bar{\Lambda}$ enhancement and $\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}$ enhancement with spin-$\mathbf{0}$ or $\mathbf{1}$. This imply these enhancements are NOT experimental artifacts. The color-spin-flavor structures of $p\bar{p}$, $p\bar{\Lambda}$, and $\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}$ enhancements are revealed. The existence of spin-$\mathbf{1}$ $\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}, p\bar{\Lambda}, p\bar{p}$ enhancements is predicted.Comment: 45 pages, 5 figure

Stakeholder perspectives on the development of a virtual clinic for diabetes care : qualitative study

Background: The development of the Internet has created new opportunities for health care provision, including its use as a tool to aid the self-management of chronic conditions. We studied stakeholder reactions to an Internet-based “virtual clinic,” which would allow people with diabetes to communicate with their health care providers, find information about their condition, and share information and support with other users. Objective: The aim of the study was to present the results of a detailed consultation with a variety of stakeholder groups in order to identify what they regard as the desirable, important, and feasible characteristics of an Internet-based intervention to aid diabetes self-management. Methods: Three focus groups were conducted with 12 people with type 1 diabetes who used insulin pumps. Participants were recruited through a local diabetes clinic. One-on-one interviews were conducted with 5 health care professionals from the same clinic (2 doctors, 2 nurses, 1 dietitian) and with 1 representative of an insulin pump company. We gathered patient consensus via email on the important and useful features of Internet-based systems used for other chronic conditions (asthma, epilepsy, myalgic encephalopathy, mental health problems). A workshop to gather expert consensus on the use of information technology to improve the care of young people with diabetes was organized. Results: Stakeholder groups identified the following important characteristics of an Internet-based virtual clinic: being grounded on personal needs rather than only providing general information; having the facility to communicate with, and learn from, peers; providing information on the latest developments and news in diabetes; being quick and easy to use. This paper discusses these characteristics in light of a review of the relevant literature. The development of a virtual clinic for diabetes that embodies these principles, and that is based on self-efficacy theory, is described. Conclusions: Involvement of stakeholders is vital early in the development of a complex intervention. Stakeholders have clear and relevant views on what a virtual clinic system should provide, and these views can be captured and synthesized with relative ease. This work has led to the design of a system that is able to meet user needs and is currently being evaluated in a pilot study

The Generation of Fullerenes

We describe an efficient new algorithm for the generation of fullerenes. Our implementation of this algorithm is more than 3.5 times faster than the previously fastest generator for fullerenes -- fullgen -- and the first program since fullgen to be useful for more than 100 vertices. We also note a programming error in fullgen that caused problems for 136 or more vertices. We tabulate the numbers of fullerenes and IPR fullerenes up to 400 vertices. We also check up to 316 vertices a conjecture of Barnette that cubic planar graphs with maximum face size 6 are hamiltonian and verify that the smallest counterexample to the spiral conjecture has 380 vertices.Comment: 21 pages; added a not

Quantum affine Cartan matrices, Poincare series of binary polyhedral groups, and reflection representations

We first review some invariant theoretic results about the finite subgroups of SU(2) in a quick algebraic way by using the McKay correspondence and quantum affine Cartan matrices. By the way it turns out that some parameters (a,b,h;p,q,r) that one usually associates with such a group and hence with a simply-laced Coxeter-Dynkin diagram have a meaningful definition for the non-simply-laced diagrams, too, and as a byproduct we extend Saito's formula for the determinant of the Cartan matrix to all cases. Returning to invariant theory we show that for each irreducible representation i of a binary tetrahedral, octahedral, or icosahedral group one can find a homomorphism into a finite complex reflection group whose defining reflection representation restricts to i.Comment: 19 page

Direct imaging of a digital-micromirror device for configurable microscopic optical potentials

Programable spatial light modulators (SLMs) have significantly advanced the configurable optical trapping of particles. Typically, these devices are utilized in the Fourier plane of an optical system, but direct imaging of an amplitude pattern can potentially result in increased simplicity and computational speed. Here we demonstrate high-resolution direct imaging of a digital micromirror device (DMD) at high numerical apertures (NA), which we apply to the optical trapping of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We utilise a (1200 x 1920) pixel DMD and commercially available 0.45 NA microscope objectives, finding that atoms confined in a hybrid optical/magnetic or all-optical potential can be patterned using repulsive blue-detuned (532 nm) light with 630(10) nm full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) resolution, within 5% of the diffraction limit. The result is near arbitrary control of the density the BEC without the need for expensive custom optics. We also introduce the technique of time-averaged DMD potentials, demonstrating the ability to produce multiple grayscale levels with minimal heating of the atomic cloud, by utilising the high switching speed (20 kHz maximum) of the DMD. These techniques will enable the realization and control of diverse optical potentials for superfluid dynamics and atomtronics applications with quantum gases. The performance of this system in a direct imaging configuration has wider application for optical trapping at non-trivial NAs.Comment: 9 page

More on the cooling history of angrite LEW 86010

Antarctic angrite LEW 86010 has many chemical and mineralogical characteristics which suggest it is closely related to Angra dos Reis (ADOR). However, these meteorites have had very different thermal histories. Olivines and pyroxenes in ADOR are nearly homogeneous, suggesting very slow cooling or extensive subsolidus equilibration. In contrast, LEW 86010 pyroxenes are extensively zoned in both major and trace elements, while olivines are nearly homogeneous, suggesting that cooling of this sample was slow enough to homogenize olivines, but too fast to homogenize pyroxenes. In an earlier study, we used Ca diffusion gradients associated with exsolution lamellae of kirsh-steinite in LEW 86010 olivines to estimate the cooling rate of this sample. We obtained cooling rates of a few x.01 deg C/yr, corresponding to a burial depth of approximately 10(exp 2) m under solid rock (thermal diffusivity = 0.004 sq cm/s), or approximately m under regolith material (10(exp -5) sq cm/s). Unfortunately, this calculation was very sensitive to the assumed temperature of initial exsolution, which we approximated from the estimated initial olivine bulk Ca content, and also to the extrapolated values for the Ca diffusion coefficient (D sub Ca). This abstract reports new cooling rate estimates obtained using a refined approach that includes the initial temperature of exsolution as one of the fitted parameters. The purpose of our new calculations is (1) to reduce uncertainties in cooling rate due to uncertainties in bulk olivine Ca content and initial exsolution temperature, (2) to investigate the effects of using different values for D sub Ca, and (3) to determine how well constrained the cooling rate is for any particular Ca diffusion coefficient

Multilayer adsorption and desorption: Cs and Li on Ru(0001)

We use a multilayer lattice gas model for adsorption and desorption to analyze and simulate desorption data for Li and Cs on Ru(0001) extracting surface binding energies and lateral interactions. The latter are repulsive for the first layer and attractive for subsequent ones