Summer Linguistics Camp: Meeting the Needs of High School Students and Encouraging Linguistics as a Scientific Field of Study

SLIYS, Summer Linguistics Institute for Youth Scholars, offers courses in linguistics to high school students from around the world. The Department of Linguistics partners with these students and native speaker language consultants from Ohio State's international student community to introduce the scientific study of language and to inspire the next generation of language scholars. SLIYS addresses the needs of three distinct constituencies: students and high schools, Ohio State, and the field of linguistics. Students with a special interest in language typically have several needs that high schools are not well-positioned to meet: Instructors with deep understanding of language and linguistics; opportunities to interact with speakers of other languages; and a chance to be part of a community of similarly interested peers. Additionally, like all high school students, SLIYS students need an introduction to university life and academics. FInally, their high schools need support providing challenging enrichments. SLIYS partners with high school students and Ohio State's Linguistics Department to meet those needs. Students study linguistics, participate in social activities, and reside in an Ohio State dormitory. The content appeals to students who have interests in learning foreign languages, how languages are put together, how computers use language, and how linguists study diverse languages. SLIYS also introduces scientific principles used to investigate languages. Beyond academics, the program immerses students into university life in a controlled environment. To encourage participation, scholarships are offered to students with financial need. Perhaps most importantly, students meet others with similar interests. Student feedback shows that students feel less isolated knowing there are others who are hooked on making up languages and learning multiple languages. The program meets Ohio State's need to recruit talented students. SLIYS students have come from Korea, China and the UK, as well as all parts of the United States. Many return to Ohio State as undergrads. In addition, SLIYS employs multiple graduate students who serve as instructors, resident assistants, and foreign language consultants. The program also serves the purpose of exposing linguistics as a science to the community. Last year, 100 students participated in SLIYS, including many who will major in linguistics or related disciplines at Ohio State and other universities. In one recent example, the University of Texas published an article about former SLIYS student Sunny Ananthanarayan conducting fieldwork on an endangered language in the Amazon. His first fieldwork was in SLIYS. This poster session includes a description of the SLIYS camp, provides feedback from former students, shares recruiting efforts, and discusses ways in which others can develop programs to reach students with particular interests in their field.AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Julia McGory, program specialist, Ohio State Department of Linguistics, [email protected] (Corresponding Author); Jefferson Barlew, lecturer, Ohio State Department of LinguisticsThe Summer Linguistics Institute for Youth Scholars offers intensive one-week courses in linguistics to high school students from the United States and around the world. The Department of Linguistics partners with these students and foreign language consultants to introduce the scientific study of language. The Institute meets the needs of students with a special interest in language that high schools are not ordinarily well-positioned to meet, by providing instructors with deep understanding of language and linguistics, opportunities to interact with speakers of other languages, and a chance to be part of a community of similarly interested peers. The program also provides students with an introduction to university life. The Institute meets Ohio State's needs by providing summer funding to multiple graduate students, recruiting undergraduate students, and exposing linguistics to the community. Participants come have come from Korea, China, the United Kingdom, as well as all parts of the United States; and many return as Ohio State students

Declarative intonation patterns in multiple varieties of Spanish

Recent efforts have sought oo capture the intonational structure of declaratives in Latin American and Peninsular varieties of Spanish using an autosegmental-metrical (AM) model of intonation (Ladd 1996), like that proposed for English by Pierrehumhcrl ( 1980). These include a description by Sosa (1999) of multiple Latin and Peninsular varieties, and also more specific descriptions of Castilian Spanish by Face (in press), of Mexican Spanish by Prieto and colleagues (Prieto, van Santen & Hirschberg 1995, Prieto, Shih, & Nibert 1996, Prieto 1998), and of northern Peninsular and Venezuelan Spanish by participants at the first Spanish ToBI workshop (Mendoza-Denton, McGory, & Diaz-Campos 1999; Hualde 2000)

La Entonación en El Español De América: Un Estudio Acerca De Ocho Dialectos Hispanoamericanos

El presente trabajo investiga acerca de los patrones entonativos en 8 dialectos del español de América y de España. El análisis basado en la teoría autosegmental describe la frecuencia fundamental F0 en términos de susmovimientos e identifica combinaciones de tonos bajos (L) y altos (H) que sealinean con las sílabas tónicas de las palabras de contenido. Tales movimientosconstituyen categorías fonológicas. De igual forma, se identifica el inventario delos tonos de juntura los cuales se ubican al final de la frase entonacional. Losresultados de este trabajo indican que los 8 dialectos estudiados, con la excepción de la variedad española, comparten el patrón entonativo L*+H L+H* L% en elcual L*+H es un tono prenuclear y L+H* es un tono nuclear. En relación con lostonos de juntura, los resultados revelan que L% puede tener dos valores: indica el final de una idea completa o unidad discursiva mayor, pero también puede indicarcontinuidad

Age stratified, perioperative, and one-year mortality after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A statewide experience

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the in-hospital, 30-day, and 365-day mortality for the open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), when stratified by age, in the general population. Age stratification could provide clinicians with information more applicable to an individual patient than overall mortality figures.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis, data were obtained from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) for the years 1995 to 1999. Out-of-hospital mortality was determined via linkage to the state death registry. All patients undergoing AAA repair as coded by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) procedure code 38.44 and diagnosis codes 441.4 (intact) and 441.3/441.5 (ruptured) in California were identified. Patients <50 years of age were excluded. We determined in-hospital, 30-day, and 365-day mortality, and stratified our findings by patient age. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of mortality in the intact and ruptured AAA cohorts.ResultsWe identified 12,406 patients (9,778 intact, 2,628 ruptured). Mean patient age was 72.4 ± 7.2 years (intact) and 73.9 ± 8.2 (ruptured). Men comprised 80.9% of patients, and 90.8% of patients were white. Overall, intact AAA patient mortality was 3.8% in-hospital, 4% at 30 days, and 8.5% at 365 days. There was a steep increase in mortality with increasing age, such that 365-day mortality increased from 2.9% for patients 51 to 60 years old to 15% for patients 81 to 90 years old. Mortality from day 31 to 365 was greater than both in-hospital and 30-day mortality for all but the youngest intact AAA patients. Perioperative (in-hospital and 30-day) mortality for ruptured cases was 45%, and mortality at 1 year was 54%.ConclusionsThere is continued mortality after the open repair of AAAs during postoperative days 31 to 365 that, for many patients, is greater than the perioperative death rate. This mortality increases dramatically with age for both intact and ruptured AAA repair

Bone marrow transplantation in AML, and socioeconomic class: a UK population-based cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We have previously shown that in the UK mortality in people with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) was nearly 50% greater among the most socio-economically deprived. The aim of this study was to determine whether AML patients from lower socioeconomic classes had a lower chance of receiving a bone marrow transplant.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data, we identified all incident cases of AML admitted to UK hospitals between 1998 and 2007. We calculated the number of bone marrow transplantations undertaken in AML patients, stratifying our results by gender, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, degree of socioeconomic deprivation and co-morbidity. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios for bone marrow transplantation, adjusting for gender, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, degree of socioeconomic deprivation and co-morbidity score.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified a total of 23 910 incident cases of AML over this 10-year time period, of whom 1 140 (4.8%) underwent BMT. Bone marrow transplantation declined with increasing socioeconomic deprivation (p for trend < 0.001) such that people in the most deprived socioeconomic quintile were 40% less likely to have a transplant than those in the most advantaged group (Odds Ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.49, 0.73), even after adjusting for gender, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis and co-morbidity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This large cohort study demonstrates that AML patients from lower socioeconomic classes are less likely to undergo bone marrow transplantation than their better off counter-parts.</p

Primary appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma in two first-degree relatives: case report and review

Carcinomas of the appendix are exceedingly rare tumors and have an annual age-adjusted incidence of around 0.4 cases per 100,000. Appendiceal adenocarcinoma accounts for < 0.5% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms and, of these, mucinous adenocarcinomas account for the majority. Published accounts of familial instances of primary appendiceal tumors are strikingly rare. We report two siblings who both developed primary mucinous adenocarcinomas. A genetics evaluation was conducted to determine if there was a recognizable underlying single gene disorder; no DNA mismatch repair defect was evident, and no other diagnosis was apparent. A review of appendiceal cancers seen at Mayo Clinic from l997 to the present was conducted to search for additional familial cases. Among 316 cases of primary appendiceal cancer of any histologic type, this sib pair was the only family reporting a second affected family member. The occurrence of appendiceal cancer in siblings may represent a random occurrence. An exceedingly rare predisposition syndrome cannot be ruled out

Low risk of hepatitis B virus recurrence after withdrawal of long-term hepatitis B immunoglobulin in patients receiving maintenance nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence rates of 0-16% had been reported in patients maintained on nucleoside analogues (NA) after hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) discontinuation after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). However, follow-up in most studies was short. We aimed to determine the long-term risk of HBV recurrence using this strategy. All HBV patients who received ≥7 doses of intravenous HBIG after OLT, with no HBV recurrence while receiving HBIG, and who eventually discontinued HBIG and were maintained on NA, were included. HBV recurrence was defined as HBsAg-positive or HBV DNA ≥5 log copies/mL on 2 consecutive occasions. Twenty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. Immediate post-OLT prophylaxis was combination HBIG and NA in 15 patients, whereas 6 patients received HBIG monotherapy for 62-109 months before NA was added. HBIG was discontinued a median of 26 (range, 0.2-121) months after OLT. Median follow-up post-HBIG discontinuation was 40 (range, 5-51) months. Only 1 patient, who had 12 months of HBIG and was noncompliant to NA therapy, had HBV recurrence, 34 months after HBIG discontinuation. One patient had HBV DNA of 3.3 log copies/mL 47 and 48 months after HBIG discontinuation but remained HBsAg-negative. Lamivudine-resistant mutations were detected in both patients. Probability of HBV recurrence was 0% and 9% at 2 and 4 years after HBIG discontinuation. Three patients had 1-2 episodes of transiently detectable HBV DNA. All were HBV DNA and HBsAg negative on repeated tests over a period of 2-36 months. Maintenance therapy with NA after discontinuation of long-term HBIG therapy is associated with a low risk of HBV recurrence after OLT in compliant HBV patients. Liver Transpl 13:374–381, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55976/1/21041_ftp.pd

Incidence of synchronous appendiceal neoplasm in patients with colorectal cancer and its clinical significance

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of synchronous appendiceal neoplasm in patients with colorectal cancer, and to determine its clinical significance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Pathological reports and medical records were reviewed of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma who underwent oncological resection of the tumor together with appendectomy at the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand between September 2000 and April 2008.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This study included 293 patients with an average age of 62 years (range 19–95) and 51 percent were male. Of the patients studied, 228 (78 percent) had right hemicolectomy, whereas the others (22 percent) had surgery for left-sided colon cancer or rectal cancer. One patient (0.3 percent) had epithelial appendiceal neoplasm (mucinous cystadenoma) and 3 patients (1.0 percent) had metastatic colorectal cancer in the mesoappendix. However, the presence of synchronous appendiceal tumors and/or metastasis did not alter postoperative management, as these patients had received adjuvant therapy and were scheduled for surveillance program because of nodal involvement.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The incidence of synchronous primary appendiceal neoplasm and secondary (metastatic) appendiceal neoplasm in colorectal cancer patients was 0.3 and 1.0 percent, respectively. However, these findings did not change the postoperative clinical management.</p