Evidence for muon neutrino oscillation in an accelerator-based experiment

We present results for muon neutrino oscillation in the KEK to Kamioka (K2K) long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. K2K uses an accelerator-produced muon neutrino beam with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV directed at the Super-Kamiokande detector. We observed the energy dependent disappearance of muon neutrino, which we presume have oscillated to tau neutrino. The probability that we would observe these results if there is no neutrino oscillation is 0.0050% (4.0 sigma).Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Inclusões intracitoplasmáticas hialinas na medular da adrenal de bovinos

Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in adrenal medullary chromaffin cells have been described in various species including humans. These inclusions are believed to be related to certain infectious, toxic and neurodegenerative diseases. No reports concerning such adrenal inclusions have been described in bovines. Adrenal glands from twenty bovines were evaluated in a retrospective study. Seven of these exhibited inclusions - three cases of rabies, two cases of chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia, one case of chronic suppurative peritonitis, and one case of gangrenous mastitis. The inclusions were present in higher numbers especially in cases of rabies and also in one case of chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia. The inclusions were intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic, rounded, single or multiple, of various sizes, strongly stained by PAS and were present in higher numbers in the external layer of the adrenal medulla. The inclusions were negative when subjected to immunohistochemistry for detection of viral antigens in the cases of rabies. Although inclusion bodies were present in adrenal glands devoid of other histological alterations, they were more abundant in cases in which the adrenal gland had other alterations. The correlation between certain diseases and the development of inclusion bodies is not known, which highlights the importance of further studies on these inclusions in adrenal glands of bovines

Modeling the effect of age at calving × breed group of dam's interaction on weaning weight of Charolais-Zebu crossbred calves Modelagem da interação idade ao parto × composição genética da vaca e seus efeitos sobre o peso à desmama de bezerros mestiços Charolês-Zebu

The objective of this study was to evaluate alternatives for modeling the interaction between age of dam at calving (AOD) and the dam genetic group (DGG) on the weaning weight (W225) of Charolais-Zebu (Ch-Z) crossbred calves. Data from 56,965 crossbred calves were analyzed by the least square method. Regression coefficients for age of dam at calving were estimated nested into each class of the dam genetic group (CLA model); for age of dam at calving × dam Charolais percentage (age of dam at calving × FCh) and age of dam at calving × dam heterozygosity (age of dam at calving × FH) (FChFH model); for age of dam at calving × dam Charolais percentage (FCh model); for age of dam at calving × FH (FH model); or only for age of dam at calving (NINT model). Segmented polynomials were used to model the general shape of the age of dam at calving effect and its interaction with dam genetic group. The knots were at 6.33 and 10.66 years of age of dam at calving and general linear and quadratic coefficient regression and specific quadratic coefficient regression after each knot were fitted. The regression coefficients were estimated nested within sex of the calf in all situations. According to the F test for sum of squared residuals differences, the inclusion of the age of dam at calving × FH interaction did not improve the fit of the model and the CLA model provided the best fit. However, the estimates of the age of dam at calving and dam genetic group interaction from the CLA model for dam genetic group × sex of the calf classes with few records were not appropriate, but the estimates of the age of dam at calving and dam genetic group interaction from the FCh model for those classes were appropriate. The differences were small in the estimates of the age of dam of calving and dam genetic group interaction from the CLA or FCh models for dam genetic group × sex of the calf classes with many records.<br>Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar alternativas para modelar a interação entre idade ao parto e grupo genético da vaca (GGV) sobre o peso à desmama de bezerros mestiços Charolês-Zebu. Dados de peso à desmama de 56.965 bezerros Charolês-Zebu foram analisados utilizando o método de quadrados mínimos. Foram estimados coeficientes de regressão para idade da vaca ao parto (IVP) dentro de cada grupo genético da vaca (modelo CLA); para IVP × fração esperada de alelos de origem da raça Charolesa na vaca (IVP × FCh) e IVP × fração esperada dos loci da vaca com um alelo proveniente da raça Charolesa e outro proveniente de raças zebuínas (IVP × FH) (modelo FChFH); para IVP × FCh (modelo FCh); para IVP × FH (modelo FH); ou apenas para IVP (modelo SINT). A forma geral do efeito da IVP sobre o peso à desmama foi modelada por polinômios segmentados com efeitos linear e quadrático gerais e quadráticos específicos, a partir de cada nó (6,33 e 10,66 anos). Os coeficientes de regressão foram estimados dentro de cada sexo do bezerro em todas as situações. De acordo com o teste F para redução da soma de quadrados do resíduo, a inclusão da interação IVP × FH não melhorou significativamente os ajustes e o modelo CLA foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados. Contudo, para classes de GGV × sexo do bezerro com reduzido número de observações, o modelo CLA proporcionou estimativas inconsistentes para o efeito da interação IVP × GGV e o modelo FCh mostrou-se adequado. Para as classes de GGV × sexo do bezerro com grande número de observações, as diferenças entre as estimativas do efeito da interação IVP × GGV obtidas pelos modelos CLA e FCh foram de pequena magnitude