142 research outputs found
Neural correlates of executive function and working memory in the âat risk mental stateâ
Grey matter abnormalties in first episode schizophrenia and affective psychosis
Background: Grey matter and other structural brain abnormalities are consistently reported in first-onset schizophrenia, but less is known about the extent of neuroanatomical changes in first-onset affective psychosis.
Aims: To determine which brain abnormalities are specific to (a) schizophrenia and (b) affective psychosis.
Method: We obtained dual-echo (proton density/T2-weighted) MR images and carried out voxel-based analysis on the images of 73 first-episode psychosis patients (schizophrenia=44, affective psychosis=29) and 58 healthy controls.
Results: Both patients with schizophrenia and patients with affective psychosis had enlarged lateral and third ventricle volumes. Regional cortical grey matter reductions (including bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus, left insula and left fusiform gyrus) were evident in affective psychosis but not in schizophrenia, although patients with schizophrenia displayed decreased hippocampal grey matter and increased striatal grey matter at a more liberal statistical threshold.
Conclusions: Both schizophrenia and affective psychosis are associated with volumetric abnormalities at the onset of frank psychosis, with some of these evident in common brain areas
The development of the steel industry in America
Thesis (B.S.)--University of Illinois, 1907.Typescript.Bibliography: p. 1-47
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies anti fragment Fc of bovine IgG
School-Based Programs to Reduce Bullying and Victimization
School bullying has serious short-term and long-term effects on childrenâs physical
and mental health. Various anti-bullying programs have been implemented world
wide and, more rarely, evaluated. Previous narrative reviews, summarizing the work
done on bullying prevention, as well as previous meta-analyses of anti-bullying
programs, are limited. The definition of school bullying includes several key
elements: physical, verbal, or psychological attack or intimidation that is intended
to cause fear, distress, or harm to the victim; an imbalance of power (psychological
or physical), with a more powerful child (or children) oppressing less powerful ones;
and repeated incidents between the same children over a prolonged period. School
bullying can occur in school or on the way to or from school. It is not bullying when
two persons of the same strength (physical, psychological, or verbal) victimize each
other. This report presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of
programs designed to reduce school bullying perpetration and victimization (i.e.
being bullied). The authors indicate the pitfalls of previous reviews and explain in
detail how the present systematic review and meta-analysis addresses the gaps in
the existing literature on bullying prevention
Search for gravitational-wave transients associated with magnetar bursts in advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo data from the third observing run
Gravitational waves are expected to be produced from neutron star oscillations associated with magnetar giant f lares and short bursts. We present the results of a search for short-duration (milliseconds to seconds) and longduration (âŒ100 s) transient gravitational waves from 13 magnetar short bursts observed during Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRAâs third observation run. These 13 bursts come from two magnetars, SGR1935 +2154 and SwiftJ1818.0â1607. We also include three other electromagnetic burst events detected by FermiGBM which were identified as likely coming from one or more magnetars, but they have no association with a known magnetar. No magnetar giant flares were detected during the analysis period. We find no evidence of gravitational waves associated with any of these 16 bursts. We place upper limits on the rms of the integrated incident gravitational-wave strain that reach 3.6 Ă 10âÂČÂł Hz at 100 Hz for the short-duration search and 1.1 Ă10âÂČÂČ Hz at 450 Hz for the long-duration search. For a ringdown signal at 1590 Hz targeted by the short-duration search the limit is set to 2.3 Ă 10âÂČÂČ Hz. Using the estimated distance to each magnetar, we derive upper limits upper limits on the emitted gravitational-wave energy of 1.5 Ă 1044 erg (1.0 Ă 1044 erg) for SGR 1935+2154 and 9.4 Ă 10^43 erg (1.3 Ă 1044 erg) for Swift J1818.0â1607, for the short-duration (long-duration) search. Assuming isotropic emission of electromagnetic radiation of the burst ïŹuences, we constrain the ratio of gravitational-wave energy to electromagnetic energy for bursts from SGR 1935+2154 with the available ïŹuence information. The lowest of these ratios is 4.5 Ă 103
Constraints on the cosmic expansion history from GWTCâ3
We use 47 gravitational wave sources from the Third LIGOâVirgoâKamioka Gravitational Wave Detector Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog (GWTCâ3) to estimate the Hubble parameter H(z), including its current value, the Hubble constant H0. Each gravitational wave (GW) signal provides the luminosity distance to the source, and we estimate the corresponding redshift using two methods: the redshifted masses and a galaxy catalog. Using the binary black hole (BBH) redshifted masses, we simultaneously infer the source mass distribution and H(z). The source mass distribution displays a peak around 34 Mâ, followed by a drop-off. Assuming this mass scale does not evolve with the redshift results in a H(z) measurement, yielding (68% credible interval) when combined with the H0 measurement from GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart. This represents an improvement of 17% with respect to the H0 estimate from GWTCâ1. The second method associates each GW event with its probable host galaxy in the catalog GLADE+, statistically marginalizing over the redshifts of each event's potential hosts. Assuming a fixed BBH population, we estimate a value of with the galaxy catalog method, an improvement of 42% with respect to our GWTCâ1 result and 20% with respect to recent H0 studies using GWTCâ2 events. However, we show that this result is strongly impacted by assumptions about the BBH source mass distribution; the only event which is not strongly impacted by such assumptions (and is thus informative about H0) is the well-localized event GW190814
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