Safety and efficacy of antenatal milk expressing for women with diabetes in pregnancy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Many maternity providers recommend that women with diabetes in pregnancy express and store breast milk in late pregnancy so breast milk is available after birth, given (1) infants of these women are at increased risk of hypoglycaemia in the first 24 h of life; and (2) the delay in lactogenesis II compared with women without diabetes that increases their infant\u27s risk of receiving infant formula. The Diabetes and Antenatal Milk Expressing (DAME) trial will establish whether advising women with diabetes in pregnancy (pre-existing or gestational) to express breast milk from 36 weeks gestation increases the proportion of infants who require admission to special or neonatal intensive care units (SCN/NICU) compared with infants of women receiving standard care. Secondary outcomes include birth gestation, breastfeeding outcomes and economic impact

An exploration of young people's, parent/carers', and professionals' experiences of a voluntary sector organisation operating a Youth Information, Advice, and Counselling (YIAC) model in a disadvantaged area

BACKGROUND: The present evaluation explored young people’s, parents/carers, and healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the Youth Information, Advice and Counselling (YIAC) model operated by a voluntary sector organisation in North West England. With an aim to understand the key components that contribute to enhancing the success of the YIAC model. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with young people, parents/carers, and healthcare professionals were conducted. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Five main themes were identified from the data: 1) Accessibility and flexibility; 2) Non-clinical model and environment; 3) Staff; 4) Partnership working; and 5) Promotion of positive mental health and wellbeing. CONCLUSION: Findings highlight the importance of non-clinical, community-based, ‘one-stop-shop’ hubs for young people in disadvantaged areas. The key components highlighted as facilitating access and engagement include: opportunity to self-refer, choice of location, timely provision of support, non-clinical environment, age appropriate services, a non-hierarchical workforce, inclusive support for family and carers, a focus on wider, often social, issues, and collaboration with partner organisations. These findings suggest that early support hubs for young people’s mental health should have consistent, long-term funding and should exist in every local area. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07800-1

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Native man riding a horse looking off into the distance.https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/osterweil/2237/thumbnail.jp

Fate of Salmonella in Central Florida Surface Waters and Evaluation of EPA Worst Case Water as a Standard Medium

PubMed ID: 31081689Salmonella persistence in sterile surface water, nonsterile surface water, or deionized water over 336 days was explored. The suitability of EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Worst Case water as a standard medium was also evaluated. Salmonella was enumerated by spread plating or most probable number at set time points after inoculation into water (sterile and nonsterile surface, deionized, and EPAWorst Case waters) and held at 15, 21, or 288C. Total coliforms from nonsterile waters were enumerated by spread plating. Salmonella decreased most rapidly in nonsterile surface water. Addition of cycloheximide to nonsterile surface waters did not increase Salmonella survival compared with the same nonsterile surface water without cycloheximide except for the water held at 158C. Total coliform populations decreased to below the limit of detection at 112 days; Salmonella remained detectable throughout the entire 168-day experiment. Salmonella populations persist at least 336 days in all waters tested; coliforms remained detectable to 112 days. Rates of decline (time required for a 1-log reduction) in nonsterile waters were at least five times shorter than those of other water types. EPAWorst Case water is a suitable standard for surface water microcosms. This study adds to the limited knowledge regarding Salmonella survival in surface waters. It demonstrates the potential long-term survival of Salmonella in fresh water and the importance of biotic factors when designing microcosm-based experiments. © International Association for Food Protection. HIGHLIGHTS • Survival of Salmonella was studied in surface waters. • Salmonella stayed alive in nonsterile microcosms for 168 days. • Limited decline was seen in sterile surface, deionized, and EPA Worst Case water. • EPA Worst Case water offers potential as a standardized medium.Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service: 2008-51180-04846We thank the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Specialty Crops Research Initiative 2008-51180-04846) and the University of Florida Alumni Fellowships Fund for financial support of this project. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We thank Gwen Lundy, Luis Martinez, and Brian Buzzie for technical assistance

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Native man riding a horse looking off into the distance.https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/osterweil/2236/thumbnail.jp

Red Cloud

Native man riding a horse looking off into the distance.https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/osterweil/2236/thumbnail.jp

Soil Microclimate and Persistence of Foodborne Pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica Newport in Soil Affected by Mulch Type

Mulching is a common agricultural practice that benefits crop production through soil moisture retention, weed suppression, and soil temperature regulation. However, little is known about the effect of mulch on foodborne pathogens present in soil. In this study, the influence of polyethylene plastic, biodegradable corn-based plastic, paper, and straw mulches on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica Newport populations in soil was investigated. Silt loam soil in troughs was inoculated with a cocktail of the pathogens and covered with mulch or left bare, then incubated for 21 days, during which bacteria were enumerated and environmental parameters monitored. Bacterial counts declined in all treatments over time (p < 0.001) but persisted at 21 days at 0.8–0.95 log CFU/g. Pathogens also declined as a factor of mulch cover (p < 0.01). An exponential decay with asymptote model fit to the data revealed slower rates of decline in soil under mulches for all pathogens (p < 0.05) relative to bare soil. Compared to the average for all treatments, rates of decay in bare soil were 0.60 (p < 0.001), 0.45 (p < 0.05), and 0.63 (p < 0.001) log CFU/g/d for E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella, respectively. Linear multiple regression revealed that soil hydrological parameters were positively correlated (p < 0.05) with bacterial counts, while day soil temperatures were negatively correlated (p < 0.001), suggesting that higher day temperatures and lower moisture content of bare soil contributed to the faster decline of pathogens compared to mulched soil. A microcosm experiment using field soil from lettuce cultivation suggested no influence of prior mulch treatment on pathogens. In summary, pathogen decline in soil was modified by the soil microclimate created under mulch covers, but the effect appeared was restricted to the time of soil cover. Slower decline rates of pathogens in mulched soil may pose a risk for contamination of fresh market produce crops