Children Learn What They Live: Addressing Early Childhood Trauma Resulting in Toxic Stress in Schools

Though there is extensive research on the health outcomes of individuals who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), society at large has not embraced this ground-breaking research and many still believe that the use of harsh punishment for students provides the same intended result as a discipline approach that teaches coping skills and the management of emotions. These traumatic experiences can result in toxic stress and create long term effects on children’s social-emotional and cognitive development that impair academic performance. This commentary will discuss trauma-informed educational practices have been developed to aid in recovery in the school environment

Kansas Fire & Rescue Training Institute Training Methodology: Best Practices for Fire Service Instructors

Kansas Fire & Rescue Training Institute Training Methodology: Best Practices for Fire Service Instructors was developed on February 01, 2021 by Kelly McCoy and Erin McGruder of Kansas Fire & Rescue Training Institute (KFRTI), leveraging the input of KFRTI Program Managers and Program Coordinators. This document will be used for “on-boarding” new and existing contract instructors within KFRTI. The intent of this document is to increase training effectiveness and instructor consistency in delivering fire services training to the State of Kansas’ 14,650 firefighters.Until October 2020, Kansas Fire & Rescue Training Institute (KFRTI) had over 300 contract fire instructors registered within the learning management system. This is a large number of instructors to manage and there is no information available for how effective instructors have been in the field. Using a rubric created by KFRTI, the number of contract instructors has been narrowed to 78. In addition to requiring National Fire Protection Association Instructor I certification, Kansas Fire & Rescue Training Institute designed a foundational training methodology document to be used in “on-boarding” new and existing contract instructors to increase instructor effectiveness and consistency in instructional approach. This methodology, based on best practices in adult learning and firefighting instruction, will help improve fire service instruction across the State of Kansas

The ionosphere as a gamma ray burst detector

Unlike all man made detectors, which are only sensitive to relative narrow regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, the ionosphere is practically a perfect detector for high energy radiation because it absorbs all radiation from the far-ultraviolet to the higher energy gamma-rays. Therefore, it may be possible to employ the terrestrial atmosphere as a detector of high energy celestial photons. As early as the 1940's solar flares were detected by the disturbance they caused to the ionosphere. The VLF (3 - 30 kHz) approach for detecting ionospheric disturbances is based on the following physical circumstance: celestial high energy radiation ionizes the atoms of the earth's ionosphere leading to the production of free electrons. These free electrons influence the propagation of electromagnetic waves. By studying the phase and amplitude changes of VLF radio wave propagating in the earth-ionosphere waveguide, it was hoped to ascertain the electron density in these regions and draw conclusions about the celestial radiation which caused them. To detect gamma-ray bursts, two conditions for the optimal detection are: (1) large zenith angle; and (2) alignment of burst and propagation path

Health Knowledge of Nigerian College Students

The increase in preventable diseases in many parts of Africa is becoming quite a concern for the African community as well as for epidemiologists all over the world. There is a general consensus among African epidemiologists that a lack of health education and traditional cultures contribute to this trend. The purpose of this thesis is to report the results of a survey of health knowledge among college students in the southern region of Nigeria, specifically, in Enugu and it\u27s surrounding environ. First year students at the two universities in this region completed the health knowledge inventory (HKI). These students were enrolled in classes in general education-- which covers topics ranging from history, geography, and government, to personal hygiene. The HKI was utilized in measuring the health knowledge of these students. The result of the survey indicates a need for improvement in the health knowledge of Nigeria students. The Nigerian students scored lower than a large sample of American college students on human sexuality, chronic disease, communicable disease and mental health subscales. On the rest of the subscales the students\u27 scores were above average. The results from this survey may be relevant in the development of health care programs for the area