Modelling the cooking process of a single cereal grain

Four models are developed to assist with the uniform and accurate cooking of whole grains for Uncle Tobys breakfast cereals. 1. Heat satisfies a linear conduction equation and is found to rapidly penetrate the grain. 2. Moisture satisfies a non-linear diffusion equation, and is found to penetrate the grain more slowly than heat. The more sophisticated moisture diffusion model is solved by numerical and analytic techniques for spherical and ellipsoidal grains. A vital role is played in the moisture diffusion model by the concept of the mean action time for wetting a grain. These first two models are used to determine sensitivity to key cooking parameters, and to calculate the degree of over-cook in the existing batch steam process. Recommendations are made for improving and speeding up the cooking process. The last two models are modifications of the nonlinear moisture penetration model 2. above. The results of these improved models have the potential to provide finer adjustments to estimates of wetting times. 3. A cereal grain swells significantly during wetting. A model that takes this into account is developed and solved approximately. 4. Another wetting model describes the effect of the gelatinisation reaction, slowing moisture penetration, and leading to a sharp front entering the grain. The effect of gelatinisation on the speed of moisture penetration is expected to be more important for the present high-temperature cooking process, than when soaking a grain at a lower temperature. This model is also developed and solved approximately

Experimental evaluation of small-scale erectable truss hardware

To aid in the prediction of the dynamic behavior of the space station, a one-tenth scale dynamic test model is to be constructed of commercially available, small scale truss hardware. Tests have been performed to determine the axial stiffness characteristics and failure loads of the truss joint. A parametric study has shown that the stiffness of the joint increases as the attachment bolt torque value is increased. Furthermore, at torque values equal to or higher than 250 in-lbs, hysteresis in the load-deflection curve is essentially eliminated. Also, the joint stiffness remained relatively constant between specimens. The effective stiffness of a joint subassembly tested is 76 percent that of the strut. Tensile and compressive failure occurred in the region of the bonded plug, with lower failure loads corresponding to compressive loadings

The Integration Amendment: Was It Ever Legally Adopted?

Lengthy article by judge M. M. McGowan, claiming that the 14th amendment was never legally passed, and condemning contemporary segregation efforts as hostile to states\u27 rights; Source: Jackson Daily Newshttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/jws_clip/1165/thumbnail.jp

Interposition or Nullification

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/citizens_pamph/1042/thumbnail.jp

Refusing to Endorse. A must Explanation for Pejoratives.

In her analysis of pejoratives, Eva Picardi rejects a too sharp separation between descriptive and expressive content. I reconstruct some of her arguments, endorsing Eva’s criticism of Williamson’s analysis of Dummett and developing a suggestion by Manuel Garcia Carpintero on a speech act analysis of pejoratives. Eva’s main concern is accounting for our instinctive refusal to endorse an assertion containing pejoratives because it suggests a picture of reality we do not share. Her stance might be further developed claiming that uses of pejoratives not only suggest, but also promote a wrong picture of reality. Our refusal to endorse implies rejecting not only a wrong picture of reality but also a call for participation to what that picture promotes

β-diketonate versus β-ketoiminate:the importance of a ferrocenyl moiety on improving the anticancer potency

Herein we present a library of fully characterized beta-diketonate and beta-ketoiminate compounds that are functionalized with a ferrocenyl moiety. Their cytotoxic potential has been determined by screening against human breast adenocarcinomas (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), human colorectal carcinoma p53 wild type (HCT116 p53(+/+)) and normal human prostate (PNT2) cell lines. The ferrocenyl beta-diketonate compounds are more than 18 times more cytotoxic than the ferrocenyl beta-ketoiminate analogues. Against MCF-7, compounds functionalized at the meta position are up to nine times more cytotoxic than when functionalized at the para position. The ferrocenyl beta-diketonate compounds have increased selectivity towards MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, with several complexes having selectivity index (SI) values that are more than nine times (MCF-7) and more than six times (MDA-MB-231) that of carboplatin. The stability of these compounds in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMF) has been assessed by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry studies, and the compounds show no oxidation of the iron center from Fe-II to Fe-III. Cytotoxicity screening was performed in both DMSO and DMF, with no significant differences observedin their potency

What distinguishes Ovid’s Pythagoras from the Pythagoras of Ausonius and Martianus Capella?

This paper examines the reception of Ovid’s representation of the figure of Pythagoras in the works of Ausonius and Martianus Capella. These two authors are typical of and, to a large degree, determinative for the representation of Pythagoras as a mathematician, musician and ethical sage common in late-antique and medieval literature and art. Thus, in the present study they serve as fitting test-cases to evaluate the degree to which the subsequent tradition was influenced by Ovid’s version of Pythagoras, in particular as political exile, teacher of Numa, and moral reformer whose great intellect made him godlike.L’article étudie la réception de la représentation de Pythagore par Ovide dans les travaux d’Ausonius et de Martianus Capella. Ces deux auteurs ont joué un rôle significatif et, dans une large mesure, déterminant dans la représentation de Pythagore comme mathématicien, musicien et sage, répandue dans la littérature et l’art de l’Antiquité tardive et du Moyen Âge. On les utilise donc ici comme terrain d’enquête pour évaluer dans quelle mesure la tradition postérieure a été influencée par la vision ovidienne de Pythagore, en particulier dans sa dimension d’exilé politique, de maître de Numa et de réformateur moral qui, en vertu de sa grande intelligence, fut divinisé

Evaluating sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances and symptoms of impulsivity and inattention: Implications for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Reports of sleep disturbances and delayed sleep timing in attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) are common however the aetiology of such features is poorly understood. There is substantial evidence pointing to dysfunction of the circadian timing system in ADHD, and individual differences in human chronotype and diurnal preference have been linked with impulsivity and attention problems in adults. In the work presented here we examined associations between a later circadian phase of entrainment, impaired sleep quality, and circadian misalignment and how they relate to core symptoms of ADHD distributed among the general population. We report novel evidence which suggests that ‘social jetlag’ – an index of circadian misalignment arising from discordance between endogenous circadian timing and the timing of the social clock – is a consistent predictor of poorer ADHD-like symptom outcomes. Furthermore, objective assessment of the rest-activity rhythm and sleep intervals of subjects show that a failure to precisely entrain to the 24 h circadian period is associated with ADHD-like symptom severity which was in turn predicted by delayed circadian phase/sleep phase, sleep quality, and duration. Candidate gene approaches did not replicate previous findings linking symptoms of impulsivity, inattention, and later chronotype with elements of the core molecular clock. However, we did find differential susceptibility to the previously identified risk factors; poor sleep quality and social jetlag which were both modified by genotype. Preliminary data from an exploratory study examining the neurophysiological correlates of response inhibition and selective attention revealed interesting patters of ERP elicitation in individuals with high levels of social jetlag. The current findings highlight how examination of sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances associated with ADHD may inform our understanding of the disorder risk and might in the future be factored into interventions designed for better symptom management