Method for determining properties of microinstabilities of a magnetized plasma

Study comprises a determination of the plasma density at which absolute density becomes predominant by using the dielectric properties at this incipient unstable state. Relationships between wavelength, frequency, and density microinstabilities are used to derive the spatial dielectric function

Computation of Market Equilibria via the Excess Demand Function

We consider the computation of equilibria for exchange economies. The general problem is unlikely to admit efficient algorithms. We develop and adapt a number of tools which allow us to take advantage of the structure of equilibria, when the market satisfies a property, called weak gross substitutability, which guarantees that the equilibria form a convex set. Using these tools we derive two polynomial time algorithms: the first one is a simple and efficient discrete version of the t?atonnement process, while the second one is based on the Ellipsoid method, and achieves a better dependence on the approximation parameter. Our approach does not make use of the specific form of the utility functions of the individual traders, and it is thus more general than previous work

T2 Values of Posterior Horns of Knee Menisci in Asymptomatic Subjects

[[abstract]]Purpose: The magnetic resonance (MR) T2 value of cartilage is a reliable indicator of tissue properties and therefore may be used as an objective diagnostic tool in early meniscal degeneration. The purpose of this study was to investigate age, gender, location, and zonal differences in MR T2 value of the posterior horns of knee menisci in asymptomatic subjects. Methods: Sixty asymptomatic volunteers (30 men and 30 women) were enrolled and divided into three different age groups: 20–34, 35–49 and 50–70 years. The inclusion criteria were BMI＜30 kg/cm2, normalized Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) pain score of zero, and no evidence of meniscal and ligamentous abnormalities on routine knee MR imaging. The T2 values were measured on images acquired with a T2-weighted fat-suppressed turbo spin-echo sequence at 3T. Results: The mean T2 values in both medial and lateral menisci for the 20–34, 35–49, and 50–70 age groups were 9.94 msec±0.94, 10.73 msec±1.55, and 12.36 msec±2.27, respectively, for women and 9.17 msec±0.74, 9.64 msec±0.67, and 10.95 msec±1.33, respectively, for men. The T2 values were significantly higher in the 50–70 age group than the 20–34 age group (P＜0.001) and in women than in men (P = 0.001, 0.004, and 0.049 for each respective age group). T2 values were significantly higher in medial menisci than in lateral menisci only in women age 50–70 (3.33 msec, P = 0.006) and in the white zone and red/white zone of the 50–70 and 35–49 age groups than that of the 20–34 age group (2.47, 1.02; 2.77, 1.16 msec, respectively, all P＜0.01). Conclusion: The MR T2 values of the posterior meniscal horns increase with increasing age in women and are higher in women than in men. The age-related rise of T2 values appears to be more severe in medial menisci than in lateral menisci. Differences exist in the white zone and red/white zone.[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]電子

Fighting rural poverty in Colombia: circular agriculture by using insects as feed in aquaculture

The circular economy (CE) has become relevant in various countries where governments and organizations have declared the intention to replace the traditional linear economy with policies addressed to develop circular models of economy; however, CE has traditionally already been practiced by some peasants and farmers in the world. This report presents the results of a research project to identify concrete conditions for the production of insects by small- and medium-scale farmers, enabling peasant communities to reuse organic residual streams to feed insects, and then, use these insects as feed in peasant-run aquaculture. We compare and conceptualize the synergies between the CE and agroecological approaches, proposing a theoretical model: Agroecological Insect- Fish Farming model (AIFF), as a new opportunity to develop a circular economy by implementing practices such as the use of insects, especially the Black Soldier Fly (BSF), producing high-value proteins for fish feed and consequently food for human consumption and a more sustainable planet