John W. McCormack to John D. Feerick

Letter from Speaker John W. McCormack to John D. Feerick, regarding his scholarly article on the Vice President and presidential succession and inability.https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/twentyfifth_amendment_correspondence/1037/thumbnail.jp

Single action separation mechanism Patent

Separation mechanism for use between stages of multistage rocket vehicle

America’s (D)evolving Childcare Tax Laws

Proponents touted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (theTCJA)—enacted in the twilight of 2017—by claiming itwould help American working families. But while theTCJA expanded some benefits available to parents withdependent children, these parental tax benefits may beclaimed regardless of whether or to what extentchildcare costs are incurred to work outside the home.To help working parents with these (often significant)costs, Congress might have turned to two othermechanisms in the tax law—the “child and dependentcare credit” and the “dependent care exclusion.” Whilethese childcare tax benefits are only available to workingparents that pay for childcare, stringent limitationshave kept many from recovering anything near theiractual costs, particularly in the critical years beforechildren reach school-age. As a result, the Code wastaxing families with different childcare needsinequitably. And because the TCJA left these childcaretax laws untouched, it did nothing to address thisproblem. By exploring critical junctures in theirdevelopment, this Article seeks to understand howAmerica’s tax laws have (d)evolved in this manner and,in doing so, situates some of the TCJA’s alleged reformsinto their historical context.America’s childcare tax laws have not always been solimiting. In the seventies and eighties, the Code evolvedsignificantly to allow working parents to claim relief for a relatively substantial portion of their childcare costs,resulting in more equitable taxation of family models.But in the decades following this evolution, Congressgenerally failed to adjust childcare tax benefits—evenfor inflation—allowing them to devolve in real value aschildcare costs rose. Meanwhile, Congress created newand expanded existing tax benefits available to allparents even if they did not need childcare. Thus, overthe past several decades, Congress not only restored butalso perpetuated the inequitable taxation of differentfamily models that had been remedied by earlierreforms. The changes made by the TCJA are, therefore,just the latest iteration of a decades-old trend.In addition to revealing that the TCJA was a tepid ifnot specious attempt to address the working family’splight, this history raises broader questions of politicalfeasibility. This Article identifies several factors such asincreased legal complexity, sophistic political rhetoricand changed normative expectations to explain theelectorate’s seeming apathy to our childcare tax laws’(d)evolution. Using this context, this Article argues thateven modest changes to our childcare tax laws, whileincapable of enacting systemic changes on their own,could nevertheless enact historically significant reformand revive dormant debates about the role the Americangovernment should play in supporting parents

Structure maps for hcp metals from first principles calculations

The ability to predict the existence and crystal type of ordered structures of materials from their components is a major challenge of current materials research. Empirical methods use experimental data to construct structure maps and make predictions based on clustering of simple physical parameters. Their usefulness depends on the availability of reliable data over the entire parameter space. Recent development of high throughput methods opens the possibility to enhance these empirical structure maps by {\it ab initio} calculations in regions of the parameter space where the experimental evidence is lacking or not well characterized. In this paper we construct enhanced maps for the binary alloys of hcp metals, where the experimental data leaves large regions of poorly characterized systems believed to be phase-separating. In these enhanced maps, the clusters of non-compound forming systems are much smaller than indicated by the empirical results alone.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

The biomechanical function of periodontal ligament fibres in orthodontic tooth movement

Orthodontic tooth movement occurs as a result of resorption and formation of the alveolar bone due to an applied load, but the stimulus responsible for triggering orthodontic tooth movement remains the subject of debate. It has been suggested that the periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a key role. However, the mechanical function of the PDL in orthodontic tooth movement is not well understood as most mechanical models of the PDL to date have ignored the fibrous structure of the PDL. In this study we use finite element (FE) analysis to investigate the strains in the alveolar bone due to occlusal and orthodontic loads when PDL is modelled as a fibrous structure as compared to modelling PDL as a layer of solid material. The results show that the tension-only nature of the fibres essentially suspends the tooth in the tooth socket and their inclusion in FE models makes a significant difference to both the magnitude and distribution of strains produced in the surrounding bone. The results indicate that the PDL fibres have a very important role in load transfer between the teeth and alveolar bone and should be considered in FE studies investigating the biomechanics of orthodontic tooth movement. © 2014 McCormack et al

Critical Current Peaks at 3BΦ3B_{\Phi} in Superconductors with Columnar Defects: Recrystalizing the Interstitial Glass

The role of commensurability and the interplay of correlated disorder and interactions on vortex dynamics in the presence of columnar pins is studied via molecular dynamics simulations. Simulations of dynamics reveal substantial caging effects and a non-monotonic dependence of the critical current with enhancements near integer values of the matching field $B_{\phi}$ and $3B_{\phi}$ in agreement with experiments on the cuprates. We find qualitative differences in the phase diagram for small and large values of the matching field.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures (3 color

A Case of Marked Post-Diphtheritic Paralysis.

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Masticatory biomechanics in the rabbit : a multi-body dynamics analysis

Acknowledgement We thank Sue Taft (University of Hull) for the µCT-scanning of the rabbit specimen used in this study. We also thank Raphaël Cornette, Jacques Bonnin, Laurent Dufresne, and l'Amicale des Chasseurs Trappistes (ACT) for providing permission and helping us capture the rabbits used for the in vivo bite force measurements at la Réserve Naturelle Nationale de St Quentin en Yvelines, France.Peer reviewedPublisher PD