I-LEEP Newsletter Volume 1, Issue 3

https://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/ileep_newsletter/1002/thumbnail.jp

Genome-wide SNP identification, linkage map construction and QTL mapping for seed mineral concentrations and contents in pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Linkage map. This file contains the details of the linkage map. (XLSX 38 kb

I-LEEP Newsletter Volume 1, Issue 2

https://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/ileep_newsletter/1001/thumbnail.jp

The effects of a tea tree oil-containing gel on plaque and chronic gingivitis

The document attached has been archived with permission from the Australian Dental Association. An external link to the publisher’s copy is included.Background: This clinical study assessed the effects of topically applied tea tree oil (TTO)-containing gel on dental plaque and chronic gingivitis. Methods: This was a double-blind, longitudinal, non-crossover study in 49 medically fit non-smokers (24 males and 25 females) aged 18–60 years with severe chronic gingivitis. Subjects were randomly assigned to three groups and given either TTO-gel (2.5 per cent), chlorhexidine (CHX) gel (0.2 per cent), or a placebo gel to apply with a toothbrush twice daily. Treatment effects were assessed using the Gingival Index (GI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI) and plaque staining score (PSS) at four and eight weeks. Results: No adverse reactions to any of the gels were reported. The data were separated into subsets by tooth (anterior and posterior) and tooth surface (buccal and lingual). The TTO group had significant reduction in PBI and GI scores. However, TTO did not reduce plaque scores, which tended to increase over the latter weeks of the study period. Conclusion: Although further studies are required, the anti-inflammatory properties of TTO-containing gel applied topically to inflamed gingival tissues may prove to be a useful non-toxic adjunct to chemotherapeutic periodontal therapy.S Soukoulis and R Hirsc

I-LEEP Newsletter Volume 1, Issue 1

https://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/ileep_newsletter/1000/thumbnail.jp

I-LEEP Newsletter Volume 2, Issue 2

https://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/ileep_newsletter/1005/thumbnail.jp

Violence-related ambulance call-outs in the North West of England: a cross-sectional analysis of nature, extent and relationships to temporal, celebratory and sporting events

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the potential of ambulance call-out data in understanding violence to inform about prevention activity. METHOD: This cross-sectional (2013–2015) study examined the nature, extent and characteristics of violence-related ambulance call-outs (n=15 687) across North West England and relationships with temporal, celebratory and sporting events. RESULTS: The majority of call-outs were for men, with a mean age of 33 years. Most call-outs were to deprived (64.4%) and urban (65.4%) areas and occurred at night (18:00–5:59; 75.2%). Three-quarters (77.3%) were recorded as assault/sexual assault and 22.7% stab/gunshot/penetrating trauma. Significant differences in call-out characteristics were identified between the two violence types. Generalised linear modelling found that call-outs significantly increased on weekends, New Year’s Eve and weekday bank holiday eves (except for stab/gunshot/penetrating trauma). No significant associations between all violence call-outs, the two violence categories and sporting or celebration events were identified. Two-thirds (66.1%) of the call-outs were transferred to another health service for further assessment and/or treatment. The odds of being transferred were significantly higher among men (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.5, 95%CI 1.4 to 1.6), those aged 13–24 years (AOR 1.2, 95%CI 1.0 to 1.4), call-outs for stab/gunshot/penetrating trauma (AOR 1.4, 95%CI 1.3 to 1.5) and call-outs on Fridays/Saturdays (AOR 1.1, 95%CI 1.0 to 1.2) and lower for call-outs on New Year’s Eve (AOR 0.6, 95%CI 0.4 to 0.9). CONCLUSION: Ambulance call-out data can provide a wealth of information to understand violence and subsequently inform about violence prevention and response activity. Ambulance services and staff could play a key role in preventing violence through sharing data and identifying and supporting victims

I-LEEP Newsletter Volume 2, Issue 3

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Should physical activity recommendations be ethnicity-specific? Evidence from a cross-sectional study of south Asian and European men

Background Expert bodies and health organisations recommend that adults undertake at least 150 min.week−1 of moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA). However, the underpinning data largely emanate from studies of populations of European descent. It is unclear whether this level of activity is appropriate for other ethnic groups, particularly South Asians, who have increased cardio-metabolic disease risk compared to Europeans. The aim of this study was to explore the level of MPA required in South Asians to confer a similar cardio-metabolic risk profile to that observed in Europeans undertaking the currently recommended MPA level of 150 min.week−1.<p></p> Methods Seventy-five South Asian and 83 European men, aged 40–70, without cardiovascular disease or diabetes had fasted blood taken, blood pressure measured, physical activity assessed objectively (using accelerometry), and anthropometric measures made. Factor analysis was used to summarise measured risk biomarkers into underlying latent ‘factors’ for glycaemia, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and overall cardio-metabolic risk. Age-adjusted regression models were used to determine the equivalent level of MPA (in bouts of ≥10 minutes) in South Asians needed to elicit the same value in each factor as Europeans undertaking 150 min.week−1 MPA.<p></p> Findings For all factors, except blood pressure, equivalent MPA values in South Asians were significantly higher than 150 min.week−1; the equivalent MPA value for the overall cardio-metabolic risk factor was 266 (95% CI 185-347) min.week−1.<p></p> Conclusions South Asian men may need to undertake greater levels of MPA than Europeans to exhibit a similar cardio-metabolic risk profile, suggesting that a conceptual case can be made for ethnicity-specific physical activity guidance. Further study is needed to extend these findings to women and to replicate them prospectively in a larger cohort.<p></p&gt

Advanced Imaging for Quantitative Evaluation of Aphanomyces Root Rot Resistance in Lentil

Aphanomyces root rot (ARR) is a soil-borne disease that results in severe yield losses in lentil. The development of resistant cultivars is one of the key strategies to control this pathogen. However, the evaluation of disease severity is limited to visual scores that can be subjective. This study utilized image-based phenotyping approaches to evaluate Aphanomyces euteiches resistance in lentil genotypes in greenhouse (351 genotypes from lentil single plant/LSP derived collection and 191 genotypes from recombinant inbred lines/RIL using digital Red-Green-Blue/RGB and hyperspectral imaging) and field (173 RIL genotypes using unmanned aerial system-based multispectral imaging) conditions. Moderate to strong correlations were observed between RGB, multispectral, and hyperspectral derived features extracted from lentil shoots/roots and visual scores. In general, root features extracted from RGB imaging were found to be strongly associated with disease severity. With only three root traits, elastic net regression model was able to predict disease severity across and within multiple datasets (R2 = 0.45–0.73 and RMSE = 0.66–1.00). The selected features could represent visual disease scores. Moreover, we developed twelve normalized difference spectral indices (NDSIs) that were significantly correlated with disease scores: two NDSIs for lentil shoot section – computed from wavelengths of 1170, 1160, 1270, and 1280 nm (0.12 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.24, P < 0.05) and ten NDSIs for lentil root sections – computed from wavelengths in the range of 630–670, 700–840, and 1320–1530 nm (0.10 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.50, P < 0.05). Root-derived NDSIs were more accurate in predicting disease scores with an R2 of 0.54 (RMSE = 0.86), especially when the model was trained and tested on LSP accessions, compared to R2 of 0.25 (RMSE = 1.64) when LSP and RIL genotypes were used as train and test datasets, respectively. Importantly, NDSIs – computed from wavelengths of 700, 710, 730, and 790 nm – had strong positive correlations with disease scores (0.35 ≤r ≤ 0.50, P < 0.0001), which was confirmed in field phenotyping with similar correlations using vegetation index with red edge wavelength (normalized difference red edge, 0.36 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.57, P < 0.0001). The adopted image-based phenotyping approaches can help plant breeders to objectively quantify ARR resistance and reduce the subjectivity in selecting potential genotypes