PROXIMO-DISTAL INCREASE OF ENZYMIC ACTIVITY IN THE DORSAL SPINAL TRACTS *

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65919/1/j.1471-4159.1964.tb06151.x.pd

In vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging of macrophage intracellular metabolism during wound responses in zebrafish

The function of macrophages in vitro is linked to their metabolic rewiring. However, macrophage metabolism remains poorly characterized in situ. Here, we used two-photon intensity and lifetime imaging of autofluorescent metabolic coenzymes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), to assess the metabolism of macrophages in the wound microenvironment. Inhibiting glycolysis reduced NAD(P)H mean lifetime and made the intracellular redox state of macrophages more oxidized, as indicated by reduced optical redox ratio. We found that TNFα+ macrophages had lower NAD(P)H mean lifetime and were more oxidized compared to TNFα− macrophages. Both infection and thermal injury induced a macrophage population with a more oxidized redox state in wounded tissues. Kinetic analysis detected temporal changes in the optical redox ratio during tissue repair, revealing a shift toward a more reduced redox state over time. Metformin reduced TNFα+ wound macrophages, made intracellular redox state more reduced and improved tissue repair. By contrast, depletion of STAT6 increased TNFα+ wound macrophages, made redox state more oxidized and impaired regeneration. Our findings suggest that autofluorescence of NAD(P)H and FAD is sensitive to dynamic changes in intracellular metabolism in tissues and can be used to probe the temporal and spatial regulation of macrophage metabolism during tissue damage and repair

Comparison of 32-site exact diagonalization results and ARPES spectral functions for the AFM insulator Sr2CuO2Cl2Sr_2CuO_2Cl_2

We explore the success of various versions of the one-band t-J model in explaining the full spectral functions found in angle-resolved photoemission spectra for the prototypical, quasi two-dimensional, tetragonal, antiferromagnetic insulator $Sr_2CuO_2Cl_2$. After presenting arguments justifying our extraction of $A(k,\omega)$ from the experimental data, we rely on exact-diagonalization results from studies of a square 32-site lattice, the largest cluster for which such information is presently available, to perform this comparison. Our work leads us to believe that (i) a one-band model that includes hopping out to third-nearest neighbours, as well three-site, spin-dependent hopping, can indeed explain not only the dispersion relation, but also the quasiparticle lifetimes -- only in the neighbourhood of $k = (\pi/2,0)$ do we find disagreement; (ii) an energy-dependent broadening function, $\Gamma (E) = \Gamma_0 + A E$, is important in accounting for the incoherent contributions to the spectral functions.Comment: 8 pages, Revtex

Intermediate Vancomycin Susceptibility in a Community-associated MRSA Clone

We describe a case of treatment failure caused by a strain of USA300 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin and reduced susceptibility to daptomycin. The strain was isolated from the bone of a 56-year-old man with lumbar osteomyelitis after a 6-week treatment course of vancomycin for catheter-associated septic thrombophlebitis

Introducing EMMIE: An evidence rating scale to encourage mixed-method crime prevention synthesis reviews

Objectives This short report describes the need for, and the development of, a coding system to distil the quality and coverage of systematic reviews of the evidence relating to crime prevention interventions. The starting point for the coding system concerns the evidence needs of policymakers and practitioners. Methods The coding scheme (EMMIE) proposed builds on previous scales that have been developed to assess the probity, coverage and utility of evidence both in health and criminal justice. It also draws on the principles of realist synthesis and review. Results The proposed EMMIE scale identifies five dimensions to which systematic reviews intended to inform crime prevention should speak. These are the Effect of intervention, the identification of the causal Mechanism(s) through which interventions are intended to work, the factors that Moderate their impact, the articulation of practical Implementation issues, and the Economic costs of intervention

Assessment of BED HIV-1 Incidence Assay in Seroconverter Cohorts: Effect of Individuals with Long-Term Infection and Importance of Stable Incidence

BACKGROUND: Performance of the BED assay in estimating HIV-1 incidence has previously been evaluated by using longitudinal specimens from persons with incident HIV infections, but questions remain about its accuracy. We sought to assess its performance in three longitudinal cohorts from Thailand where HIV-1 CRF01_AE and subtype B' dominate the epidemic. DESIGN: BED testing was conducted in two longitudinal cohorts with only incident infections (a military conscript cohort and an injection drug user cohort) and in one longitudinal cohort (an HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial cohort) that also included long-term infections. METHODS: Incidence estimates were generated conventionally (based on the number of annual serocoversions) and by using BED test results in the three cohorts. Adjusted incidence was calculated where appropriate. RESULTS: For each longitudinal cohort the BED incidence estimates and the conventional incidence estimates were similar when only newly infected persons were tested, whether infected with CRF01_AE or subtype B'. When the analysis included persons with long-term infections (to mimic a true cross-sectional cohort), BED incidence estimates were higher, although not significantly, than the conventional incidence estimates. After adjustment, the BED incidence estimates were closer to the conventional incidence estimates. When the conventional incidence varied over time, as in the early phase of the injection drug user cohort, the difference between the two estimates increased, but not significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the performance of incidence assays requires the inclusion of a substantial number of cohort-derived specimens from individuals with long-term HIV infection and, ideally, the use of cohorts in which incidence remained stable. Appropriate adjustments of the BED incidence estimates generate estimates similar to those generated conventionally

A COMPARATIVE MAPPING OF ENZYMES INVOLVED IN HEXOSEMONOPHOSPHATE SHUNT AND CITRIC ACID CYCLE IN THE BRAIN *

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66082/1/j.1471-4159.1963.tb05042.x.pd

Transmission of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Through Solid Organ Transplantation: Confirmation Via Whole Genome Sequencing

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109324/1/ajt12898.pd

Methamphetamine Use and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infections

Drug use may be contributing to the spread of MRSA in a rural southeastern US community

Severe Community-acquired Pneumonia Due to Staphylococcus aureus, 2003–04 Influenza Season

S. aureus community-acquired pneumonia has been reported from 9 states