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Non-verbal communication in meetings of psychiatrists and patients with schizophrenia
Objective
Recent evidence found that patients with schizophrenia display nonāverbal behaviour designed to avoid social engagement during the opening moments of their meetings with psychiatrists. This study aimed to replicate, and build on, this finding, assessing the nonāverbal behaviour of patients and psychiatrists during meetings, exploring changes over time and its association with patients' symptoms and the quality of the therapeutic relationship.
Method
40āvideotaped routine outāpatient consultations, involving patients with schizophrenia, were analysed. Nonāverbal behaviour of patients and psychiatrists was assessed during three fixed, 2āmin intervals using a modified Ethological Coding System for Interviews. Symptoms, satisfaction with communication and the quality of the therapeutic relationship were also measured.
Results
Over time, patients' nonāverbal behaviour remained stable, whilst psychiatrists' flight behaviour decreased. Patients formed two groups based on their nonāverbal profiles, one group (n = 25) displaying proāsocial behaviour, inviting interaction and a second (n = 15) displaying flight behaviour, avoiding interaction. Psychiatrists interacting with proāsocial patients displayed more proāsocial behaviours (P < 0.001). Patients' proāsocial profile was associated reduced symptom severity (P < 0.05), greater satisfaction with communication (P < 0.001) and positive therapeutic relationships (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Patients' nonāverbal behaviour during routine psychiatric consultations remains unchanged, and is linked to both their psychiatrist's nonāverbal behaviour and the quality of the therapeutic relationship
Partial Evaluation for Java Malware Detection
The fact that Java is platform independent gives hackers the opportunity to write exploits that can target users on any platform, which has a JVM implementation. Metasploit is a well-known source of Java exploits and to circumvent detection by Anti Virus (AV) software, obfuscation techniques are routinely applied to make an exploit more difficult to recognise. Popular obfuscation techniques for Java include string obfuscation and applying reflection to hide method calls; two techniques that can either be used together or independently. This paper shows how to apply partial evaluation to remove these obfuscations and thereby improve AV matching. The paper presents a partial evaluator for Jimple, which is a typed three-address code suitable for optimisation and program analysis, and also demonstrates how the residual Jimple code, when transformed back into Java, improves the detection rates of a number of commercial AV products
Critical Excitation Spectrum of Quantum Chain With A Local 3-Spin Coupling
This article reports a measurement of the low-energy excitation spectrum
along the critical line for a quantum spin chain having a local interaction
between three Ising spins and longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields. The
measured excitation spectrum agrees with that predicted by the (D, A)
conformal minimal model under a nontrivial correspondence between translations
at the critical line and discrete lattice translations. Under this
correspondence, the measurements confirm a prediction that the critical line of
this quantum spin chain and the critical point of the 2D 3-state Potts model
are in the same universality class.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
Excitation Spectrum at the Yang-Lee Edge Singularity of 2D Ising Model on the Strip
At the Yang-Lee edge singularity, finite-size scaling behavior is used to
measure the low-lying excitation spectrum of the Ising quantum spin chain for
free boundary conditions. The measured spectrum is used to identify the CFT
that describes the Yang-Lee edge singularity of the 2D Ising model for free
boundary conditions.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
Linguistic Indicators of Severity and Progress in Online Text-based Therapy for Depression
Mental illnesses such as depression andanxiety are highly prevalent, and therapyis increasingly being offered online. Thisnew setting is a departure from face-to-face therapy, and offers both a challengeand an opportunity ā it is not yet knownwhat features or approaches are likely tolead to successful outcomes in such a dif-ferent medium, but online text-based ther-apy provides large amounts of data for lin-guistic analysis. We present an initial in-vestigation into the application of compu-tational linguistic techniques, such as topicand sentiment modelling, to online ther-apy for depression and anxiety. We findthat important measures such as symptomseverity can be predicted with compara-ble accuracy to face-to-face data, usinggeneral features such as discussion topicand sentiment; however, measures of pa-tient progress are captured only by finer-grained lexical features, suggesting thataspects of style or dialogue structure mayalso be important
The relaxation of OH (v = 1) and OD (v = 1) by H2O and D2O at temperatures from 251 to 390 K
We report rate coefficients for the relaxation of OH(v = 1) and OD(v = 1) by H2O and D2O as a function of temperature between 251 and 390 K. All four rate coefficients exhibit a negative dependence on temperature. In Arrhenius form, the rate coefficients for relaxation (in units of 10ā12 cm3 moleculeā1 sā1) can be expressed as: for OH(v = 1) + H2O between 263 and 390 K: k = (2.4 Ā± 0.9) exp((460 Ā± 115)/T); for OH(v = 1) + D2O between 256 and 371 K: k = (0.49 Ā± 0.16) exp((610 Ā± 90)/T); for OD(v = 1) + H2O between 251 and 371 K: k = (0.92 Ā± 0.16) exp((485 Ā± 48)/T); for OD(v = 1) + D2O between 253 and 366 K: k = (2.57 Ā± 0.09) exp((342 Ā± 10)/T). Rate coefficients at (297 Ā± 1 K) are also reported for the relaxation of OH(v = 2) by D2O and the relaxation of OD(v = 2) by H2O and D2O. The results are discussed in terms of a mechanism involving the formation of hydrogen-bonded complexes in which intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution can occur at rates competitive with re-dissociation to the initial collision partners in their original vibrational states. New ab initio calculations on the H2OāHO system have been performed which, inter alia, yield vibrational frequencies for all four complexes: H2OāHO, D2OāHO, H2OāDO and D2OāDO. These data are then employed, adapting a formalism due to Troe (J. Troe, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 4758), in order to estimate the rates of intramolecular energy transfer from the OH (OD) vibration to other modes in the complexes in order to explain the measured relaxation ratesāassuming that relaxation proceeds via the hydrogen-bonded complexes
Management Entrenchment in the Market for Corporate Control
Ken C.Yook, Ph.D., is associate professor of finance. Department of Finance, The Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC 20036.
George M. McCabe, Ph.D., is professor of finance, Department of Finance, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588
Investigating Topic Modelling for Therapy Dialogue Analysis
Previous research shows that aspects of doctor-patient communication in therapy can predict patient symptoms, satisfaction and future adherence to treatment (a significant problem with conditions such as schizophrenia). However, automatic prediction has so far shown success only when based on low-level lexical features, and it is unclear how well these can generalise to new data, or whether their effectiveness is due to their capturing aspects of style, structure or content. Here, we examine the use of topic as a higher-level measure of content, more likely to generalise and to have more explanatory power. Investigations show that while topics predict some important factors such as patient satisfaction and ratings of therapy quality, they lack the full predictive power of lower-level features. For some factors, unsupervised methods produce models comparable to manual annotation.
Chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometer for the in situ measurement of methyl hydrogen peroxide
A new approach for measuring gas-phase methyl hydrogen peroxide [(MHP) CH_3OOH] utilizing chemical ionization mass spectrometry is presented. Tandem mass spectrometry is used to avoid mass interferences that hindered previous attempts to measure atmospheric CH_3OOH with CF_3Oā clustering chemistry. CH_3OOH has been successfully measured in situ using this technique during both airborne and ground-based campaigns. The accuracy and precision for the MHP measurement are a function of water vapor mixing ratio. Typical precision at 500 pptv MHP and 100 ppmv H_2O is Ā±80 pptv (2 sigma) for a 1 s integration period. The accuracy at 100 ppmv H_2O is estimated to be better than Ā±40%. Chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry shows considerable promise for the determination of in situ atmospheric trace gas mixing ratios where isobaric compounds or mass interferences impede accurate measurements
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